python3使用builtwith识别网站使用相关技术

1. 首先通过pip install builtwith安装builtwith

C:\Users\Administrator>pip install builtwith
Collecting builtwith
Downloading builtwith-1.3.2.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: builtwith
Running setup.py install for builtwith ... done
Successfully installed builtwith-1.3.2

2. 在pycharm中新建工程并输入下面测试代码

import builtwith
tech_used = builtwith.parse('http://www.baidu.com')
print(tech_used)

运行会得到下面的错误：

C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 1, in <module>
import builtwith
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 43
except Exception, e:
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

Process finished with exit code 1

原因是builtwith是基于2.x版本的，需要修改几个地方，在pycharm出错信息中双击出错文件，进行修改，主要修改下面三种：

1. Python2中的 “Exception ,e”的写法已经不支持，需要修改为“Exception as e”。

2. Python2中print后的表达式在Python3中都需要用括号括起来。

3. builtwith中使用的是Python2中的urllib2工具包，这个工具包在Python3中是不存在的，需要修改urllib2相关的代码。

1和2容易修改，下面主要针对第3点进行修改：

首先将import urllib2替换为下面的代码：

import urllib.request
import urllib.error

然后将urllib2的相关方法替换如下：

request = urllib.request.Request(url, None, {'User-Agent': user_agent})
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)

再次运行项目，遇到下面错误：

C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 3, in <module>
builtwith.parse('http://www.baidu.com')
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 62, in builtwith
if contains(html, snippet):
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 105, in contains
return re.compile(regex.split('\\;')[0], flags=re.IGNORECASE).search(v)
TypeError: cannot use a string pattern on a bytes-like object

Process finished with exit code 1

  

这是因为urllib返回的数据格式已经发生了改变，需要进行转码，将下面的代码：

if html is None:
html = response.read()

修改为

if html is None:
html = response.read()
html = html.decode('utf-8')

再次运行得到最终结果如下：

C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
{'javascript-frameworks': ['jQuery']}

Process finished with exit code 0

但是如果把网站换成 'www.163.com'，运行再次报错如下：

C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
Error: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xcd in position 500: invalid continuation byte
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 2, in <module>
tech_used = builtwith.parse('http://www.163.com')
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 63, in builtwith
if contains(html, snippet):
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 106, in contains
return re.compile(regex.split('\\;')[0], flags=re.IGNORECASE).search(v)
TypeError: cannot use a string pattern on a bytes-like object

Process finished with exit code 1

似乎还是编码的问题，将编码设置成 ‘GBK’，运行成功如下：

C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy
{'web-servers': ['Nginx']}

Process finished with exit code 0

所以不同的网站需要用不同的解码方式么？下面介绍一种判别网站编码格式的方法。

我们需要安装一个叫chardet的工具包，如下：

C:\Users\Administrator>pip install chardet
Collecting chardet
Downloading chardet-2.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (180kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 184kB 616kB/s
Installing collected packages: chardet
Successfully installed chardet-2.3.0

C:\Users\Administrator>

将byte数据传入chardet的detect方法后会得到一个Dict，里面有两个值，一个是置信值，一个是编码方式

{'encoding': 'utf-8', 'confidence': 0.99}

将builtwith对应的代码做下面修改：

encode_type = chardet.detect(html)
if encode_type['encoding'] == 'utf-8':
html = html.decode('utf-8')
else:
html = html.decode('gbk')

记得 import chardet！！！！

加入chardet判断字符编码的方式后，就能适配网站了~~~~