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c#基础系列:序列化效率比拼——谁是最后的赢家Newtonsoft.Json

2017-04-09 10:21 411 查看
前言:作为开发人员,对象的序列化恐怕难以避免。楼主也是很早以前就接触过序列化,可是理解都不太深刻,对于用哪种方式去做序列化更是随波逐流——项目中原来用的什么方式照着用就好了。可是这么多年自己对于这东西还是挺模糊的,今天正好有时间,就将原来用过的几种方式总结了下,也算是做一个记录,顺便做了下性能测试。楼主算了下,从使用序列化到现在,用到的无非下面几种方式:(1)JavaScriptSerializer方式;(2)DataContract方式;(3)Newtonsoft.Json.

1、准备工作:要对这三种方式分别作测试,必须要将相应的内库引用进来。

(1)JavaScriptSerializer这个类是.Net内置的,属于System.Web.Script.Serialization这个命名空间下面。需要引用System.Web.Extensions这个dll。

(2)DataContract方式也是.net内置的,主要使用的DataContractJsonSerializer这个类,属于System.Runtime.Serialization.Json这个命名空间。需要引用System.Runtime.Serialization这个dll。

(3)Newtonsoft.Json是第三方的dll,但是Visual Studio 对它做了很好的支持。使用方式有两种:一种是去网上下载最新的dll,然后添加引用即可;第二种是直接使用NuGet安装这个包。方式如下:

public static List<Person> GetPersons()
{
var lstRes = new List<Person>();
for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++)
{
var oPerson = new Person();

oPerson.Name = "李雷" + i;
oPerson.Age = 20;
oPerson.IsChild = i % 5 == 0 ? true : false;
oPerson.Test1 = "aaaaaa";
oPerson.Test2 = i.ToString() ;
oPerson.Test3 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test4 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test5 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test6 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test7 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test8 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test9 = i.ToString();
oPerson.Test10 = i.ToString();
lstRes.Add(oPerson);
}

return lstRes;
}

public static DataTable GetDataTable()
{
var dt = new DataTable("dt");
dt.Columns.Add("Age", Type.GetType("System.Int32"));
dt.Columns.Add("Name", Type.GetType("System.String"));
dt.Columns.Add("Sex", Type.GetType("System.String"));
dt.Columns.Add("IsChild", Type.GetType("System.Boolean"));
for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
{
DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
dr["Age"] = i + 1;
dr["Name"] = "Name" + i;
dr["Sex"] = i % 2 == 0 ? "男" : "女";
dr["IsChild"] = i % 5 > 0 ? true : false;
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
}

return dt;
}


static void Main(string[] args)
{
#region 强类型对象
var lstRes = GetPersons();
#region JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式
var lstScriptSerializeObj = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp_script = new Stopwatch();
sp_script.Start();
foreach (var oPerson in lstRes)
{
lstScriptSerializeObj.Add(oPerson.ToScriptJsonString<Person>());
}
sp_script.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式序列化" + lstScriptSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp_script.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");

lstRes.Clear();
Stopwatch sp_script1 = new Stopwatch();
sp_script1.Start();
foreach (var oFrameSerializeObj in lstScriptSerializeObj)
{
lstRes.Add(oFrameSerializeObj.ToScriptJsonObject<Person>());
}
sp_script1.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式反序列化" + lstScriptSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp_script1.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion

#region DataContract序列化方式
var lstFrameSerializeObj = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp = new Stopwatch();
sp.Start();
foreach (var oPerson in lstRes)
{
lstFrameSerializeObj.Add(oPerson.ToJsonString<Person>());
}
sp.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("DataContract序列化方式序列化" + lstFrameSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");

lstRes.Clear();
Stopwatch sp1 = new Stopwatch();
sp1.Start();
foreach (var oFrameSerializeObj in lstFrameSerializeObj)
{
lstRes.Add(oFrameSerializeObj.ToJsonObject<Person>());
}
sp1.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("DataContract序列化方式反序列化" + lstFrameSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp1.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion

#region Newtonsoft
var lstNewtonsoftSerialize = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp2 = new Stopwatch();
sp2.Start();
foreach (var oPerson in lstRes)
{
lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Add(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(oPerson));
}
sp2.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Newtonsoft.Json方式序列化" + lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp2.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");

lstRes.Clear();
Stopwatch sp3 = new Stopwatch();
sp3.Start();
foreach (var oNewtonsoft in lstNewtonsoftSerialize)
{
lstRes.Add(JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Person>(oNewtonsoft));
}
sp3.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Newtonsoft.Json方式反序列化" + lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp3.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion
#endregion

#region 弱类型DataTable
/*var dt = GetDataTable();
#region JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式
var lstScriptSerializeObj = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp_script = new Stopwatch();
sp_script.Start();
var strRes = dt.ToScriptJsonString<DataTable>();
sp_script.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式序列化" + lstScriptSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp_script.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");

dt.Clear();
Stopwatch sp_script1 = new Stopwatch();
sp_script1.Start();
dt = strRes.ToScriptJsonObject<DataTable>();
sp_script1.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式反序列化" + lstScriptSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp_script1.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion

#region DataContract序列化方式
var lstFrameSerializeObj = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp = new Stopwatch();
sp.Start();
strRes = dt.ToJsonString<DataTable>();
sp.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("DataContract序列化方式序列化" + lstFrameSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");

dt.Clear();
Stopwatch sp1 = new Stopwatch();
sp1.Start();
dt = strRes.ToJsonObject<DataTable>();
sp1.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("DataContract序列化方式反序列化" + lstFrameSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp1.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion

#region Newtonsoft
var lstNewtonsoftSerialize = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp2 = new Stopwatch();
sp2.Start();
strRes = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dt);
sp2.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Newtonsoft.Json方式序列化" + lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp2.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");

dt.Clear();
Stopwatch sp3 = new Stopwatch();
sp3.Start();
dt = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<DataTable>(strRes);
sp3.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Newtonsoft.Json方式反序列化" + lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp3.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion*/
#endregion

Console.ReadLine();
}


static void Main(string[] args)
{
#region 强类型对象
var lstRes = GetPersons();
#region JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式
var lstScriptSerializeObj = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp_script = new Stopwatch();
sp_script.Start();
foreach (var oPerson in lstRes)
{
lstScriptSerializeObj.Add(oPerson.ToScriptJsonString<Person>());
}
sp_script.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式序列化" + lstScriptSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp_script.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");

lstRes.Clear();
Stopwatch sp_script1 = new Stopwatch();
sp_script1.Start();
foreach (var oFrameSerializeObj in lstScriptSerializeObj)
{
lstRes.Add(oFrameSerializeObj.ToScriptJsonObject<Person>());
}
sp_script1.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式反序列化" + lstScriptSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp_script1.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion

#region DataContract序列化方式
var lstFrameSerializeObj = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp = new Stopwatch();
sp.Start();
foreach (var oPerson in lstRes)
{
lstFrameSerializeObj.Add(oPerson.ToJsonString<Person>());
}
sp.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("DataContract序列化方式序列化" + lstFrameSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");

lstRes.Clear();
Stopwatch sp1 = new Stopwatch();
sp1.Start();
foreach (var oFrameSerializeObj in lstFrameSerializeObj)
{
lstRes.Add(oFrameSerializeObj.ToJsonObject<Person>());
}
sp1.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("DataContract序列化方式反序列化" + lstFrameSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp1.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion

#region Newtonsoft
var lstNewtonsoftSerialize = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp2 = new Stopwatch();
sp2.Start();
foreach (var oPerson in lstRes)
{
lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Add(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(oPerson));
}
sp2.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Newtonsoft.Json方式序列化" + lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp2.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");

lstRes.Clear();
Stopwatch sp3 = new Stopwatch();
sp3.Start();
foreach (var oNewtonsoft in lstNewtonsoftSerialize)
{
lstRes.Add(JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Person>(oNewtonsoft));
}
sp3.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Newtonsoft.Json方式反序列化" + lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp3.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion
#endregion

#region 弱类型DataTable
/*var dt = GetDataTable();
#region JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式
var lstScriptSerializeObj = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp_script = new Stopwatch();
sp_script.Start();
var strRes = dt.ToScriptJsonString<DataTable>();
sp_script.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式序列化" + lstScriptSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp_script.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");

dt.Clear();
Stopwatch sp_script1 = new Stopwatch();
sp_script1.Start();
dt = strRes.ToScriptJsonObject<DataTable>();
sp_script1.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("JavaScriptSerializer序列化方式反序列化" + lstScriptSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp_script1.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion

#region DataContract序列化方式
var lstFrameSerializeObj = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp = new Stopwatch();
sp.Start();
strRes = dt.ToJsonString<DataTable>();
sp.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("DataContract序列化方式序列化" + lstFrameSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");

dt.Clear();
Stopwatch sp1 = new Stopwatch();
sp1.Start();
dt = strRes.ToJsonObject<DataTable>();
sp1.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("DataContract序列化方式反序列化" + lstFrameSerializeObj.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp1.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion

#region Newtonsoft
var lstNewtonsoftSerialize = new List<string>();
Stopwatch sp2 = new Stopwatch();
sp2.Start();
strRes = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dt);
sp2.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Newtonsoft.Json方式序列化" + lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp2.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");

dt.Clear();
Stopwatch sp3 = new Stopwatch();
sp3.Start();
dt = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<DataTable>(strRes);
sp3.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Newtonsoft.Json方式反序列化" + lstNewtonsoftSerialize.Count + "个对象耗时:" + sp3.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒");
#endregion*/
#endregion

Console.ReadLine();
}


4、测试结果:

先说强类型对象的结果:

(1)集合数量100和1000时,序列化和反序列化三种方式差别不大:





(2)当超过10000时,







(3)继续加大数据量





弱类型DataTable的测试结果:

JavaScriptSerializer方式直接报错:



DataContract方式需要提供DataTable的表名,序列化得到是DataTable的Xml



Newtonsoft.Json方式可以实现和Json数据的序列化和反序列化。



5、测试总结:

(1)总的来说,DataContract和Newtonsoft.Json这两种方式效率差别不大,随着数量的增加JavaScriptSerializer的效率相对来说会低些。

(2)对于DataTable的序列化,如果要使用json数据通信,使用Newtonsoft.Json更合适,如果是用xml做持久化,使用DataContract合适。

(3)随着数量的增加JavaScriptSerializer序列化效率越来越低,反序列化和其他两种相差不大。

(4)后来发现当对象的DataTime类型属性不赋值时,DataContract和JavaScriptSerializer这两种方式序列化都会报错,而用Newtonsoft.Json方式可以正常序列化。所以看来在容错方便,还是Newtonsoft.Json比较强。

以上只是楼主自己做的简单测试,可能存在不够严谨的地方,望各位大虾拍砖指正~~
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