python安装更新和pip安装使用阿里源及yum问题解决

centos 7 python版本更新

原版本2.7.5 更新版本2.7.13

注：由于linux自带的python，系统对其有一定的依赖，因此建议保留原来的版本；常常出现的是yum功能问题；另 centos 7版本可以使用yum安装的方式进行pip安装，比手动安装更快捷方便

1.安装依赖包

yum -y install gcc
yum install -y zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel

2.包下载：

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.13/Python-2.7.13.tgz

3.解压：

tar -zxvf Python-2.7.13.tgz

4.创建安装目录：

mkdir /usr/local/python2.7.13

5.切换目录：

cd Python-2.7.13

6.编译

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7.13

结果：

done
checking for ensurepip... no
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile.pre
config.status: creating Modules/Setup.config
config.status: creating Misc/python.pc
config.status: creating Modules/ld_so_aix
config.status: creating pyconfig.h
creating Modules/Setup
creating Modules/Setup.local
creating Makefile

If you want a release build with all optimizations active (LTO, PGO, etc),
please run ./configure --enable-optimizations

please run ./configure –enable-optimizations （这一句可不执行）

7.安装：

make && make install

结果：

rm -f /usr/local/python2.7.13/share/man/man1/python.1
(cd /usr/local/python2.7.13/share/man/man1; ln -s python2.1 python.1)
if test "xno" != "xno"  ; then \
case no in \
upgrade) ensurepip="--upgrade" ;; \
install|*) ensurepip="" ;; \
esac; \
./python -E -m ensurepip \
$ensurepip --root=/ ; \
fi

8.查看原来版本,记录原版本号

# python  --version
Python 2.7.5

9.更新版本：

[root@mongodb ~]# which python
/usr/bin/python
[root@mongodb ~]# ll /usr/bin/python
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 May  8 12:09 /usr/bin/python -> python2

重命名python为旧版本号，并建立新版本的连接

mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.7.5

ln -s /usr/local/python2.7.13/bin/python2 /usr/bin/python

10.验证：

# python -V
Python 2.7.13

安装完成后，安装pip：

使用yum进行安装

yum install python-pip

若出现

No package python-pip available.

则解决方法如下：

yum -y install epel-release

yum install python-pip

安装完成后清理

yum clean all

12.pip验证

# pip -V
pip 8.1.2 from /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7)

13.为提高pip的安装速度，使用国内的pip源，这里更新pip源为阿里源：

mkdir ~/.pip/

vi ~/.pip/pip.conf

写入：

[global]
index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ 
[install]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com

14.安装flask验证：

# pip install flask
Collecting flask
Downl
4000
oading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/77/32/e3597cb19ffffe724ad4bf0beca4153419918e7fa4ba6a34b04ee4da3371/Flask-0.12.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (83kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 660kB/s
Collecting click>=2.0 (from flask)
Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/34/c1/8806f99713ddb993c5366c362b2f908f18269f8d792aff1abfd700775a77/click-6.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (71kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 1.0MB/s
Collecting Jinja2>=2.4 (from flask)
Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/5e/73/10c45b82a88ed6b7751bd40da31eeefd7b362e07b56a99aa6e56655a0794/Jinja2-2.9.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (340kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 348kB 829kB/s
Collecting Werkzeug>=0.7 (from flask)
Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/97/02/306e0d57fdbf467ec1c763bc1757ec6ba20b1332e0ea7e49111533d71d1c/Werkzeug-0.12.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (312kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 317kB 2.8MB/s
Collecting itsdangerous>=0.21 (from flask)
Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/dc/b4/a60bcdba945c00f6d608d8975131ab3f25b22f2bcfe1dab221165194b2d4/itsdangerous-0.24.tar.gz (46kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 23.1MB/s
Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23 (from Jinja2>=2.4->flask)
Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/4d/de/32d741db316d8fdb7680822dd37001ef7a448255de9699ab4bfcbdf4172b/MarkupSafe-1.0.tar.gz Installing collected packages: click, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, Werkzeug, itsdangerous, flask
Running setup.py install for MarkupSafe ... done
Running setup.py install for itsdangerous ... done
Successfully installed Jinja2-2.9.6 MarkupSafe-1.0 Werkzeug-0.12.2 click-6.7 flask-0.12.2 itsdangerous-0.24
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 9.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

最后

You should consider upgrading via the ‘pip install –upgrade pip’ command.

可以使用pip install –upgrade pip升级pip，也可以不用升级,这里忽略

python版本更新后，yum出现问题

报错：

ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber

解决办法：

[root@mongodb man1]# yum list
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
base                                                                                                                                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00
epel/x86_64/metalink                                                                                                                                                         | 6.3 kB  00:00:00
epel                                                                                                                                                                         | 4.3 kB  00:00:00
extras                                                                                                                                                                       | 3.4 kB  00:00:00
mongodb-org                                                                                                                                                                  | 2.5 kB  00:00:00
updates                                                                                                                                                                      | 3.4 kB  00:00:00
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module>
from urlgrabber.grabber import \
ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module>
from urlgrabber.grabber import \
ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module>
from urlgrabber.grabber import \
ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber

Exiting on user cancel

A. 修改/usr/bin/yum python的路径：

#vi /usr/bin/yum
将文件头部的
#!/usr/bin/python
改成
#!/usr/bin/python2.7.5

在使用yum 安装的时候同样会遇到

ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber

yum install gcc
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module>
from urlgrabber.grabber import \
ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module>
from urlgrabber.grabber import \
ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module>
from urlgrabber.grabber import \
ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module>
from urlgrabber.grabber import \
ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module>
from urlgrabber.grabber import \
ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber

Exiting on user cancel

B. /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down 也需要修改：

vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
将文件头部的
#!/usr/bin/python
改成
#!/usr/bin/python2.7.5

至此，安装完成