Mac OS X 搭建PXE服务器并无人值守安装Linux系统（基于DHCP TFTP NFS kickstart）

环境：Mac Air OS X 10.10；CentOS6.7

PXE安装系统原理

示意图（引用）

配置DHCP server

方法一

安装获得dhcpd命令

brew install isc-dhcp

修改 /usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf

＃cat /usr/local/etc/dhcp.conf
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
authoritative;

#option domain-name ustc.edu.cn ;
#option domain-name-servers 202.38.64.7 ;

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.250;
#range 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.250;
option routers 192.168.1.1;
option domain-name-servers 202.38.64.7 ;
next-server 192.168.1.1;
filename "BOOTX64.efi";
#filename "/private/pxe/share_tftp/pxelinux.0";
}

启动DHCP

连接以太网络网线，并找到其网络设备名，此地为en3

＃/usr/local/sbin/dhcpd -f -d en3

方法二（not tested）

编辑/etc/bootpd.plist使：

$cat /etc/bootpd.plist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>dhcp_enabled</key>
<string>en3</string>
<key>Subnets</key>
<array>
<dict>
<key>name</key>
<string>192.168.1</string>
<key>net_mask</key>
<string>255.255.255.0</string>
<key>net_address</key>
<string>192.168.1.0</string>
<key>net_range</key>
<array>
<string>192.168.1.2</string>
<string>192.168.1.254</string>
</array>
<key>allocate</key>
<true/>
<key>dhcp_option_66</key>
<string>192.168.1.1</string>
<key>dhcp_option_67</key>
<data>cHhlbGludXguMAA=</data>
</dict>
</array>
</dict>

注意其中dhcp_option_67的参数由以下对pxelinux.0转换而来：

$print %s00 `echo -n pxelinux.0 | xxd -p` | xxd -r -p | openssl base64
cHhlbGludXguMAA

载入启动

＃launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/bootps.plist
＃launchctl unload -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/bootps.plist

配置TFTP server

复制 /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/tftp.plist 到 /private/pxe/tftp.plist 并修改为（或者直接修改使用前面文件）：

sh-3.2# cat /private/pxe/tftp.plist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>Disabled</key>
<true/>
<key>Label</key>
<string>com.apple.tftpd</string>
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
<array>
<string>/usr/libexec/tftpd</string>
<string>-i</string>
<string>/private/pxe/share_tftp</string>
</array>
<key>inetdCompatibility</key>
<dict>
<key>Wait</key>
<true/>
</dict>
<key>InitGroups</key>
<true/>
<key>Sockets</key>
<dict>
<key>Listeners</key>
<dict>
<key>SockServiceName</key>
<string>tftp</string>
<key>SockType</key>
<string>dgram</string>
</dict>
</dict>
</dict>
</plist>
sh-3.2#

to start the TFTP server

＃launchctl load －F /private/pxe/tftp.plist

（-w可以在TFTP sever disable的情况下自动enable，-F则是强制load）

to stop it

＃launchctl unload -F /private/pxe/tftp.plist

放入必要文件，the folder reads:

sh-3.2# ls -R /private/pxe/share_tftp
LegacyBOOT

./LegacyBOOT:
DFPT.jpg	centos6.7	menu.msg	pxelinux.0	pxelinux.cfg

./LegacyBOOT/centos6.7:
TRANS.TBL	initrd.img	vmlinuz

./LegacyBOOT/pxelinux.cfg:
default

检查TFTP服务是否工作

sh-3.2# tftp localhost
tftp> get LegacyBOOT/pxelinux.0
Received 27157 bytes in 0.0 seconds
tftp> quit
sh-3.2# ls
dhcpd.conf	pxelinux.0	share_nfs	share_tftp	tftp.plist
sh-3.2# rm pxelinux.0

cat menu.msg

sh-3.2# cat share_tftp/menu.msg
Choose one of the following labels in order to boot:
- centos6.7
sh-3.2#

cat pxelinux.cfg/default

sh-3.2# cat /private/pxe/share_tftp//LegacyBOOT/pxelinux.cfg/default
timeout 100

prompt 1

display menu.msg

default 0

label locate
localboot 0

label centos
menu label CentOS 6.7 x86_64 KS
kernel centos6.7/vmlinuz
append initrd=centos6.7/initrd.img ramdisk_size=100 ksdevice=eth0 ks=nfs:192.168.1.1:/private/pxe/share_nfs/ks.cfg ip=dhcp

ks.cfg是kickstart无值守安装配置文件

此处略过，按需操作。

配置NFS服务

编辑文件

sudo nano /etc/exports

为

sh-3.2# cat /etc/exports
/private/pxe/share_nfs -maproot=nobody -ro -alldirs -network 192.168.0.0 -mask 255.255.0.0
sh-3.2#

运行

nfsd checkexports

正常没有输出。

检查NFS状态

nfsd status

检查共享目录

sh-3.2# showmount -e
Exports list on localhost:
/private/pxe/share_nfs              192.168.0.0

修改为支持UEFI PXE启动

准备文件，新增目录EFIBOOT

sh-3.2# ls -R /private/pxe/share_tftp/EFIBOOT/
BOOTX64.conf	BOOTX64.efi	TRANS.TBL	efidefault	splash.xpm.gz

除efidefault外，其他均来自CentOS 6.7 x86-64 ISO中的 EFI/BOOT目录。

修改dhcpd.conf为支持UEFI

sh-3.2# cat /usr/local/etc/dhcpd.conf
# for PXE

default-lease-time 600;

max-lease-time 7200;

authoritative;

#option domain-name ustc.edu.cn ;
#option domain-name-servers 202.38.64.7 ;

option space PXE;
option PXE.mtftp-ip    code 1 = ip-address;
option PXE.mtftp-cport code 2 = unsigned integer 16;
option PXE.mtftp-sport code 3 = unsigned integer 16;
option PXE.mtftp-tmout code 4 = unsigned integer 8;
option PXE.mtftp-delay code 5 = unsigned integer 8;
option arch code 93 = unsigned integer 16; # RFC4578

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.250;
#range 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.250;
option routers 192.168.1.1;
option domain-name-servers 202.38.64.7 ;

#host examplehost {
#  hardware ethernet AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF;
#  fixed-address 192.168.1.250;
#}

class "pxelients" {
match if substring(option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
next-server 192.168.1.1;
if option arch = 00:06 {
filename "EFIBOOTIA/BOOTIA32.efi";
} else if option arch = 00:07 {
filename "EFIBOOT/BOOTX64.efi";
} else {
filename "LegacyBOOT/pxelinux.0";
}

}
}

pxelinux.cfg/default文件换成efidefault

sh-3.2# cat EFIBOOT/efidefault
timeout 60

#prompt 1

splashimage=(nd)/splash.xpm.gz

#hiddenmenu

#display menu.msg

default=0
#default centos6.7
#default vesamenu.c32
#default rescue

title Install centos6.7 UEFI KS
root (nd)
kernel LegacyBOOT/centos6.7/vmlinuz ramdisk_size=100 ksdevice=eth0 ks=nfs:192.168.1.1:/private/pxe/share_nfs/ks.cfg ip=dhcp
initrd LegacyBOOT/centos6.7/initrd.img

注意UEFI中的kickstart配置文件ks.cfg等需要置于 kernel vmlinuz 后，而不是legacy 下的 initrd 后。

配置PXE LiveOS

CentOS 6.7 LIve PXE

首先使用 livecd-iso-to-pxeboot 将iso中的kernel与initrd转化为支持Live PXE的，其中initrd中包含整个系统。

PXE配置中使用生成的kernel与initrd。

客户端安装系统

设置BIOS为网络PXE安装（注意Legacy与UEFI两种方式的区别）

启动安装

参考

KickStart：
http://blog.csdn.net/taiyang1987912/article/details/42176709
Mac PXE sever：
https://fvtool.wordpress.com/2013/01/02/osx-as-pxeboot-server/ http://hints.macworld.com/article.php?story=20130625164022823
centOS & EFI：
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Installation_Guide/s1-netboot-pxe-config-efi.html