android 学习随笔二十三（动画：Fragment ）

Fragment

* 用途：在一个Activity里切换界面，切换界面时只切换Fragment里面的内容

* 在一个Activity中切换多个界面，每个界面就是一个Fragment
* Fragmnent的内容也是一个View对象

* 生命周期方法跟Activity一致，可以理解把其为就是一个Activity
* fragment切换时会销毁旧的，再创建新的
* 定义布局文件作为Fragment的显示内容

//此方法返回的View就会被显示在Fragment上
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//用布局文件填充成一个View对象，返回出去，那么就显示在Fragment上了
View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment01, null);
return v; 
}
* 把Fragment显示至指定ViewGroup中

//把fragment显示至界面
//new出fragment对象
Fragment01 fg = new Fragment01();
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
//开启事务
FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
//把fragment对象显示到指定资源id的组件里面
ft.replace(R.id.fl, fg);
ft.commit();

package com.itheima.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

showfagment01();
}

private void showfagment01() {
//1.创建fragment对象
Fragment01 fragment1 = new Fragment01();
//2.获取fragment管理器
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
//3.开启事务
FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
//4.显示fragment
//arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中
ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment1);
//5.提交
ft.commit();
}

public void click1(View v){
showfagment01();
}
public void click2(View v){
//1.创建fragment对象
Fragment02 fragment2 = new Fragment02();
//2.获取fragment管理器
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
//3.开启事务
FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
//4.显示fragment
//arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中
ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment2);
//5.提交
ft.commit();
}
public void click3(View v){
//1.创建fragment对象
Fragment03 fragment3 = new Fragment03();
//2.获取fragment管理器
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
//3.开启事务
FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
//4.显示fragment
//arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中
ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment3);
//5.提交
ft.commit();
}

}

MainActivity

package com.itheima.fragment;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

public class Fragment01 extends Fragment {

//系统自动调用，返回的View对象作为Fragment的内容显示
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment01, null);
return v;
}
}

Fragment01

package com.itheima.fragment;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

public class Fragment02 extends Fragment {

//系统自动调用，返回的View对象作为Fragment的内容显示
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment02, null);
return v;
}
}

Fragment02

package com.itheima.fragment;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

public class Fragment03 extends Fragment {

//系统自动调用，返回的View对象作为Fragment的内容显示
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment03, null);
return v;
}
}

Fragment03

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.itheima.fragment"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >

<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="11"
android:targetSdkVersion="17" />

<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.itheima.fragment.MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>

</manifest>

AndroidManifest

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=".MainActivity"
android:orientation="horizontal"
>

<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/fl"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
></FrameLayout>

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="界面1"
android:onClick="click1"
/>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="界面2"
android:onClick="click2"
/>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="界面3"
android:onClick="click3"
/>
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

activity_main

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:background="#00ff00"
>

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="30sp"
android:text="这是plus的帽子的绿色"
/>

</LinearLayout>

fragment01

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:background="#ff0000"
>

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="30sp"
android:text="这是热情的红色"
/>

</LinearLayout>

fragment02

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:background="#0000ff"
>

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="30sp"
android:text="这是plus戴上帽子的心情的蓝色"
/>

</LinearLayout>

fragment03
 

生命周期

* fragment切换时旧fragment对象会销毁，新的fragment对象会被创建



 低版本兼容

* 在support-v4.jar包中有相关api，也就是说fragment可以在低版本模拟器运行

package com.itheima.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;

public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

showfagment01();
}

private void showfagment01() {
//1.创建fragment对象
Fragment01 fragment1 = new Fragment01();
//2.获取fragment管理器
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
//3.开启事务
FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
//4.显示fragment
//arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中
ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment1);
//5.提交
ft.commit();
}

public void click1(View v){
showfagment01();
}
public void click2(View v){
//1.创建fragment对象
Fragment02 fragment2 = new Fragment02();
//2.获取fragment管理器
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
//3.开启事务
FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
//4.显示fragment
//arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中
ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment2);
//5.提交
ft.commit();
}
public void click3(View v){
//1.创建fragment对象
Fragment03 fragment3 = new Fragment03();
//2.获取fragment管理器
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
//3.开启事务
FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
//4.显示fragment
//arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中
ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment3);
//5.提交
ft.commit();
}

}

View Code

package com.itheima.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

public class Fragment01 extends Fragment {

//系统自动调用，返回的View对象作为Fragment的内容显示
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment01, null);
return v;
}
}

Fragment01
 

Fragment和Activity传递数据

package com.itheima.transmit;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

private Fragment01 fragment1;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

showfagment01();
}

private void showfagment01() {
//1.创建fragment对象
fragment1 = new Fragment01();
//2.获取fragment管理器
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
//3.开启事务
FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
//4.显示fragment
//arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中
ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment1);
//5.提交
ft.commit();
}

public void click1(View v){
showfagment01();
}
public void click2(View v){
//1.创建fragment对象
Fragment02 fragment2 = new Fragment02();
//2.获取fragment管理器
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
//3.开启事务
FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
//4.显示fragment
//arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中
ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment2);
//5.提交
ft.commit();
}
public void click3(View v){
//1.创建fragment对象
Fragment03 fragment3 = new Fragment03();
//2.获取fragment管理器
FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
//3.开启事务
FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
//4.显示fragment
//arg0:设置把fragment显示在哪个容器中
ft.replace(R.id.fl, fragment3);
//5.提交
ft.commit();
}

public void click4(View v){
EditText et_main = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_main);
String text = et_main.getText().toString();
fragment1.setText(text);
}

public void setText(String text){
TextView tv_main = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_main);
tv_main.setText(text);
}

}

MainActivity

package com.itheima.transmit;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.webkit.WebView.FindListener;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class Fragment01 extends Fragment {

private TextView tv;

//系统自动调用，返回的View对象作为Fragment的内容显示
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment01, null);
tv = (TextView) v.findViewById(R.id.tv_fragment1);
return v;
}

public void setText(String text){
tv.setText(text);
}
}

Fragment01

package com.itheima.transmit;

import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

public class Fragment03 extends Fragment implements OnClickListener {

private EditText et;

//系统自动调用，返回的View对象作为Fragment的内容显示
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment03, null);
Button bt_fragment03 = (Button) v.findViewById(R.id.bt_fragment03);
et = (EditText) v.findViewById(R.id.et_fragment03);
bt_fragment03.setOnClickListener(this);
return v;
}

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String text = et.getText().toString();
((MainActivity)getActivity()).setText(text);
}

}

Fragment03

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=".MainActivity"
android:orientation="horizontal"
>

<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/fl"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
></FrameLayout>

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="界面1"
android:onClick="click1"
/>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="界面2"
android:onClick="click2"
/>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="界面3"
android:onClick="click3"
/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_main"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="提交"
android:onClick="click4"
/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_main"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

activity_main

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:background="#00ff00"
>

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="30sp"
android:text="这是plus的帽子的绿色"
/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_fragment1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
</LinearLayout>

fragment01

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:background="#0000ff"
>

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="30sp"
android:text="这是plus戴上帽子的心情的蓝色"
/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/et_fragment03"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/bt_fragment03"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="提交"
/>
</LinearLayout>

fragment03