Win10上Python3通过pip安装时出现UnicodeDecodeError

我在通过pip安装时遇到了UnicodeDecodeError。

系统是windows10，python版本是3.6.0。

完整的信息如下：

C:\Windows\system32>pip install SQLAlchemy
Collecting SQLAlchemy
Using cached SQLAlchemy-1.1.4.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: SQLAlchemy
Running setup.py install for SQLAlchemy ... error
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\compat\__init__.py", line 73, in console_to_str
return s.decode(sys.__stdout__.encoding)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xb6 in position 34: invalid start byte

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 342, in run
prefix=options.prefix_path,
File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 784, in install
**kwargs
File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 878, in install
spinner=spinner,
File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 676, in call_subprocess
line = console_to_str(proc.stdout.readline())
File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\compat\__init__.py", line 75, in console_to_str
return s.decode('utf_8')
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xb6 in position 34: invalid start byte

我已经试过用“chcp 65001”修改代码页，然而并没有什么效果。也试过“chcp 866”的办法，也没什么效果。

我也查到很多在各种地方用sys.setdefaultencoding的办法，然而我用的是python3啊……

更新：

我在stackoverflow上看到建议修改代码页为437之后，不仅是上面的问题了……还遇到了PermissionError: [WinError 32] 另一个程序正在使用此文件，进程无法访问。

报错信息如下：

C:\Users\59740>pip install SQLAlchemy
Collecting SQLAlchemy
Using cached SQLAlchemy-1.1.4.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: SQLAlchemy
Running setup.py install for SQLAlchemy ... error
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\compat\__init__.py", line 73, in console_to_str
return s.decode(sys.__stdout__.encoding)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xb6 in position 34: invalid start byte

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 342, in run
prefix=options.prefix_path,
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 784, in install
**kwargs
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 878, in install
spinner=spinner,
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 676, in call_subprocess
line = console_to_str(proc.stdout.readline())
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\compat\__init__.py", line 75, in console_to_str
return s.decode('utf_8')
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xb6 in position 34: invalid start byte

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 385, in run
requirement_set.cleanup_files()
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\
4000
local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 729, in cleanup_files
req.remove_temporary_source()
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 977, in remove_temporary_sou
rmtree(self.source_dir)
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 49, in wrapped_f
return Retrying(*dargs, **dkw).call(f, *args, **kw)
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 212, in call
raise attempt.get()
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 247, in get
six.reraise(self.value[0], self.value[1], self.value[2])
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\six.py", line 686, in reraise
raise value
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 200, in call
attempt = Attempt(fn(*args, **kwargs), attempt_number, False)
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 102, in rmtree
onerror=rmtree_errorhandler)
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\shutil.py", line 488, in rmtree
return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror)
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\shutil.py", line 387, in _rmtree_unsafe
onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info())
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 114, in rmtree_errorhandler
func(path)
PermissionError: [WinError 32] 另一个程序正在使用此文件，进程无法访问。: 'C:\\Users\\59740\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-1djzmudb\\SQLAlchemy'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 385, in run
requirement_set.cleanup_files()
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\build.py", line 38, in __exit__
self.cleanup()
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\build.py", line 42, in cleanup
rmtree(self.name)
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 49, in wrapped_f
return Retrying(*dargs, **dkw).call(f, *args, **kw)
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 212, in call
raise attempt.get()
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 247, in get
six.reraise(self.value[0], self.value[1], self.value[2])
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\six.py", line 686, in reraise
raise value
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 200, in call
attempt = Attempt(fn(*args, **kwargs), attempt_number, False)
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 102, in rmtree
onerror=rmtree_errorhandler)
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\shutil.py", line 488, in rmtree
return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror)
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\shutil.py", line 378, in _rmtree_unsafe
_rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\shutil.py", line 387, in _rmtree_unsafe
onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info())
File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 114, in rmtree_errorhandler
func(path)
PermissionError: [WinError 32] 另一个程序正在使用此文件，进程无法访问。: 'C:\\Users\\59740\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-1djzmudb\\SQLAlchemy'

解决方法：

打开

c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\compat\__init__.py

约75行

return s.decode('utf_8')

改为

return s.decode('cp936')

原因：

编码问题，虽然py3统一用utf-8了。但win下的终端显示用的还是gbk编码。