Windows环境下首次安装与使用MYSQL数据库

本文主要内容为第一次在Windows环境下使用MYSQL数据库，包括MYSQL的安装、服务的启动，数据库的登陆，数据库的创建、查看、删除，表的创建、查询与删除。要求对数据库有一定的基础，比如已经熟悉了DB2数据库。

环境：

Windows 7 32 bit

MYSQL 5.7.18.1 社区版

1.）下载并安装MYSQL 5.7

安装MYSQL 5.7.18.1 社区版需要先下载并安装 Microsoft .NET Framework 4
http://www.microsoft.com/zh-cn/download/details.aspx?id=17718

下载MYSQL server
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/windows/installer/5.7.html

下载之后的文件名为 mysql-installer-community-5.7.18.1.msi， 双击安装，默认的安装目录和安装完成之后数据库文件位置分别如下：

默认安装目录如下：

C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\

默认安装目录下的bin目录存放的是可执行文件，安装完成之后，需要在Path环境变量里添加这个目录：

C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\bin

数据库数据文件：

C:\Documents and Settings\All users\Application Data\MYSQL\MySQL Server 5.7

可以在这个目录里找到MYSQL的配置文件my.ini；还有一个目录名Data，是数据库文件存放目录，每创建一个数据库，这个Data目录里就会有一个以数据库名子命名的目录



2.）启动MYSQL服务

启动MYSQL服务：打开控制面板，按照下面的顺序找到MYSQL57，右键点击启动服务：

控制面板\所有控制面板项\管理工具\服务\MYSQL57

或者使用命令: net start mysql57

3.）登陆MYSQL数据库并创建数据库、查看数据库、删除数据库，查看MYSQL支持的存储引擎（存储引擎的概念以后会更新）

C:\Windows\system32>mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -u root -p
Enter password: ****
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.18-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database test1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sakila             |
| sys                |
| test1              |
| world              |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop database test1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sakila             |
| sys                |
| world              |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show engines;
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine             | Support | Comment                                                        | Transactions | XA   | Savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| InnoDB             | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys     | YES          | YES  | YES        |
| MRG_MYISAM         | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables                          | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MEMORY             | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables      | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| BLACKHOLE          | YES     | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MyISAM             | YES     | MyISAM storage engine                                          | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| CSV                | YES     | CSV storage engine                                             | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| ARCHIVE            | YES     | Archive storage engine                                         | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES     | Performance Schema                                             | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| FEDERATED          | NO      | Federated MySQL storage engine                                 | NULL         | NULL | NULL       |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.）在SAMPLE数据库里创建表、插入并查询数据、查看表的结构和定义、删除表

mysql> create database sample;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> use sample;
Database changed

mysql> create table t1(id int primary key, name char(20), sex boolean);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.45 sec)

mysql> insert into t1 values(1,'miao',1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)

mysql> insert into t1 values(2,'qing',0);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> insert into t1 values(3,'qing',2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from t1;
+----+------+------+
| id | name | sex  |
+----+------+------+
|  1 | miao |    1 |
|  2 | qing |    0 |
|  3 | qing |    2 |
+----+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> describe t1;
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type       | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)    | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| name  | char(20)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex   | tinyint(1) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show create table t1;
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------+
| Table | Create Table
|
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------+
| t1    | CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`sex` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> show create table T1 \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: T1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`sex` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop table t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)

5.)使用不同引擎的表对应的文件

mysql> create table t2(id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.31 sec)

mysql> create table t3(id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.28 sec)

在C:\Documents and Settings\All users\Application Data\MYSQL\MySQL Server 5.7\Data\sample会看到以下文件：

t2.frm

t2.ibd

t3.frm

t3.ibd

表t2和t3使用了默认的引擎InnoDB，其中frm文件存放的是表的定义，而ibd文件存放的是表的数据和索引数据

========

mysql> create table t4(id int) engine=MyISAM;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)

可以看到sample目录下多了以下文件:

t4.frm

t4.MYD

t4.MYI

因为t4使用了另一个存储引擎MyISAM，表对应文件结构发生变化：frm存放的是表的定义；MYD是MYData的缩写，存放的是表数据；MYI是MYIndex缩写，存储的是索引。

=========

mysql> create table t5(id int) engine=MEMORY;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)

这里t5又使用了一个新的存储引擎MEMORY，sample目录下只多了一个文件：t5.frm，来存放表的定义，并没有文件存放表的数据，因为使用这种存储引擎的表，其数据仅在内存中。