git基本操作

新建文件夹

[root@localhost home]# mkdir gittest
[root@localhost home]# cd gittest
[root@localhost gittest]#

git初始化

[root@localhost gittest]# git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/gittest/.git/

修改用户名和邮件

[root@localhost gittest]# git config user.name "Leon Nan"
[root@localhost gittest]# git config user.email leon0820@126.com

创建文件

[root@localhost gittest]# echo "init file" >> README
[root@localhost gittest]# cat README
init file

此时文件处在“Untracked”状态，即不受git管理，未被追踪的状态。可通过git status查看

[root@localhost gittest]# git status
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Untracked files:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#       README
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

添加文件，使文件接受git的管理
git add -A 将所有文件加入到索引库中

git add README 仅增加README文件

[root@localhost gittest]# git add README

此时文件处在“staged”状态，对文件进行了快照，保存在暂存区域，尚未交付到git仓库中。

[root@localhost gittest]# git status
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Changes to be committed:
#   (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
#
#       new file:   README
#

交付文件，将保存在暂存区域的快照永远保存到git仓库中。

[root@localhost gittest]# git commit -m "init file"
[master (root-commit) 7c4a592] init file
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 README

查看git状态及log

[root@localhost gittest]# git status
# On branch master
nothing to commit (working directory clean)
[root@localhost gittest]# git log
commit 7c4a592e4221c349dfad6dbda3f4056d47360191
Author: Leon Nan <leon0820@126.com>
Date:   Mon Oct 10 03:07:26 2016 +0800

init file

修改文件

[root@localhost gittest]# echo "modify file" >> README
[root@localhost gittest]#
[root@localhost gittest]#
[root@localhost gittest]# cat README
init file
modify file

此时文件处在modified状态

[root@localhost gittest]# git status
# On branch master
# Changed but not updated:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
#
#       modified:   README
#
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

添加文件，再次commit

[root@localhost gittest]# git add -A
[root@localhost gittest]# git commit -m "modify file"
[master 3bb3528] modify file
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

查看文件log

[root@localhost gittest]# git log
commit 3bb352807d3dddef1efd88a60805b6e09fb16ae1
Author: Leon Nan <leon0820@126.com>
Date:   Mon Oct 10 03:33:35 2016 +0800

modify file

commit 7c4a592e4221c349dfad6dbda3f4056d47360191
Author: Leon Nan <leon0820@126.com>
Date:   Mon Oct 10 03:07:26 2016 +0800

init file
[root@localhost gittest]# git status
# On branch master
nothing to commit (working directory clean)

参考文件：
http://www.codeweblog.com/git%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%89%E7%A7%8D%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81/