FFMPEG 最简滤镜filter使用实例（实现视频缩放，裁剪，水印等）

    FFMPEG官网给出了FFMPEG 滤镜使用的实例，它是将视频中的像素点替换成字符，然后从终端输出。我在该实例的基础上稍微的做了修改，使它能够保存滤镜处理过后的文件。在上代码之前先明白几个概念：

    Filter:代表单个filter 
    FilterPad:代表一个filter的输入或输出端口，每个filter都可以有多个输入和多个输出，只有输出pad的filter称为source,只有输入pad的filter称为sink 
    FilterLink：若一个filter的输出pad和另一个filter的输入pad名字相同，即认为两个filter之间建立了link 
    FilterChain:代表一串相互连接的filters，除了source和sink外，要求每个filter的输入输出pad都有对应的输出和输入pad 

经典示例：



    图中的一系列操作共使用了四个filter，分别是 

    splite：将输入的流进行分裂复制，分两路输出。 

    crop：根据给定的参数，对视频进行裁剪 

    vflip：根据给定参数，对视频进行翻转等操作 

    overlay：将一路输入覆盖到另一路之上，合并输出为一路视频 

下面上代码：

/*=============================================================================
#     FileName: filter_video.c
#         Desc: an example of ffmpeg fileter
#       Author: licaibiao
#   LastChange: 2017-03-16
=============================================================================*/
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* for usleep */
#include <unistd.h>

#include "avcodec.h"
#include "avformat.h"
#include "avfiltergraph.h"
#include "avcodec.h"
#include "buffersink.h"
#include "buffersrc.h"
#include "opt.h"

#define SAVE_FILE

const char *filter_descr = "scale=iw*2:ih*2";
static AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx;
static AVCodecContext *dec_ctx;
AVFilterContext *buffersink_ctx;
AVFilterContext *buffersrc_ctx;
AVFilterGraph *filter_graph;
static int video_stream_index = -1;
static int64_t last_pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;

static int open_input_file(const char *filename)
{
int ret;
AVCodec *dec;

if ((ret = avformat_open_input(&fmt_ctx, filename, NULL, NULL)) < 0) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot open input file\n");
return ret;
}

if ((ret = avformat_find_stream_info(fmt_ctx, NULL)) < 0) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot find stream information\n");
return ret;
}

/* select the video stream  判断流是否正常 */
ret = av_find_best_stream(fmt_ctx, AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO, -1, -1, &dec, 0);
if (ret < 0) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot find a video stream in the input file\n");
return ret;
}
video_stream_index = ret;
dec_ctx = fmt_ctx->streams[video_stream_index]->codec;
av_opt_set_int(dec_ctx, "refcounted_frames", 1, 0); /* refcounted_frames 帧引用计数 */

/* init the video decoder */
if ((ret = avcodec_open2(dec_ctx, dec, NULL)) < 0) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot open video decoder\n");
return ret;
}

return 0;
}

static int init_filters(const char *filters_descr)
{
char args[512];
int ret = 0;
AVFilter *buffersrc  = avfilter_get_by_name("buffer");     /* 输入buffer filter */
AVFilter *buffersink = avfilter_get_by_name("buffersink"); /* 输出buffer filter */
AVFilterInOut *outputs = avfilter_inout_alloc();
AVFilterInOut *inputs  = avfilter_inout_alloc();
AVRational time_base = fmt_ctx->streams[video_stream_index]->time_base;   /* 时间基数 */

#ifndef SAVE_FILE
enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmts[] = { AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY8, AV_PIX_FMT_NONE };
#else
enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmts[] = { AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, AV_PIX_FMT_NONE };
#endif

filter_graph = avfilter_graph_alloc();                     /* 创建graph  */
if (!outputs || !inputs || !filter_graph) {
ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
goto end;
}

/* buffer video source: the decoded frames from the decoder will be inserted here. */
snprintf(args, sizeof(args),
"video_size=%dx%d:pix_fmt=%d:time_base=%d/%d:pixel_aspect=%d/%d",
dec_ctx->width, dec_ctx->height, dec_ctx->pix_fmt,
time_base.num, time_base.den,
dec_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio.num, dec_ctx->sample_aspect_ratio.den);

/* 创建并向FilterGraph中添加一个Filter */
ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&buffersrc_ctx, buffersrc, "in",
args, NULL, filter_graph);
if (ret < 0) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot create buffer source\n");
goto end;
}

/* buffer video sink: to terminate the filter chain. */
ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&buffersink_ctx, buffersink, "out",
NULL, NULL, filter_graph);
if (ret < 0) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot create buffer sink\n");
goto end;
}

/* Set a binary option to an integer list. */
ret = av_opt_set_int_list(buffersink_ctx, "pix_fmts", pix_fmts,
AV_PIX_FMT_NONE, AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN);
if (ret < 0) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot set output pixel format\n");
goto end;
}

/*
* Set the endpoints for the filter graph. The filter_graph will
* be linked to the graph described by filters_descr.
*/

/*
* The buffer source output must be connected to the input pad of
* the first filter described by filters_descr; since the first
* filter input label is not specified, it is set to "in" by
* default.
*/
outputs->name       = av_strdup("in");
outputs->filter_ctx = buffersrc_ctx;
outputs->pad_idx    = 0;
outputs->next       = NULL;

/*
* The buffer sink input must be connected to the output pad of
* the last filter described by filters_descr; since the last
* filter output label is not specified, it is set to "out" by
* default.
*/
inputs->name       = av_strdup("out");
inputs->filter_ctx = buffersink_ctx;
inputs->pad_idx    = 0;
inputs->next       = NULL;

/* Add a graph described by a string to a graph */
if ((ret = avfilter_graph_parse_ptr(filter_graph, filters_descr,
&inputs, &outputs, NULL)) < 0)
goto end;

/* Check validity and configure all the links and formats in the graph */
if ((ret = avfilter_graph_config(filter_graph, NULL)) < 0)
goto end;

end:
avfilter_inout_free(&inputs);
avfilter_inout_free(&outputs);

return ret;
}

#ifndef SAVE_FILE
static void display_frame(const AVFrame *frame, AVRational time_base)
{
int x, y;
uint8_t *p0, *p;
int64_t delay;

if (frame->pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
if (last_pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
/* sleep roughly the right amount of time;
* usleep is in microseconds, just like AV_TIME_BASE. */
/* 计算 pts 是用来把时间戳从一个时基调整到另外一个时基时候用的函数 */
delay = av_rescale_q(frame->pts - last_pts,
time_base, AV_TIME_BASE_Q);
if (delay > 0 && delay < 1000000)
usleep(delay);
}
last_pts = frame->pts;
}

/* Trivial ASCII grayscale display. */
p0 = frame->data[0];
puts("\033c");
for (y = 0; y < frame->height; y++) {
p = p0;
for (x = 0; x < frame->width; x++)
putchar(" .-+#"[*(p++) / 52]);
putchar('\n');
p0 += frame->linesize[0];
}
fflush(stdout);
}
#else
FILE * file_fd;
static void write_frame(const AVFrame *frame)
{
static int printf_flag = 0;
if(!printf_flag){
printf_flag = 1;
printf("frame widht=%d,frame height=%d\n",frame->width,frame->height);

if(frame->format==AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P){
printf("format is yuv420p\n");
}
else{
printf("formet is = %d \n",frame->format);
}

}

fwrite(frame->data[0],1,frame->width*frame->height,file_fd);
fwrite(frame->data[1],1,frame->width/2*frame->height/2,file_fd);
fwrite(frame->data[2],1,frame->width/2*frame->height/2,file_fd);
}

#endif

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int ret;
AVPacket packet;
AVFrame *frame = av_frame_alloc();
AVFrame *filt_frame = av_frame_alloc();
int got_frame;

#ifdef SAVE_FILE
file_fd = fopen("test.yuv","wb+");
#endif

if (!frame || !filt_frame) {
perror("Could not allocate frame");
exit(1);
}
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s file\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}

av_register_all();
avfilter_register_all();

if ((ret = open_input_file(argv[1])) < 0)
goto end;
if ((ret = init_filters(filter_descr)) < 0)
goto end;

/* read all packets */
while (1) {
if ((ret = av_read_frame(fmt_ctx, &packet)) < 0)
break;

if (packet.stream_index == video_stream_index) {
got_frame = 0;
ret = avcodec_decode_video2(dec_ctx, frame, &got_frame, &packet);
if (ret < 0) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error decoding video\n");
break;
}

if (got_frame) {
frame->pts = av_frame_get_best_effort_timestamp(frame);    /* pts: Presentation Time Stamp */

/* push the decoded frame into the filtergraph */
if (av_buffersrc_add_frame_flags(buffersrc_ctx, frame, AV_BUFFERSRC_FLAG_KEEP_REF) < 0) {
av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error while feeding the filtergraph\n");
break;
}

/* pull filtered frames from the filtergraph */
while (1) {
ret = av_buffersink_get_frame(buffersink_ctx, filt_frame);
if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)
break;
if (ret < 0)
goto end;
#ifndef SAVE_FILE
display_frame(filt_frame, buffersink_ctx->inputs[0]->time_base);
#else
write_frame(filt_frame);
#endif
av_frame_unref(filt_frame);
}
/* Unreference all the buffers referenced by frame and reset the frame fields. */
av_frame_unref(frame);
}
}
av_packet_unref(&packet);
}
end:
avfilter_graph_free(&filter_graph);
avcodec_close(dec_ctx);
avformat_close_input(&fmt_ctx);
av_frame_free(&frame);
av_frame_free(&filt_frame);

if (ret < 0 && ret != AVERROR_EOF) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error occurred: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
exit(1);
}
#ifdef SAVE_FILE
fclose(file_fd);
#endif
exit(0);
}

该工程中，我的Makefile文件如下：

OUT_APP		 = test
INCLUDE_PATH = /usr/local/include/
INCLUDE = -I$(INCLUDE_PATH)libavutil/ -I$(INCLUDE_PATH)libavdevice/ \
-I$(INCLUDE_PATH)libavcodec/ -I$(INCLUDE_PATH)libswresample \
-I$(INCLUDE_PATH)libavfilter/ -I$(INCLUDE_PATH)libavformat \
-I$(INCLUDE_PATH)libswscale/

FFMPEG_LIBS = -lavformat -lavutil -lavdevice -lavcodec -lswresample -lavfilter -lswscale
SDL_LIBS	=
LIBS		= $(FFMPEG_LIBS)$(SDL_LIBS)

COMPILE_OPTS = $(INCLUDE)
C 			 = c
OBJ 		 = o
C_COMPILER   = cc
C_FLAGS 	 = $(COMPILE_OPTS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)

LINK 		 = cc -o
LINK_OPTS    = -lz -lm  -lpthread
LINK_OBJ	 = test.o

.$(C).$(OBJ):
$(C_COMPILER) -c $(C_FLAGS) $<

$(OUT_APP): $(LINK_OBJ)
$(LINK)$@  $(LINK_OBJ)  $(LIBS) $(LINK_OPTS)

clean:
-rm -rf *.$(OBJ) $(OUT_APP) core *.core *~ *yuv

运行结果如下：

licaibiao@ubuntu:~/test/FFMPEG/filter$ ls
Makefile  school.flv  test  test.c  test.o
licaibiao@ubuntu:~/test/FFMPEG/filter$ ./test school.flv
[flv @ 0x12c16c0] video stream discovered after head already parsed
[flv @ 0x12c16c0] audio stream discovered after head already parsed
frame widht=1024,frame height=576
format is yuv420p
licaibiao@ubuntu:~/test/FFMPEG/filter$ ls
Makefile  school.flv  test  test.c  test.o  test.yuv

    在这里，我打印出来了输出视频的格式和图片的长和宽，该实例生成的是一个YUV420 格式的视频，使用YUV播放器播放视频的时候，需要设置正确的视频长度和宽度。在代码中通过设置enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmts[] = { AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, AV_PIX_FMT_NONE };来设置输出格式。

    过滤器的参数设置是通过const char *filter_descr = "scale=iw*2:ih*2"; 来设置。它表示将视频的长和框都拉伸到原来的两倍。具体的filter参数可以通过命令：ffmpeg -filters 来查询。结果如下：

Filters:
T.. = Timeline support
.S. = Slice threading
..C = Command support
A = Audio input/output
V = Video input/output
N = Dynamic number and/or type of input/output
| = Source or sink filter
... abench            A->A       Benchmark part of a filtergraph.
... acompressor       A->A       Audio compressor.
... acrossfade        AA->A      Cross fade two input audio streams.
... acrusher          A->A       Reduce audio bit resolution.
.............................................................................

    在上面的代码中，我们设置的是将图片拉升到原来图像的两倍，其显示效果如下，可能是截图的问题，这里看好像没有拉伸到两倍。



原图



拉伸后

在上面的代码中，我们设置的是：

    const char *filter_descr = "scale=iw*2:ih*2";   iw 表示输入视频的宽，ih表示输入视频的高。可以任意比例的缩放视频。这里*2 表示放大两倍,如果是/2表示缩小两倍。

视频缩放还可以直接设置：

     const char *filter_descr = "scale=320:240"; 设置视频输出宽为320，高位240，当然也是可以随意的设置其他的参数。

视频的裁剪可以设置为：

    const char *filter_descr = "crop=320:240:0:0";   具体含义是 crop=width:height:x:y，其中 width 和 height 表示裁剪后的尺寸，x:y 表示裁剪区域的左上角坐标。

  

视频添加一个网格水印可以设置为：

    const char *filter_descr = "drawgrid=width=100:height=100:thickness=2:color=red@0.5";    具体含义是 width 和 height 表示添加网格的宽和高，thickness表示网格的线宽，color表示颜色 。其效果如下：



    更多filter参数的使用，可以直接参考ffmpeg 的官方文档：http://www.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html