常用Linux操作命令

# --------------------- Linux basic ------------------------------

# file name: linux_basic
# author   :
# date     : 2014-3-25
# contact  : QQ :
#            email :
# summary  : Linux basic command operation

# -------------------- Linux basic -------------------------------

# ------ generic symbol ------------------------------------------
/             : root directory
~             : usr directory
./            : current directory path
..            : up directory path
!cmd          : invoke last command
&             : run job in background

# --- create a linux user and group -----------------------------
adduser user_name : you must have root privilege
passwd user_name  : set the password for the user
su user_name      : change user account and need the user password
whoami            : display the user name

# ------ file operation -----------------------------------------
man cmd       : manual and input "q" to quit man command

ls            : list the directory and files
ls -a         : list all includes hidden directory and files
ls -l         : format list
ll -a         : format list

cd            : change directory to the /home/user
cd ~          : ~ means the /home/user directory
cd dir_path   : go to the dir_path directory

pwd           : present working directory

mkdir dir     : create a directory
touch file    : create a file
vi file       : vi editor
gvim file     : gvim editor

chmod 777 dir                    : change r/w/x property
chmod a+x file                   : file will be executed by all
chmod [ugoa]+[rwx] file|dir
chown user:group files|directory : change file owner and group
chgrp gourp_name files           : change file group

cat  file     : look at the file context on terminal
more file     : view the file
less file     : view the file like gvim or vi

cp -f file1 file2      : copy file1 to file2
cp -r dir1 dir2        : copy directory recursively

mv file1 dir|file2     : move (or rename) file1 to file2

wc file                : count lines words and characters
wc -w file             : count word of file
wc -l file             : count line

rm file                : remove file
rm -r dir              : remove dir* (recursive)
rm -f file             : enforced to remove file (force)
rm -rf dir             : enforced to remove dir*

ln -s file link: create a symbolic link to file

grep pattern file      : search pattern matched in file
grep error sim.log     :
grep -r pattern dir    : search pattern incursively in directory

find / -name file_name : search the file from / directory
find /etc -name '*con*':
find / -size +100M :

#------ pack files -------------------------------
tar -cvf file.tar files         : create a tar file
tar -xvf file.tar               : extract a tar file
tar -czvf file.tar.gz files     : create a gzip file
tar -xzvf file.tar.gz
tar -cjvf file.tar.bz2 files    : create a bzip2 file
tar -xjvf file.tar.bz2

gzip file                       : create a file.gz file
gzip -d file.gz                 :

# ------ install rpm package ---------------------
rpm -qa           : query all installed RPM packages
rpm -ivh RPM.rpm  : install RPM package

./configure
make
make install

grep ERROR cmp.log > error.log
grep ERROR sim.log >> error.log
cat > file : sample the standard input and put them into the file

cmd | grep pattern  : search pattern in cmd output
rpm -qa | grep vim
cat /etc/passwd | grep /bin/bash | wc -l
man ls | col -b > ls_man.txt
grep ERROR sim.log | tee -a error.log

#------ process manage -------------------------
ps           : display the current active process
top          : display all process of the OS
kill pid     : stop the pid process
killall proc : stop all of the proc process
bg           : list the suspended job in background
fg           : resume the last suspended job in foreground

#------ system info ----------------------------
date          : display system time
date +%Y%m%d
date +%s
date +%N

cal           : display calendar
uptime        :
w             : display who logon and what are doing
whoami 				: print effective userid
uname -a      : display all OS system info

which cmd     : show the full path of the cmd
su root|usr   : change the usr
exit          : usr shell quit
echo $PATH    : show the variable
clear         : clear the info on the terminal
history       : show the command history
!cmd          : invoke the last cmd
make          : invoke Makefile
make clean; make cpl; make sim  :

cat /proc/cpuinfo : show CUP information
cat /proc/meminfo : show memory information

df : report file system disk space usage
du -b|k|m file|dir: estimate file space usage
du -s file|dir    : summary
du -sm file|dir

# ------ network info --------------------------
ping host|IP   : ping IP address and print the result
hostname      : display system host name
ifconfig -a   : configure the network

# ------ hot key -------------------------------
ctrl + c  : stop the current command
ctrl + z  : suspend the job and put it into background
'fg' can be used to resume the job
free the license and take it soon
ctrl + d  : display directoy in cd command