python_Django_3：Views and templates

一、视图

添加更多的视图，在

app

的

views.py

下：

def detail(request, question_id):
return HttpResponse("You're looking at question %s." % question_id)

def results(request, question_id):
response = "You're looking at the results of question %s."
return HttpResponse(response % question_id)

def vote(request, question_id):
return HttpResponse("You're voting on question %s." % question_id)

添加了视图之后，我们需要把相应的

url

添加到

app

下的

urls.py

文件：

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
# ex: /polls/
url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),
# ex: /polls/5/
url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/$', views.detail, name='detail'),
# ex: /polls/5/results/
url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/results/$', views.results, name='results'),
# ex: /polls/5/vote/
url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/vote/$', views.vote, name='vote'),
]

二、模板

创建

templates

文件夹，创建模板文件在

polls/templates/polls

，创建

index.html

。

{% if latest_question_list %}
<ul>
{% for question in latest_question_list %}
<li><a href="/polls/{{ question.id }}/">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% else %}
<p>No polls are available.</p>
{% endif %}

修改视图

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.template import loader
from .models import Question

def index(request):
latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
template = loader.get_template('polls/index.html')
context = {
'latest_question_list': latest_question_list,
}
return HttpResponse(template.render(context, request))

上面使用的

HttpResponse

的方法较为麻烦，可以使用快捷方式。

from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Question

def index(request):
latest_question_list =
4000
Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
context = {'latest_question_list': latest_question_list}
return render(request, 'polls/index.html', context)

三、404

在app下

templates/polls/

建立文件

detail.html

。

修改视图

from django.http import Http404
from django.shortcuts import render

from .models import Question
# ...
def detail(request, question_id):
try:
question = Question.objects.get(pk=question_id)
except Question.DoesNotExist:
raise Http404("Question does not exist")
return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})

快捷方式

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render

from .models import Question
# ...
def detail(request, question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})

修改

detail.html

文件

<h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1>
<ul>
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
<li>{{ choice.choice_text }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>

四、移除硬url

在html中写url的时候，不要使用硬url，如：

<li><a href="/polls/{{ question.id }}/">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>

要如下：

<li><a href="{% url 'detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>

在添加

url

的命名空间

在

app

的

urls.py

中添加

app_name

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

app_name = 'polls'
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),
url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/$', views.detail, name='detail'),
url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/results/$', views.results, name='results'),
url(r'^(?P<question_id>[0-9]+)/vote/$', views.vote, name='vote'),
]

添加

url

的命名空间

<li><a href="{% url 'polls:detail' question.id %}">{{ question.question_text }}</a></li>