使用 python 获取 Linux 的 IP 信息(通过 ifconfig 命令)

我们可以使用 python 代码通过调用 ifconfig 命令来获取 Linux 主机的 IP 相关信息，包括：网卡名称、MAC地址、IP地址等。

第一种实现方式：

#!/usr/bin/python
#encoding: utf-8

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE

def getIfconfig():
p = Popen(['ifconfig'], stdout = PIPE)
data = p.stdout.read().split('\n\n')
return [i for i in data if i and not i.startswith('lo')]

def parseIfconfig(data):
dic = {}
for devs in data:
lines = devs.split('\n')
devname = lines[0].split()[0]
macaddr = lines[0].split()[-1]
ipaddr  = lines[1].split()[1].split(':')[1]
dic[devname] = [ipaddr, macaddr]
return dic

if __name__ == '__main__':
data = getIfconfig()
print parseIfconfig(data)

第二种实现方式：

#!/usr/bin/python
#encoding: utf-8

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE

def getIP():
p = Popen(['ifconfig'], stdout = PIPE, stderr = PIPE)
stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
data = [i for i in stdout.split('\n') if i]
return data

def genIP(data):
new_line = ''
lines = []
for line in data:
if line[0].strip():
lines.append(new_line)
new_line = line + '\n'
else:
new_line += line + '\n'
lines.append(new_line)
return [i for i in lines if i and not i.startswith('lo')]

def parseIP(data):
dic = {}
for devs in data:
lines = devs.split('\n')
devname = lines[0].split()[0]
macaddr = lines[0].split()[-1]
ipaddr  = lines[1].split()[1].split(':')[1]
dic[devname] = [ipaddr, macaddr]
return dic

if __name__ == '__main__':
data = getIP()
nics = genIP(data)
print parseIP(nics)

第三种方式实现(正则表达式)：

#!/usr/bin/python
#encoding: utf-8

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import re

def getIfconfig():
p = Popen(['ifconfig'], stdout = PIPE)
data = p.stdout.read().split('\n\n')
return [i for i in data if i and not i.startswith('lo')]

def parseIfconfig(data):
dic = {}
# re.M 多行模式，改变'^'和'$'的行为
for line in data:
re_devname = re.compile(r'(\w+).*Link encap', re.M)
re_macaddr = re.compile(r'HWaddr\s([0-9A-F:]{17})', re.M)
re_ipaddr  = re.compile(r'inet addr:([\d\.]{7,15})', re.M)
devname  = re_devname.search(line)
mac      = re_macaddr.search(line)
ip       = re_ipaddr.search(line)
if devname:
devname = devname.group(1)
else:
devname = ''

if mac:
mac = mac.group(1)
else:
mac = ''

if ip:
ip = ip.group(1)
else:
ip = ''
dic[devname] = [mac, ip]
return dic

if __name__ == '__main__':
data = getIfconfig()
print parseIfconfig(data)

实验结果：

{'eth1': ['00:0C:29:18:1C:7F', '172.16.254.8'], 'eth0': ['00:0C:29:18:1C:75', '192.168.0.8']}