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Python科学计算的瑞士军刀——Anaconda 安装与配置

2016-10-26 20:03 495 查看

Introduce

Python是一种强大的编程语言，其提供了很多用于科学计算的模块，常见的包括numpy、scipy和matplotlib。要利用Python进行科学计算，就需要一一安装所需的模块，而这些模块可能又依赖于其它的软件包或库，因而安装和使用起来相对麻烦。幸好有人专门在做这一类事情，将科学计算所需要的模块都编译好，然后打包以发行版的形式供用户使用，Anaconda就是其中一个常用的科学计算发行版

自带的包管理器conda也很强大。

主页地址：https://store.continuum.io/cshop/anaconda/

Getting Start

下载并安装Anaconda后，终端执行

conda list

可查看安装了哪些包

获取免费的学术License

申请地址：https://store.continuum.io/cshop/academicanaconda

使用

edu

邮箱申请后，会在邮箱自动收到

license_academic

文件，将其放在

~/.continuum

目录下即可。

安装额外的包（命令行环境下执行）

<code class="language-shell hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$ </span>conda update conda
<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$ </span>conda install accelerate
<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$ </span>conda install iopro</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; opacity: 0.163836;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

简单使用

编辑器中输入如下代码

<code class="language-python hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">from</span> mpl_toolkits.mplot3d <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> axes3d
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> matplotlib.pyplot <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">as</span> plt
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">from</span> matplotlib <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> cm

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'3d'</span>)
X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.05</span>)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">8</span>, cstride=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">8</span>, alpha=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0.3</span>)
cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, zdir=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'z'</span>, offset=-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100</span>, cmap=cm.coolwarm)
cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, zdir=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'x'</span>, offset=-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">40</span>, cmap=cm.coolwarm)
cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, zdir=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'y'</span>, offset=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">40</span>, cmap=cm.coolwarm)

ax.set_xlabel(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'X'</span>)
ax.set_xlim(-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">40</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">40</span>)
ax.set_ylabel(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'Y'</span>)
ax.set_ylim(-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">40</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">40</span>)
ax.set_zlabel(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'Z'</span>)
ax.set_zlim(-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100</span>, <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100</span>)

plt.show()</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; opacity: 0.163836;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li></ul>

下面就是spyder的主界面。变量查看窗口很好用，终端会做出图像。