每天一个Linux命令(51):ping
2017-04-18 09:37
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ping用于测试本地与目标主机的网络连通性,我们经常会说“ping一下某台机器,看是不是开着”,不能打开网页时会说“你先ping网关地址192.168.1.1试试”。它通过发送ICMP ECHO_REQUEST数据包到网络主机(send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts),并显示响应情况,这样我们就可以根据它输出的信息来确定目标主机是否可访问。有些服务器为了防止通过ping探测到,通过防火墙设置了禁止ping或者在内核参数中禁止ping,这样就不能通过ping确定该主机是否还处于开启状态。
linux下的ping和windows下的ping稍有区别,linux下的ping不会自动终止,需要按ctrl+c终止,或者用-c指定回应的次数。
ping每秒发送一个数据报并且为每个接收到的响应打印一行输出。ping计算信号往返时间和(信息)包丢失情况的统计信息,并且在完成之后显示一个简要总结。ping在程序超时或当接收到SIGINT信号时结束。Host是一个有效的主机名或者是互联网地址。
-f,极限检测。大量且快速地传送网络封包到一台机器,查看它的回应
-n,只输出数值
-q,不显示任何传送封包的信息,只显示最后的结果
-r,忽略普通的Routing Table,直接将数据包传送到远端主机上。通常是查看本机的网络接口是否有问题
-R,记录路由过程
-v,详细显示指令的执行过程
-c 数目,在发送指定数目的包后停止
-i 秒数,设定间隔几秒送一个网络封包给一台机器,预设值是一秒送一次
-I 网络界面,使用指定的网络界面送出数据包
-l 前置载入,设置在送出要求信息之前,先行发出的数据包
-p 范本样式,设置填满数据包的范本样式
-s 字节数,指定发送的数据字节数,预设值是56,加上8字节的ICMP头,一共是64ICMP数据字节
-t 存活数值,设置存活数值TTL的大小
命令:
例二:ping不通的情况
命令:
例三:ping网关
命令:
例四:ping指定的次数
命令:
例五:有时间间隔和次数限制的ping
命令:
例六:通过域名,ping公网上的站点
命令:
例七:多参数使用
命令:
说明:-i 3,发送周期为 3秒;-s,设置发送包的大小为1024;-t,设置TTL值为 255。
linux下的ping和windows下的ping稍有区别,linux下的ping不会自动终止,需要按ctrl+c终止,或者用-c指定回应的次数。
1.命令格式
ping [参数] [主机名或IP地址]
2.命令功能
用于确定网络和外部主机的状态;跟踪和隔离硬件和软件问题;测试,评估,管理网络。如果主机正在运行并连在网络上,它就对回送信号进行响应。每个回送信号请求包含一个网际协议(IP)和 ICMP 头,后面紧跟一个 tim 结构,以及填写这个信息包的足够字节。缺省情况是连续发送回送信号请求,直到接收到中断信号(Ctrl-C)。ping每秒发送一个数据报并且为每个接收到的响应打印一行输出。ping计算信号往返时间和(信息)包丢失情况的统计信息,并且在完成之后显示一个简要总结。ping在程序超时或当接收到SIGINT信号时结束。Host是一个有效的主机名或者是互联网地址。
3.命令参数
-d,使用Socket的SO_DEBUG功能-f,极限检测。大量且快速地传送网络封包到一台机器,查看它的回应
-n,只输出数值
-q,不显示任何传送封包的信息,只显示最后的结果
-r,忽略普通的Routing Table,直接将数据包传送到远端主机上。通常是查看本机的网络接口是否有问题
-R,记录路由过程
-v,详细显示指令的执行过程
-c 数目,在发送指定数目的包后停止
-i 秒数,设定间隔几秒送一个网络封包给一台机器,预设值是一秒送一次
-I 网络界面,使用指定的网络界面送出数据包
-l 前置载入,设置在送出要求信息之前,先行发出的数据包
-p 范本样式,设置填满数据包的范本样式
-s 字节数,指定发送的数据字节数,预设值是56,加上8字节的ICMP头,一共是64ICMP数据字节
-t 存活数值,设置存活数值TTL的大小
4.使用实例
例一:ping通的情况命令:
ping 192.168.120.205
# ping 192.168.120.205 PING 192.168.120.205 (192.168.120.205) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.720 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.181 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.191 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.189 ms --- 192.168.120.205 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.181/0.293/0.720/0.214 ms
例二:ping不通的情况
命令:
ping 192.168.120.202
# ping 192.168.120.202 PING 192.168.120.202 (192.168.120.202) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable --- 192.168.120.202 ping statistics --- 8 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 7005ms , pipe 4
例三:ping网关
命令:
ping -b 192.168.120.1
# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.120.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 10.0.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 default 192.168.120.240 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 # ping -b 192.168.120.1 PING 192.168.120.1 (192.168.120.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.02 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.83 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.68 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.98 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=1.88 ms --- 192.168.120.1 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.682/1.880/2.020/0.129 ms
例四:ping指定的次数
命令:
ping -c 10 192.168.120.206
# ping -c 10 192.168.120.206 PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.25 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.271 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.295 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.253 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.289 ms --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics --- 10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.242/0.367/1.251/0.295 ms
例五:有时间间隔和次数限制的ping
命令:
ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206
# ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206 PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.24 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.255 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.331 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.247 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics --- 10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 4499ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.235/0.362/1.241/0.294 ms # ping -c 10 -i 0.01 192.168.120.206 PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.195 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.219 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.204 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=3.56 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=1.93 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.211 ms --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics --- 10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 90ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.193/0.716/3.564/1.080 ms
例六:通过域名,ping公网上的站点
命令:
ping -c 5 www.58.com
# ping -c 5 www.58.com PING www.58.com (211.151.111.30) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=1 ttl=49 time=14.7 ms 64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=2 ttl=49 time=16.4 ms 64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=3 ttl=49 time=15.2 ms 64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=4 ttl=49 time=14.6 ms 64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=5 ttl=49 time=19.9 ms --- www.58.com ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 20101ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 14.618/16.192/19.917/1.965 ms
例七:多参数使用
命令:
ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206
# ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206 PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 1024(1052) bytes of data. 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.99 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.694 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.481 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.415 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.600 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.411 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.281 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.318 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.362 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=0.408 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.445 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=13 ttl=64 time=0.397 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=14 ttl=64 time=0.406 ms 1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=15 ttl=64 time=0.458 ms --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics --- 15 packets transmitted, 15 received, 0% packet loss, time 41999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.281/0.531/1.993/0.404 ms
说明:-i 3,发送周期为 3秒;-s,设置发送包的大小为1024;-t,设置TTL值为 255。
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