基于zxing生成与解析二维码、条形码

基于zxing( https://github.com/zxing/zxing )与maven,针对二维码（包括带图片的二维码）、条形码进行了简单的封装，以便在项目中更好的利用。

ZXing是一个开源Java类库用于解析多种格式的1D/2D条形码。目标是能够对QR编码、Data Matrix、UPC的1D条形码进行解码。 其提供了多种平台下的客户端包括：J2ME、J2SE和Android

关于二维码的生成细节与原理，请参考： http://coolshell.cn/articles/10590.html

package com.qrcode;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.AffineTransformOp;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.Result;
import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.BufferedImageLuminanceSource;
import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.MatrixToImageWriter;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;

public class PRUtil {
// 图片宽度的一般
private static final int IMAGE_WIDTH = 80;
private static final int IMAGE_HEIGHT = 80;
private static final int IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH = IMAGE_WIDTH / 2;
private static final int FRAME_WIDTH = 2;

/**
* 生成普通二维码
*
* @param contents
* @param width
* @param height
* @param imgPath
*/
public static void encodePR(String contents, int width, int height, String imgPath) {
Map<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<EncodeHintType, Object>();
// 指定纠错等级
hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.L);
// 指定编码格式
hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "GBK");
try {
BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(contents,
BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height, hints);
MatrixToImageWriter.writeToStream(bitMatrix, "jpg",
new FileOutputStream(imgPath));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

/**
* 生成带图片的二维码
*
* @param content
* @param width
* @param height
* @param srcImagePath
* @param destImagePath
*/
public static void encodePR(String content, int width, int height,
String srcImagePath, String destImagePath) {
try {
ImageIO.write(genBarcode(content, width, height, srcImagePath),
"jpg", new File(destImagePath));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (WriterException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

/**
* 针对二维码进行解析
*
* @param imgPath
* @return
*/
public static String decodePR(String imgPath) {
BufferedImage image = null;
Result result = null;
try {
image = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
if (image == null) {
System.out.println("the decode image may be not exists.");
}
LuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image);
BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));

Map<DecodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<DecodeHintType, Object>();
hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "GBK");

result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
return result.getText();

} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}

/**
* 创建条形码
*
* @param contents
* @param width
* @param height
* @param imgPath
*/
public static void encodeBar(String contents, int width, int height, String imgPath) {
// 条形码的最小宽度
int codeWidth = 98;
codeWidth = Math.max(codeWidth, width);
try {
BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(contents,
BarcodeFormat.EAN_13, codeWidth, height, null);

MatrixToImageWriter.writeToStream(bitMatrix, "png",
new FileOutputStream(imgPath));

} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

/**
* 针对条形码进行解析
*
* @param imgPath
* @return
*/
public static String decodeBar(String imgPath) {
BufferedImage image = null;
Result result = null;
try {
image = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
if (image == null) {
System.out.println("the decode image may be not exit.");
}
LuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image);
BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));

result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, null);
return result.getText();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}

/**
* 把传入的原始图像按高度和宽度进行缩放，生成符合要求的图标
*
* @param srcImageFile 源文件地址
* @param height 目标高度
* @param width 目标宽度
* @param hasFiller 比例不对时是否需要补白：true为补白; false为不补白;
* @throws IOException
*/
private static BufferedImage scale(String srcImageFile, int height, int width,
boolean hasFiller) throws IOException {
double ratio = 0.0; // 缩放比例
File file = new File(srcImageFile);
BufferedImage srcImage = ImageIO.read(file);
Image destImage = srcImage.getScaledInstance(width, height,
BufferedImage.SCALE_SMOOTH);
// 计算比例
if ((srcImage.getHeight() > height) || (srcImage.getWidth() > width)) {
if (srcImage.getHeight() > srcImage.getWidth()) {
ratio = (new Integer(height)).doubleValue()
/ srcImage.getHeight();
} else {
ratio = (new Integer(width)).doubleValue()
/ srcImage.getWidth();
}
AffineTransformOp op = new AffineTransformOp(
AffineTransform.getScaleInstance(ratio, ratio), null);
destImage = op.filter(srcImage, null);
}
if (hasFiller) {// 补白
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics2D graphic = image.createGraphics();
graphic.setColor(Color.white);
graphic.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
if (width == destImage.getWidth(null))
graphic.drawImage(destImage, 0,
(height - destImage.getHeight(null)) / 2,
destImage.getWidth(null), destImage.getHeight(null),
Color.white, null);
else
graphic.drawImage(destImage,
(width - destImage.getWidth(null)) / 2, 0,
destImage.getWidth(null), destImage.getHeight(null),
Color.white, null);
graphic.dispose();
destImage = image;
}
return (BufferedImage) destImage;
}

/**
* 产生带有图片的二维码缓冲图像
* @param content
* @param width
* @param height
* @param srcImagePath
* @return
* @throws WriterException
* @throws IOException
*/
private static BufferedImage genBarcode(String content, int width, int height,
String srcImagePath) throws WriterException, IOException {
// 读取源图像
BufferedImage scaleImage = scale(srcImagePath, IMAGE_WIDTH,
IMAGE_HEIGHT, true);
int[][] srcPixels = new int[IMAGE_WIDTH][IMAGE_HEIGHT];
for (int i = 0; i < scaleImage.getWidth(); i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < scaleImage.getHeight(); j++) {
srcPixels[i][j] = scaleImage.getRGB(i, j);
}
}

Map<EncodeHintType, Object> hint = new HashMap<EncodeHintType, Object>();
hint.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "GBK");
hint.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
// 生成二维码
MultiFormatWriter mutiWriter = new MultiFormatWriter();
BitMatrix matrix = mutiWriter.encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE,
width, height, hint);

// 二维矩阵转为一维像素数组
int halfW = matrix.getWidth() / 2;
int halfH = matrix.getHeight() / 2;
int[] pixels = new int[width * height];

for (int y = 0; y < matrix.getHeight(); y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < matrix.getWidth(); x++) {
// 读取图片
if (x > halfW - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH
&& x < halfW + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH
&& y > halfH - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH
&& y < halfH + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH) {
pixels[y * width + x] = srcPixels[x - halfW
+ IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH][y - halfH + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH];
}
// 在图片四周形成边框
else if ((x > halfW - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH - FRAME_WIDTH
&& x < halfW - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH + FRAME_WIDTH
&& y > halfH - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH - FRAME_WIDTH && y < halfH
+ IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH + FRAME_WIDTH)
|| (x > halfW + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH - FRAME_WIDTH
&& x < halfW + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH + FRAME_WIDTH
&& y > halfH - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH - FRAME_WIDTH && y < halfH
+ IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH + FRAME_WIDTH)
|| (x > halfW - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH - FRAME_WIDTH
&& x < halfW + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH + FRAME_WIDTH
&& y > halfH - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH - FRAME_WIDTH && y < halfH
- IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH + FRAME_WIDTH)
|| (x > halfW - IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH - FRAME_WIDTH
&& x < halfW + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH + FRAME_WIDTH
&& y > halfH + IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH - FRAME_WIDTH && y < halfH
+ IMAGE_HALF_WIDTH + FRAME_WIDTH)) {
pixels[y * width + x] = 0xfffffff;
} else {
// 此处可以修改二维码的颜色，可以分别制定二维码和背景的颜色；
pixels[y * width + x] = matrix.get(x, y) ? 0xff000000
: 0xfffffff;
}
}
}

BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
image.getRaster().setDataElements(0, 0, width, height, pixels);

return image;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
String imgPath = "d:/pr1.jpg";
String contents = "你好,李四! welcome to zxing!"
+ "\n李四的博客[http://my.oschina.net/cloudcoder]"
+ "\nEmail[xxx@163.com]";
// 普通二维码的生成与解析
PRUtil.encodePR(contents, 300, 300, imgPath);
System.out.println("生成二维码成功");
System.out.println(PRUtil.decodePR(imgPath));

// 带图片的二维的生成与解析
imgPath = "d:/pr2.png";
String srcPath = "d:/src.jpg";
PRUtil.encodePR(contents, 300, 300, srcPath,imgPath);
System.out.println("生成带图片的二维码成功");
System.out.println(PRUtil.decodePR(imgPath));

// 条形码的生成与解析
imgPath = "d:/bar.png";
PRUtil.encodeBar("6923450657713", 105, 50, imgPath);
System.out.println("生成条形码成功");
System.out.println(PRUtil.decodeBar(imgPath));
}
}

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>com.test</groupId>
<artifactId>qrcode</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>qrcode</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
<artifactId>javase</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.10</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>