详解pycharm新建文件时头部的模板

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pycharm新建文件时的头部模板，即默认的：author = ‘$USER’，pycharm下依次“File→settings→Editor→File and Code Template”即可找到界面，如下： 

如何对pycharm头部模板进行个人的全新定制呢？

JetBrains的官方帮助文档里说的很详细了，这里画蛇添足赘述一下，努力做到详细精确，傻瓜操作，即copy即用：

pycharm总共支持四种方法来创建模板： 

1. Creating a file template from scratch 

2. Creating a file template from an existing one 

3. Creating a file template from a file 

4. Creating and referencing include templates

1、Creating a file template from scratch

这是最简单常用的一种方法，以Python为例，模板的默认头部为：

__author__ = '$USER'
# '$USER' 为预定义的变量，为你当前登录的计算机用户名

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其他的一些可选的预定义变量有：

${PROJECT_NAME} - the name of the current project.
${NAME} - the name of the new file which you specify in the New File dialog box during the file creation.
${USER} - the login name of the current user.
${DATE} - the current system date.
${TIME} - the current system time.
${YEAR} - the current year.
${MONTH} - the current month.
${DAY} - the current day of the month.
${HOUR} - the current hour.
${MINUTE} - the current minute.
${PRODUCT_NAME} - the name of the IDE in which the file will be created.
${MONTH_NAME_SHORT} - the first 3 letters of the month name. Example: Jan, Feb, etc.
${MONTH_NAME_FULL} - full name of a month. Example: January, February, etc.

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例如，如果你还想加上该文件创建的时间：

__time__   = '${DATE}'

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当然，也可以组合使用：

__time__   = '${DATE} ${TIME}'

#显示如下：
__author__ = 'oukohou'
__time__ = '2017/3/14 10:46'

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而如果你觉得预定义的这些太少啦，不能满足你狂拽酷炫的需求，那么，pycharm也支持自定义，格式为：

#set( $GirlFriend = "Jingjing" )
__girlFriend__ = '${GirlFriend}'

显示如下：
__girlFriend__ = 'Jingjing'

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还可以覆盖预定义变量：

#set($USER = "Handsome")
__author__ = '$USER'

#显示如下：
__author__ = 'Handsome'

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美元符号本身用’${DS}’，示例：

__dollar__ = '${DS}'

#显示如下：
__dollar__ = '$'

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2、Creating a file template from an existing one

就是copy已存在的头文件模板，示意图如下： 



先选中一个要copy的模板，然后点击复制，效果如下：

3、Creating a file template from a file

这个是将一个文件保存为模板，示意图如下：


 

这时再次按照“File→settings→Editor→File and Code Template”打开，就会发现刚刚添加的模板了。

4、Creating and referencing include templates

这里用到了Template选项旁边的include选项：



点击“+”号创建，写入内容，然后再返回Template选项通过“parse”来引用，这里依然以python的模板为例：



显示如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'Handsome'
__time__ = '2017/3/14 14:28'
__girlFriend__ = 'Jingjing'
__dollar__ = '$'

hello, Jingjing.
# If this runs wrong, don't ask me, I don't know why;
# If this runs right, thank god, and I don't know why.
# Maybe the answer, my friend, is blowing in the wind.