python基础教程学习笔记十六

测试

测试工具:

Unitest 通用测试框架

示例代码如下:

#unittest框架的简单测试

import unittest,my_math

class PrductTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

def testIntegers(self):

for x in range(-10,10):

for y in range(-10,10):

p=my_math.product(x,y)

self.assertTrue(p==x*y,'Integer multiplication failed')

def testFloats(self):

for x in range(-10,10):

for y in range(-10,10):

x=x/10.0

y=y/10.0

p=my_math.product(x,y)

self.assertTrue(p==x*y,'Float multiplication failed')

if __name__=='__main__':

unittest.main()

测试正确结果如下:

..

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Ran 2 tests in 0.004s

OK

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "D:/workspace_python/unittest/unit_test.py", line 21, in <module>

unittest.main()

File "D:\Python32\lib\unittest\main.py", line 124, in __init__

self.runTests()

File "D:\Python32\lib\unittest\main.py", line 272, in runTests

sys.exit(not self.result.wasSuccessful())

SystemExit: False

测试错误结果如下:

FF

======================================================================

FAIL: testFloats (__main__.PrductTestCase)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "D:/workspace_python/unittest/unit_test.py", line 18, in testFloats

self.assertTrue(p==x*y,'Float multiplication failed')

AssertionError: False is not true : Float multiplication failed

======================================================================

FAIL: testIntegers (__main__.PrductTestCase)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "D:/workspace_python/unittest/unit_test.py", line 10, in testIntegers

self.assertTrue(p==x*y,'Integer multiplication failed')

AssertionError: False is not true : Integer multiplication failed

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Ran 2 tests in 0.007s

FAILED (failures=2)

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "D:/workspace_python/unittest/unit_test.py", line 21, in <module>

unittest.main()

File "D:\Python32\lib\unittest\main.py", line 124, in __init__

self.runTests()

File "D:\Python32\lib\unittest\main.py", line 272, in runTests

sys.exit(not self.result.wasSuccessful())

SystemExit: True

>>>

常用的testCase方法

Assert_() 表示假则为失败

failUnless()

assertEqual()

failUnlessEqual()

assertNotEqual()

failIfEqual()

assertAlmostEqual(0

单元测试以外的内容

使用pyChecker和PyLint检查源代码

分析

Doctest 检查文档

示例代码如下:

#如果要测试my_python.py,可以在最后添加

#求数字的平方

def square(x):

'''

Aquare a number and returns the result.

>>> square(2)

4

>>> square(3)

9

'''

return x*x

if __name__=='__main__':

import doctest,my_math

doctest.testmod(my_math)

在命令行运行时可以设定脚本

Python my_python -v

显示结果如下:

D:\workspace_python\unittest>ls

__pycache__ my_math.py unit_test.py

D:\workspace_python\unittest>python my_math.py -v

Trying:

square(2)

Expecting:

4

ok

Trying:

square(3)

Expecting:

9

ok

1 items had no tests:

my_math

1 items passed all tests:

2 tests in my_math.square

2 tests in 2 items.

2 passed and 0 failed.

Test passed.

如果在文档注释中少写了一个2

运行时显示结果如下:

Trying:

square()

Expecting:

4

**********************************************************************

File "D:\workspace_python\unittest\my_math.py", line 5, in my_math.square

Failed example:

square()

Exception raised:

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "D:\Python32\lib\doctest.py", line 1288, in __run

compileflags, 1), test.globs)

File "<doctest my_math.square[0]>", line 1, in <module>

square()

TypeError: square() takes exactly 1 argument (0 given)

Trying:

square(3)

Expecting:

9

ok

1 items had no tests:

my_math

**********************************************************************

1 items had failures:

1 of 2 in my_math.square

2 tests in 2 items.

1 passed and 1 failed.

***Test Failed*** 1 failures.