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【LeetCode】405 Convert a Number to Hexadecimal (java实现)

2016-11-03 00:00 471 查看
摘要: Given an integer, write an algorithm to convert it to hexadecimal. For negative integer, two’s complement method is used.

原题链接

https://leetcode.com/problems/convert-a-number-to-hexadecimal/

原题

Given an integer, write an algorithm to convert it to hexadecimal. For negative integer, two’s complement method is used.

Note:

All letters in hexadecimal (a-f) must be in lowercase.

The hexadecimal string must not contain extra leading 0s. If the number is zero, it is represented by a single zero character '0'; otherwise, the first character in the hexadecimal string will not be the zero character.

The given number is guaranteed to fit within the range of a 32-bit signed integer.

You must not use any method provided by the library which converts/formats the number to hex directly.

Example 1:

Input:
26

Output:
"1a"

Example 2:

Input:
-1

Output:
"ffffffff"

题目要求

题目叫“将数字转化为十六进制”,顾名思义,这里需要注意的是数字是包含负数的,所以如果方法不很合适,处理起来会稍微麻烦一些。

要求:

转化后的十六进制字符串都是小写的;

十六进制字符串不能以0开头(如果只有一个0除外);

数字大小在32bit范围内,不用担心处理数据时溢出;

不能使用库里的转化和格式打印;

解法

解法一:最原始的方法,完全按照数字的源码、反码、补码的格式来转化,这种思路下,就要先将数字转化为2进制,再将二进制转化为十六进制。同时,还需要注意数字为负数时,需要一些特殊的操作。这种解法非常麻烦,但是却非常直接。

public String toHex(int num) {
if (num == 0) {
return "0";
}
int MAX = 32;
boolean isNegative = false;
int bits[] = new int[MAX];
if (num < 0) {
isNegative = true;
bits[MAX - 1] = 1;
num = -num;
}

int i = 0;
// 转化为二进制的原码
while (num > 0) {
bits[i++] = num % 2;
num /= 2;
}

// 如果是负数,需要取反并且+1从而得到补码
if (isNegative) {
// 取反
for (int j = 0; j < bits.length - 1; j++) {
bits[j] = (bits[j] + 1) % 2;
}
// +1
int digit = 1;
int res = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < bits.length - 1; j++) {
res = bits[j] + digit;
bits[j] = res % 2;
digit = res / 2;
}
}

// 二进制转化为十六进制
String ret = "";
for (int j = 0; j < bits.length; j += 4) {
int data = 0;
for (int j2 = 0; j2 < 4; j2++) {
data += bits[j + j2] * (1 << j2);
}
ret = String.format("%x", data) + ret;
}

// 去掉字符串前面多余的0
for (int j = 0; j < ret.length(); j++) {
if (ret.charAt(j) != '0') {
ret = ret.substring(j);
break;
}
}

return ret;
}

解法二:第二种解法就是按位与来获取。既然是得到十六进制,那么每次与上0xF(二进制就是1111),得到一个值,然后数字向右移动4位,这里需要注意的是数字是有符号的,刚好可以利用Java提供的无符号移动>>>。完美!!!

char[] map = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','a','b','c','d','e','f'};
public String toHex(int num) {
if(num == 0) return "0";
String result = "";
while(num != 0){
result = map[(num & 0xF)] + result;
num = (num >>> 4);
}
return result;
}
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