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使用Python+selenium+BeautifulSoup抓取动态网页的关键信息

2016-10-27 16:39 866 查看

程序目的:

根据特定的SNP list, 在千人基因组数据库中爬取CHB人群的等位基因频率信息,如https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/variation/tools/1000genomes/?q=rs12340895

因为网页是动态的数据,嵌入了JavaScript代码,因此借助selenium来爬取信息。

Beautiful Soup是python的一个库,最主要的功能是从网页抓取数据。Beautiful Soup提供一些简单的、python式的函数用来处理导航、搜索、修改分析树等功能。它是一个工具箱,通过解析文档为用户提供需要抓取的数据,避免了用繁杂的正则表达式。

准备工作:

0、安装selenium:pip install -U selenium

1、安装chromedriver: brew install chromedriver

注意:使用该命令安装的时候可能安装的chromedriver不是最新版,有可能导致与chrome浏览器版本不兼容而报如下错误:

unknown error: Runtime.executionContextCreated has invalid ‘context’: {“auxData”:{“frameId”:”11740.1”,”isDefault”:true},”id”:1,”name”:”“,”origin”:”://”}

(Session info: chrome=54.0.2840.71)

(Driver info: chromedriver=2.9.248307,platform=Mac OS X 10.9.4 x86_64)

这个其实是老版本的chromedriver 无法正常启动chrome。解决办法就是下载最新的chromedriver.

如果用brew upgrade命名更新不了chromedriver,要去https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads 下载刚发布的Latest Release: ChromeDriver 2.25

2、下载完毕chromedriver,Move the file to /usr/bin directory sudo mv chromedriver /usr/bin

3、更改chromedriver权限,Go to /usr/bin directory and you would need to run something like chmod a+x chromedriver to mark it executable.

源代码

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException

def get_allele_feq(browser, snp):
browser.get(
'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/variation/tools/1000genomes/?q=%s' %snp) #Load page
# browser.implicitly_wait(60) #智能等待xx秒
time.sleep(30) #加载时间较长,等待加载完毕
# browser.find_element_by_css_selector("div[title=\"Han Chinese in Bejing, China\"]") #use selenium function to find elements

# 把selenium的webdriver调用page_source函数在传入BeautifulSoup中,就可以用BeautifulSoup解析网页了
bs = BeautifulSoup(browser.page_source, "lxml")
# bs.find_all("div", title="Han Chinese in Bejing, China")
try:
race = bs.find(string="CHB")
race_data = race.find_parent("div").find_parent(
"div").find_next_sibling("div")
# print race_data
race_feq = race_data.find("span", class_="gt-selected").find_all("li") # class_ 防止Python中类关键字重复,产生语法错误
base1_feq = race_feq[0].text  #获取标签的内容
base2_feq = race_feq[1].text
return snp, base1_feq, base2_feq  # T=0.1408 C=0.8592

except NoSuchElementException:
return "%s:can't find element" %snp

def main():
browser = webdriver.Chrome() # Get local session of chrome
fh = open("./4diseases_snps_1kCHB_allele_feq.list2", 'w')
snps = open("./4diseases_snps.list.uniq2",'r')
for line in snps:
snp = line.strip()
response = get_allele_feq(browser, snp)
time.sleep(1)
fh.write("\t".join(response)) #unicode 编码的对象写到文件中后相当于print效果
fh.write("\n")
print "\t".join(response)
time.sleep(1)  # sleep a few seconds
fh.close()
browser.quit()  # 退出并关闭窗口的每一个相关的驱动程序

if __name__ == '__main__':
main()


参考资料:

1]: http://beautifulsoup.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/ #Beautiful Soup 4.4.0 文档

2]: http://blog.csdn.net/buptlrw/article/details/48828201

3]: http://www.cnblogs.com/duyang/p/5144987.html

4]: http://blog.csdn.net/cjsafty/article/details/9206323

5]: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8255929/running-webdriver-chrome-with-selenium

6]: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/selenium#downloads

7]: http://blog.csdn.net/leejeff/article/details/52935706
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