归档模式下-丢失非关键数据文件
2017-02-22 16:17
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1.确保数据库备份有效
确保数据库运行在归档模式
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u02/arch
Oldest online log sequence 1
Next log sequence to archive 1
Current log sequence 1
[oracle@oel u03]$ ./hot_bak.sh
2.使用SCOTT创建测试表
[oracle@oel u03]$ sqlplus scott/tiger
SQL> create table test as select * from emp where deptno=30;
Table created.
SQL> select * from test;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
6 rows selected.
3.检查数据库状态，并推进一下数据库的SCN，切换一些日志，模拟过了很长时间，数据库执行了很多操作
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> @/home/oracle/q_log
GROUP# SEQUENCE# FILENAME FILESTA GROUPSTAT ARC
------ --------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------- ---
1 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log CURRENT NO
2 0 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log UNUSED YES
3 0 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log UNUSED YES
SQL> select current_Scn from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN
-----------
2754587
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf 2754456
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf 2754456
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL> @/home/oracle/q_log
GROUP# SEQUENCE# FILENAME FILESTA GROUPSTAT ARC
------ --------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------- ---
1 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log ACTIVE YES
2 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log CURRENT NO
3 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log ACTIVE YES
SQL> @/home/oracle/q_log
GROUP# SEQUENCE# FILENAME FILESTA GROUPSTAT ARC
------ --------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------- ---
1 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log ACTIVE YES
2 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log CURRENT NO
3 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log ACTIVE YES
SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name from dba_tables where table_name='TEST' and owner='SCOTT';
TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
TEST USERS
SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name,file_id from dba_data_files
2 where tablespace_name='USERS';
FILE_NAME
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_ID
------------------------------ ----------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
USERS 4
4.模拟故障，删除USERS表空间对应的数据文件，使用SCOTT再次查询发现错误
SQL> !rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;
System altered.
SQL> alter system flush shared_pool;
System altered.
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
SQL> select * from test;
select * from test
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 4
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
5.执行恢复
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter database datafile 4 offline;
Database altered.
SQL> !cp /u03/hot_bak/users01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/
检查当前控制文件中的检查点信息，以及各数据文件头的检查点信息
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf 2754635
发现从备份中复制回来的数据文件，文件头中记录的检查点信息较旧
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf 2754635
无法对该文件正常的online
SQL> alter database datafile 4 online;
alter database datafile 4 online
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 4 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
针对 该文件单独进行恢复
SQL> recover datafile 4;
ORA-00279: change 2754456 generated at 05/20/2016 09:40:33 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u02/arch/1_1_912326240.dbf
ORA-00280: change 2754456 for thread 1 is in sequence #1
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: change 2754614 generated at 05/20/2016 09:43:58 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u02/arch/1_2_912326240.dbf
ORA-00280: change 2754614 for thread 1 is in sequence #2
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
再次检查控制文件及数据文件头中记录的检查点信息，发现USERS表空间对应的数据文件的检查点信息已经被更新
不再比其它数据文件旧了
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 2754848
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf 2754635
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 2754848
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf 2754635
SQL> select current_scn from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN
-----------
2755093
对该文件执行ONLINE操作
SQL> alter database datafile 4 online;
Database altered.
使用SCOTT进行验证，发现表没有丢，完全恢复
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
SQL> select * from test;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
6 rows selected.
确保数据库运行在归档模式
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u02/arch
Oldest online log sequence 1
Next log sequence to archive 1
Current log sequence 1
[oracle@oel u03]$ ./hot_bak.sh
2.使用SCOTT创建测试表
[oracle@oel u03]$ sqlplus scott/tiger
SQL> create table test as select * from emp where deptno=30;
Table created.
SQL> select * from test;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
6 rows selected.
3.检查数据库状态，并推进一下数据库的SCN，切换一些日志，模拟过了很长时间，数据库执行了很多操作
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> @/home/oracle/q_log
GROUP# SEQUENCE# FILENAME FILESTA GROUPSTAT ARC
------ --------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------- ---
1 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log CURRENT NO
2 0 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log UNUSED YES
3 0 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log UNUSED YES
SQL> select current_Scn from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN
-----------
2754587
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf 2754456
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf 2754456
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL> @/home/oracle/q_log
GROUP# SEQUENCE# FILENAME FILESTA GROUPSTAT ARC
------ --------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------- ---
1 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log ACTIVE YES
2 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log CURRENT NO
3 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log ACTIVE YES
SQL> @/home/oracle/q_log
GROUP# SEQUENCE# FILENAME FILESTA GROUPSTAT ARC
------ --------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ---------- ---
1 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log ACTIVE YES
2 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log CURRENT NO
3 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log ACTIVE YES
SQL> select table_name,tablespace_name from dba_tables where table_name='TEST' and owner='SCOTT';
TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
TEST USERS
SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name,file_id from dba_data_files
2 where tablespace_name='USERS';
FILE_NAME
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_ID
------------------------------ ----------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
USERS 4
4.模拟故障，删除USERS表空间对应的数据文件，使用SCOTT再次查询发现错误
SQL> !rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;
System altered.
SQL> alter system flush shared_pool;
System altered.
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
SQL> select * from test;
select * from test
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 4
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
5.执行恢复
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter database datafile 4 offline;
Database altered.
SQL> !cp /u03/hot_bak/users01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/
检查当前控制文件中的检查点信息，以及各数据文件头的检查点信息
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf 2754635
发现从备份中复制回来的数据文件，文件头中记录的检查点信息较旧
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 2754456
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf 2754635
无法对该文件正常的online
SQL> alter database datafile 4 online;
alter database datafile 4 online
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 4 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
针对 该文件单独进行恢复
SQL> recover datafile 4;
ORA-00279: change 2754456 generated at 05/20/2016 09:40:33 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u02/arch/1_1_912326240.dbf
ORA-00280: change 2754456 for thread 1 is in sequence #1
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: change 2754614 generated at 05/20/2016 09:43:58 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u02/arch/1_2_912326240.dbf
ORA-00280: change 2754614 for thread 1 is in sequence #2
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
再次检查控制文件及数据文件头中记录的检查点信息，发现USERS表空间对应的数据文件的检查点信息已经被更新
不再比其它数据文件旧了
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 2754848
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf 2754635
SQL> select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;
NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 2754635
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 2754848
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf 2754635
SQL> select current_scn from v$database;
CURRENT_SCN
-----------
2755093
对该文件执行ONLINE操作
SQL> alter database datafile 4 online;
Database altered.
使用SCOTT进行验证，发现表没有丢，完全恢复
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
SQL> select * from test;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30
6 rows selected.
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