C/C++获取操作系统、CPU、内存信息（windows和linux）

有时候需要在工程里面获取一些系统或者硬件的信息，比如系统版本，cpu，内存，显卡，硬盘等，作为后续软件功能判断的依据，甚至参与性能算法自适应建模

Windows

操作系统和内存信息在windows下通过系统的API来获取，CPU信息则需要需要通过底层CPUID指令取得

代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <windows.h>

#pragma warning(disable: 4996) // avoid GetVersionEx to be warned

// ***** global macros ***** //
static const int kMaxInfoBuffer = 256;
#define  GBYTES  1073741824
#define  MBYTES  1048576
#define  KBYTES  1024
#define  DKBYTES 1024.0

// ---- get os info ---- //
void getOsInfo()
{
// get os name according to version number
OSVERSIONINFO osver = {sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO)};
GetVersionEx(&osver);
std::string os_name;
if (osver.dwMajorVersion == 5 && osver.dwMinorVersion == 0)
os_name = "Windows 2000";
else if (osver.dwMajorVersion == 5 && osver.dwMinorVersion == 1)
os_name = "Windows XP";
else if (osver.dwMajorVersion == 6 && osver.dwMinorVersion == 0)
os_name = "Windows 2003";
else if (osver.dwMajorVersion == 5 && osver.dwMinorVersion == 2)
os_name = "windows vista";
else if (osver.dwMajorVersion == 6 && osver.dwMinorVersion == 1)
os_name = "windows 7";
else if (osver.dwMajorVersion == 6 && osver.dwMinorVersion == 2)
os_name = "windows 10";

std::cout << "os name: " << os_name << std::endl;
std::cout << "os version: " << osver.dwMajorVersion << '.' << osver.dwMinorVersion << std::endl;

}

// ---- get cpu info ---- //
// save 4 register variables
DWORD deax;
DWORD debx;
DWORD decx;
DWORD dedx;

// init cpu in assembly language
void initCpu(DWORD veax)
{
__asm
{
mov eax, veax
cpuid
mov deax, eax
mov debx, ebx
mov decx, ecx
mov dedx, edx
}
}

long getCpuFreq()
{
int start, over;
_asm
{
RDTSC
mov start, eax
}
Sleep(50);
_asm
{
RDTSC
mov over, eax
}
return (over - start) / 50000;
}

std::string getManufactureID()
{
char manuID[25];
memset(manuID, 0, sizeof(manuID));

initCpu(0);
memcpy(manuID + 0, &debx, 4); // copy to array
memcpy(manuID + 4, &dedx, 4);
memcpy(manuID + 8, &decx, 4);

return manuID;
}

std::string getCpuType()
{
const DWORD id = 0x80000002; // start 0x80000002 end to 0x80000004
char cpuType[49];
memset(cpuType, 0, sizeof(cpuType));

for (DWORD t = 0; t < 3; t++)
{
initCpu(id + t);

memcpy(cpuType + 16 * t + 0, &deax, 4);
memcpy(cpuType + 16 * t + 4, &debx, 4);
memcpy(cpuType + 16 * t + 8, &decx, 4);
memcpy(cpuType + 16 * t + 12, &dedx, 4);
}

return cpuType;
}

void getCpuInfo()
{
std::cout << "CPU main frequency: " << getCpuFreq() << "MHz" << std::endl;
std::cout << "CPU manufacture: " << getManufactureID() << std::endl;
std::cout << "CPU type: " << getCpuType() << std::endl;
}

// ---- get memory info ---- //
void getMemoryInfo()
{
std::string memory_info;
MEMORYSTATUSEX statusex;
statusex.dwLength = sizeof(statusex);
if (GlobalMemoryStatusEx(&statusex))
{
unsigned long long total = 0, remain_total = 0, avl = 0, remain_avl = 0;
double decimal_total = 0, decimal_avl = 0;
remain_total = statusex.ullTotalPhys % GBYTES;
total = statusex.ullTotalPhys / GBYTES;
avl = statusex.ullAvailPhys / GBYTES;
remain_avl = statusex.ullAvailPhys % GBYTES;
if (remain_total > 0)
decimal_total = (remain_total / MBYTES) / DKBYTES;
if (remain_avl > 0)
decimal_avl = (remain_avl / MBYTES) / DKBYTES;

decimal_total += (double)total;
decimal_avl += (double)avl;
char  buffer[kMaxInfoBuffer];
sprintf_s(buffer, kMaxInfoBuffer, "total %.2f GB (%.2f GB available)", decimal_total, decimal_avl);
memory_info.append(buffer);
}
std::cout << memory_info << std::endl;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
std::cout << "===os information===" << std::endl;
getOsInfo();

std::cout << "===cpu infomation===" << std::endl;
getCpuInfo();

std::cout << "===memory information===" << std::endl;
getMemoryInfo();

system("pause");
return 0;
}

结果：

===os information===
os name: windows 10
os version: 6.2
===cpu infomation===
CPU main frequency: 2612MHz
CPU manufacture: GenuineIntel
CPU type:        Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3230M CPU @ 2.60GHz
===memory information===
total 7.86 GB (1.38 GB available)

Linux

linux下很多信息都是存放着系统的/proc目录下，因此读文件就可以获取到了
代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

// read the linux config files to get system info

void getOsInfo()
{
FILE *fp = fopen("/proc/version", "r");
if(NULL == fp)
printf("failed to open version\n");
char szTest[1000] = {0};
while(!feof(fp))
{
memset(szTest, 0, sizeof(szTest));
fgets(szTest, sizeof(szTest) - 1, fp); // leave out \n
printf("%s", szTest);
}
fclose(fp);
}

void getCpuInfo()
{
FILE *fp = fopen("/proc/cpuinfo", "r");
if(NULL == fp)
printf("failed to open cpuinfo\n");
char szTest[1000] = {0};
// read file line by line
while(!feof(fp))
{
memset(szTest, 0, sizeof(szTest));
fgets(szTest, sizeof(szTest) - 1, fp); // leave out \n
printf("%s", szTest);
}
fclose(fp);
}

void getMemoryInfo()
{
FILE *fp = fopen("/proc/meminfo", "r");
if(NULL == fp)
printf("failed to open meminfo\n");
char szTest[1000] = {0};
while(!feof(fp))
{
memset(szTest, 0, sizeof(szTest));
fgets(szTest, sizeof(szTest) - 1, fp);
printf("%s", szTest);
}
fclose(fp);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
printf("===os information===\n");
getOsInfo();

printf("===cpu infomation===\n");
getCpuInfo();

printf("===memory information===\n");
getMemoryInfo();

return 0;
}

结果：

===os information===
Linux version 4.8.6-300.fc25.x86_64 (mockbuild@bkernel02.phx2.fedoraproject.org) (gcc version 6.2.1 20160916 (Red Hat 6.2.1-2) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Nov 1 12:36:38 UTC 2016
===cpu infomation===
processor	: 0
vendor_id	: GenuineIntel
cpu family	: 6
model		: 58
model name	: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3230M CPU @ 2.60GHz
stepping	: 9
microcode	: 0x1b
cpu MHz		: 2599.755
cache size	: 3072 KB
===memory information===
MemTotal:        3061552 kB
MemFree:           89584 kB
MemAvailable:     596876 kB
Buffers:           70372 kB
Cached:           707548 kB
SwapCached:          392 kB

PS：硬盘和网络参数也可以通过这种方法拿到，显卡参数可以用制造商提供的驱动API来取得