openstreetmap-tile-server-ubuntu-16-04

在Ubuntu16-04版本上搭建离线免费地图，具体的步骤如下，也可以直接下载【我的资源】里面的pdf，下载地址为：
http://download.csdn.net/detail/emily201314/9645880
或者直接查看有道笔记分享链接：http://note.youdao.com/noteshare?id=0b23b59ad6615a60eb45ef67670626cd

来源地址：https://www.linuxbabe.com/linux-server/openstreetmap-tile-server-ubuntu-16-04

Step 1: Upgrade Software

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Step 2: Install PostgreSQL Database Server with PostGIS

We will use PostgreSQL to store map data. PostGIS is a geospatial extenstion to PostgreSQL. Run the following commands to install them.

sudo apt install postgresql postgresql-contrib postgis postgresql-9.5-postgis-2.2

修改为(一个一个安装)：

sudo apt install postgresql

sudo apt install postgresql-contrib

sudo apt install postgis

sudo apt install postgresql-9.5-postgis-2.2

A user named 

postgres

 will be created during the installation process. This allows the use of peer authentication. Let’s
switch to the 

postgres

 user:

sudo -u postgres -i

Create a PostgreSQL database user 

osm

.

createuser osm

Create a database named 

gis 

and at the same time make 

osm

 as
the owner of the database. 

-E UTF8

 specifies the character encoding scheme to be used in the database is UTF8.

createdb -E UTF8 -O osm gis

Create hstore and postgis extension.

psql -c "CREATE EXTENSION hstore;" -d gis

psql -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis;" -d gis

Exit from the 

postgres

 user.

exit

Create 

osm

 user on your operating system so the tile server can run as 

osm

 user.

sudo adduser osm

Step 3: Download Map Stylesheet and Map Data

First switch to 

osm

 user

su - osm

Download the latest CartoCSS map stylesheets to the 

osm

 user’s home directory.

wget https://github.com/gravitystorm/openstreetmap-carto/archive/v2.41.0.tar.gz[/code] 
Extract it.
tar xvf v2.41.0.tar.gz


Next, download map data to the osm user’s home directory. Use the below command to download the map data of the whole planet (32G).
wget -c http://planet.openstreetmap.org/pbf/planet-latest.osm.pbf[/code] 
If you want a map of individual country or state, go to http://download.geofabrik.de. Also, BBBike.org provides extracts
of more than 200 cities and regions world-wide in different formats.

For example, download the map data of Great Britain (847M).
wget -c http://download.geofabrik.de/europe/great-britain-latest.osm.pbf[/code] 
可以下载中国地图或者是北京地图
wget -c http://download.bbbike.org/osm/bbbike/Beijing/Beijing.osm.pbf
或者是
wget -c http://download.geofabrik.de/asia/china-latest.osm.pbf



Now exit from the 
osm
 user.
exit


Recommendations before Importing Map Data
Importing map data takes a lot of RAM. If your physical memory is small, you can easily add a swap file. First we use
fallocate
 command
to create a file. For example, create a file named swapfile with 2G capacity in root file system:
sudo fallocate -l 3G /swapfile


Then make sure only root can read and write to it.
sudo chmod 600 /swapfile


Format it to swap:
sudo mkswap /swapfile


Output:
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 2097148 KiB
no label, UUID=h32b3e10-0779-4865-9ea0-6e2af8f3kea9


Enable the swap file
sudo swapon /swapfile


The import process can take some time. It’s recommended to configure SSH keepalive so that you don’t lose the SSH connection. It’s very easy to do. Just open the SSH client configuration file on your local Linux machine.
sudo nano /etc/ssh/ssh_config


And paste the following text at the end of the file.
ServerAliveInterval 60


Then save the file and connect to your Ubuntu 16.04 server

Step 4: Import the Map Data to PostgreSQL
To import map data, we need to install 
osm2pgsql
 which converts OpenStreetMap data to postGIS-enabled PostgreSQL
databases.
sudo apt install osm2pgsql


Switch to 
osm
 user again.
su - osm


Run the following command to load map stylesheet and map data into the 
gis
 Database. Replace 
great-britain-latest.osm.pbf
 with
your own map data file.
osm2pgsql --slim -d gis -C 3600 --hstore -S openstreetmap-carto-2.41.0/openstreetmap-carto.style great-britain-latest.osm.pbf

修改成对应的osm.pbf名字

osm2pgsql --slim -d gis -C 3600 --hstore -S openstreetmap-carto-2.41.0/openstreetmap-carto.style china-latest.osm.pbf
这个命令耗时特别久，不要慌，等着完成


osm2gpsql
 will run in slim mode which is recommended over the normal mode. 
-d
 stands
for 
--database
. 
-C
 flag
specify the cache size in MB. Bigger cache size results in faster import speed but you need to have enough RAM to use cache. 
-S
 flag
specify the style file. And finally you need to specify the map data file.

Once the import is complete, exit from the 
osm
 user.
exit


Step 5: Install mod_tile
mod_tile is an Apache module that is required to serve tiles. Currently no binary package is available for Ubuntu. We can compile it from Github repository.

First install build dependency.
sudo apt install git autoconf libtool libmapnik-dev apache2-dev

修改为：
sudo apt install git
sudo apt install autoconf
sudo apt install libtool
sudo apt install libmapnik-dev
sudo apt install apache2-dev


Then clone the repository from Github.
git clone https://github.com/openstreetmap/mod_tile.git 
cd mod_tile/


Compile and install
./autogen.sh
./configure
make
sudo make install
sudo make install-mod_tile


Step 6: Generate Mapnik Stylesheet
Install required packages.
sudo apt install curl unzip gdal-bin mapnik-utils node-carto

修改为：

sudo apt install curl
sudo apt install unzip
sudo apt install  gdal-bin
sudo apt install mapnik-utils
sudo apt install node-carto


Switch to osm user.
su - osm


Cd into the carto style directory.
cd openstreetmap-carto-2.41.0/


Get shapefiles.
./get-shapefiles.sh


(最终效果)


./get-shapefiles.sh命令的内容如下：


#!/bin/sh
set -e -u

UNZIP_OPTS=-qqun

# create and populate data dir
mkdir -p data/
mkdir -p data/world_boundaries
mkdir -p data/simplified-land-polygons-complete-3857
mkdir -p data/ne_110m_admin_0_boundary_lines_land
mkdir -p data/land-polygons-split-3857

# world_boundaries
echo "downloading world_boundaries..."
curl -z "data/world_boundaries-spherical.tgz" -L -o "data/world_boundaries-spherical.tgz" "http://planet.openstreetmap.org/historical-shapefiles/world_boundaries-spherical.tgz"
echo "expanding world_boundaries..."
tar -xzf data/world_boundaries-spherical.tgz -C data/

# simplified-land-polygons-complete-3857
echo "downloading simplified-land-polygons-complete-3857..."
curl -z "data/simplified-land-polygons-complete-3857.zip" -L -o "data/simplified-land-polygons-complete-3857.zip" "http://data.openstreetmapdata.com/simplified-land-polygons-complete-3857.zip 

"
echo "simplified-land-polygons-complete-3857..."
unzip $UNZIP_OPTS data/simplified-land-polygons-complete-3857.zip \
  simplified-land-polygons-complete-3857/simplified_land_polygons.shp \
  simplified-land-polygons-complete-3857/simplified_land_polygons.shx \
  simplified-land-polygons-complete-3857/simplified_land_polygons.prj \
  simplified-land-polygons-complete-3857/simplified_land_polygons.dbf \
  simplified-land-polygons-complete-3857/simplified_land_polygons.cpg \
  -d data/

# ne_110m_admin_0_boundary_lines_land
echo "downloading ne_110m_admin_0_boundary_lines_land..."
curl -z data/ne_110m_admin_0_boundary_lines_land.zip -L -o data/ne_110m_admin_0_boundary_lines_land.zip http://www.naturalearthdata.com/http//www.naturalearthdata.com/download/110m/cultural/ne_110m_admin_0_boundary_lines_land.zip 

echo "expanding ne_110m_admin_0_boundary_lines_land..."
unzip $UNZIP_OPTS data/ne_110m_admin_0_boundary_lines_land.zip \
  ne_110m_admin_0_boundary_lines_land.shp \
  ne_110m_admin_0_boundary_lines_land.shx \
  ne_110m_admin_0_boundary_lines_land.prj \
  ne_110m_admin_0_boundary_lines_land.dbf \
  -d data/ne_110m_admin_0_boundary_lines_land/

# land-polygons-split-3857
echo "downloading land-polygons-split-3857..."
curl -z "data/land-polygons-split-3857.zip" -L -o "data/land-polygons-split-3857.zip" "http://data.openstreetmapdata.com/land-polygons-split-3857.zip 

"
echo "expanding land-polygons-split-3857..."
unzip $UNZIP_OPTS data/land-polygons-split-3857.zip \
  land-polygons-split-3857/land_polygons.shp \
  land-polygons-split-3857/land_polygons.shx \
  land-polygons-split-3857/land_polygons.prj \
  land-polygons-split-3857/land_polygons.dbf \
  land-polygons-split-3857/land_polygons.cpg \
  -d data/

# antarctica-icesheet-polygons-3857
echo "downloading antarctica-icesheet-polygons-3857..."
curl -z "data/antarctica-icesheet-polygons-3857.zip" -L -o "data/antarctica-icesheet-polygons-3857.zip" "http://data.openstreetmapdata.com/antarctica-icesheet-polygons-3857.zip 

"
echo "expanding antarctica-icesheet-polygons-3857..."
unzip $UNZIP_OPTS data/antarctica-icesheet-polygons-3857.zip \
  antarctica-icesheet-polygons-3857/icesheet_polygons.shp \
  antarctica-icesheet-polygons-3857/icesheet_polygons.shx \
  antarctica-icesheet-polygons-3857/icesheet_polygons.prj \
  antarctica-icesheet-polygons-3857/icesheet_polygons.dbf \
  -d data/

# antarctica-icesheet-outlines-3857
echo "downloading antarctica-icesheet-outlines-3857..."
curl -z "data/antarctica-icesheet-outlines-3857.zip" -L -o "data/antarctica-icesheet-outlines-3857.zip" "http://data.openstreetmapdata.com/antarctica-icesheet-outlines-3857.zip 

"
echo "expanding antarctica-icesheet-outlines-3857..."
unzip $UNZIP_OPTS data/antarctica-icesheet-outlines-3857.zip \
  antarctica-icesheet-outlines-3857/icesheet_outlines.shp \
  antarctica-icesheet-outlines-3857/icesheet_outlines.shx \
  antarctica-icesheet-outlines-3857/icesheet_outlines.prj \
  antarctica-icesheet-outlines-3857/icesheet_outlines.dbf \
  -d data/

#index
echo "indexing shapefiles"
shapeindex --shape_files \
data/simplified-land-polygons-complete-3857/simplified_land_polygons.shp \
data/land-polygons-split-3857/land_polygons.shp \
data/antarctica-icesheet-polygons-3857/icesheet_polygons.shp \
data/antarctica-icesheet-outlines-3857/icesheet_outlines.shp \
data/ne_110m_admin_0_boundary_lines_land/ne_110m_admin_0_boundary_lines_land.shp

#finish
echo "...done!"

Now build the Mapnik xml stylesheet.
carto project.mml > style.xml


sudo apt-get -y install fonts-wqy-zenhei

sudo apt-get install unifont
sudo apt-get install ttf-unifont
下载字体保存在/usr/share/fonts/truetype路径下

替换会出现中文乱码不显示问题，需要替换生成的样式文件

Exit from the 
osm
 user.
exit


Step 7: Configuring renderd
Edit renderd config file.
sudo nano /usr/local/etc/renderd.conf


In the 
[default]
 section, change the value of XML and HOST to the following.
XML=/home/osm/openstreetmap-carto-2.41.0/style.xml
HOST=localhost


In [mapnik] section, change the value of plugins_dir.
plugins_dir=/usr/lib/mapnik/3.0/input/


Save the file.

Install renderd init script by copying the sample init script.
cd ~sudo cp mod_tile/debian/renderd.init /etc/init.d/renderd

Grant execute permission.
sudo chmod a+x /etc/init.d/renderd


Edit the init script file
sudo nano /etc/init.d/renderd


Change the following variable.
DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/$NAME
DAEMON_ARGS="-c /usr/local/etc/renderd.conf"
RUNASUSER=osm


Save the file.

Create the following file and set osm the owner.
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/mod_tile

sudo chown osm:osm /var/lib/mod_tile


Then start renderd service
sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl start renderd

sudo systemctl enable renderd


Step 8: Configure Apache
Install apache web server
sudo apt install apache2


Create a module load file.
sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-available/mod_tile.load


Paste the following line into the file.
LoadModule tile_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_tile.so


Create a symlink.
sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/mods-available/mod_tile.load /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/


Then edit the default virtual host file.
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf


Past the following line in <VirtualHost *:80>
LoadTileConfigFile /usr/local/etc/renderd.conf
ModTileRenderdSocketName /var/run/renderd/renderd.sock
# Timeout before giving up for a tile to be rendered
ModTileRequestTimeout 0
# Timeout before giving up for a tile to be rendered that is otherwise missing
ModTileMissingRequestTimeout 30


Save and close the file. Restart Apache.
sudo systemctl restart apache2


Then in your web browser address bar, type
your-server-ip/osm_tiles/0/0/0.png


You should see the tile of world map. Congrats! You just successfully built your own OSM tile server.

Display Your Tiled Web Map
Tiled web map is also known as slippy map in OpenStreetMap terminology. There are two free and open source JavaScript map libraries you can use for your tile server: OpenLayer and Leaflet.
The advantage of Leaflet is that it is simple to use and your map will be mobile-friendly.

OpenLayer
在Openlayer中显示
cd /var/www/html
wget https://github.com/openlayers/ol3/releases/download/v3.18.2/v3.18.2-dist.zip
unzip 'v3.18.2.zip'
保证ol.css、ol.js下载保存到/var/www/html目录下

cp /var/www/html/v3.18.2-dist/ol.css /var/www/html/ol.css

cp /var/www/html/v3.18.2-dist/ol.js /var/www/html/ol.js

sudo nano /var/www/html/info.html
添加
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Accessible Map</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="ol.css" type="text/css">
<script src="ol.js"></script>
<style>
  a.skiplink {
    position: absolute;
    clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
    padding: 0;
    border: 0;
    height: 1px;
    width: 1px;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  a.skiplink:focus {
    clip: auto;
    height: auto;
    width: auto;
    background-color: #fff;
    padding: 0.3em;
  }
  #map:focus {
    outline: #4A74A8 solid 0.15em;
  }
</style>
</head>
<body>
  <a class="skiplink" href="#map">Go to map</a>
  <div id="map" class="map" tabindex="0"></div>
  <button id="zoom-out">Zoom out</button>
  <button id="zoom-in">Zoom in</button>
  <script>
    var map = new ol.Map({
      layers: [
        new ol.layer.Tile({
          source: new ol.source.OSM({
             url: 'http://192.168.175.100/osm_tiles/{z}/{x}/{y}.png'
          })
       })
     ],
     target: 'map',
     controls: ol.control.defaults({
        attributionOptions: /** @type {olx.control.AttributionOptions} */ ({
          collapsible: false
        })
     }),
    view: new ol.View({
       center: [12973503.936793,4833266.172531],
       zoom:5
    })
 });

  document.getElementById('zoom-out').onclick = function() {
    var view = map.getView();
    var zoom = view.getZoom();
    view.setZoom(zoom - 1);
  };

  document.getElementById('zoom-in').onclick = function() {
     var view = map.getView();
     var zoom = view.getZoom();
     view.setZoom(zoom + 1);
  };
</script>
</body>
</html>

To display your slippy map with OpenLayer, first create a web folder.
sudo mkdir /var/www/osm


Then download JavaScript and CSS from openlayer.org and extract it to the web root folder.

Next, create the 
index.html
 file.
sudo nano /var/www/osm/index.html


Paste the following HTML code in the file. Replace red-colored text and adjust the longitude, latitude and zoom level according to your needs.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Accessible Map</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://your-ip/ol.css" type="text/css">
<script src="http://your-ip/ol.js"></script>
<style>
a.skiplink {
position: absolute;
clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
padding: 0;
border: 0;
height: 1px;
width: 1px;
overflow: hidden;
}
a.skiplink:focus {
clip: auto;
height: auto;
width: auto;
background-color: #fff;
padding: 0.3em;
}
#map:focus {
outline: #4A74A8 solid 0.15em;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<a class="skiplink" href="#map">Go to map</a>
<div id="map" class="map" tabindex="0"></div>
<button id="zoom-out">Zoom out</button>
<button id="zoom-in">Zoom in</button>
<script>
var map = new ol.Map({
layers: [
new ol.layer.Tile({
source: new ol.source.OSM({
url: 'http://your-ip/osm_tiles/{z}/{x}/{y}.png'
})
})
],
target: 'map',
controls: ol.control.defaults({
attributionOptions: /** @type {olx.control.AttributionOptions} */ ({
collapsible: false
})
}),
view: new ol.View({
center: [244780.24508882355, 7386452.183179816],       zoom:5
})
});

document.getElementById('zoom-out').onclick = function() {
var view = map.getView();
var zoom = view.getZoom();
view.setZoom(zoom - 1);
};

document.getElementById('zoom-in').onclick = function() {
var view = map.getView();
var zoom = view.getZoom();
view.setZoom(zoom + 1);
};
</script>
</body>
</html>


Save and close the file. Now you can view your slippy map by typing your server IP address in browser.
your-ip/index.html           or          your-ip


Leaflet
To display your slippy map with Leftlet, first create a web folder.
sudo mkdir /var/www/osm


Then download JavaScript and CSS from leftletjs.com and extract it to the web root folder.
cd /var/www/html
wget http://cdn.leafletjs.com/leaflet/v1.0.0/leaflet.zip
unzip 'leaflet.zip'
sudo nano /var/www/html/show.html
添加
<html>
<head>
<title>My first osm</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="leaflet.css"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="leaflet.js"></script>
<style>
   #map{width:100%;height:100%}
</style>
</head>

<body>
  <div id="map"></div>
  <script>
    var map = L.map('map').setView([12973503.936793,4833266.172531],5);
    L.tileLayer('http://192.168.175.100/osm_tiles/{z}/{x}/{y}.png',{maxZoom:18}).addTo(map);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Next, create the 
index.html
 file.
sudo nano /var/www/osm/index.html


Paste the following HTML code in the file. Replace red-colored text and adjust the longitude, latitude and zoom level according to your needs.
<html>
<head>
<title>My first osm</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="leaflet.css"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="leaflet.js"></script>
<style>
#map{width:100%;height:100%}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<div id="map"></div>
<script>
var map = L.map('map').setView([53.555,9.899],5);
L.tileLayer('http://your-ip/osm_tiles/{z}/{x}/{y}.png',{maxZoom:18}).addTo(map);
</script>
</body>
</html>


Save and close the file. Now you can view your slippy map by typing your server IP address in browser.
your-ip/index.html           or          your-ip


To pre-render tiles instead of rendering on the fly, use 
render_list
 command. Pre-rendered tiles will be cached
in
/var/lib/mod_tile
 directory. 
-z
 and 
-Z
 flag
specify the zoom level.
render_list -m default -a -z 0 -Z 10


This tutorial is made available with the help from Miles B. Dyson.

问题一：若是显示China地图，地标在浏览器会出现乱码问题

1.查看错误
su osm -c "renderd -f -c /usr/local/etc/renderd.conf"
里面会提示有哪些字体找不到

2.下载以下字体：

sudo apt-get -y install fonts-wqy-zenhei

sudo apt-get install unifont
sudo apt-get install ttf-unifont
下载字体保存在/usr/share/fonts/truetype路径下

3.修改/home/osm/openstreetmap-carto-2.41.0/style.xml样式表，将错误中提示找不到的字体样式全部改成可以找到的字体样式

4.删除缓存
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mod_tile/default/*

5.打开浏览器重新访问地图

缓存tiles到/var/lib/mod_tile目录下，方便以后加载
render_list -m default -a -z 0 -Z 18