mac搭建nginx、mysql、php（LNMP）开发环境

自上次翻译了“homebrew”命令后，拖了好久，才写这篇环境搭建，因为平常在公司，只有晚上回去有时间折腾电脑，晚上有时候又有事，或者懒。。，加之穿插了nginx文档的翻译等，还有就是照着教程搭建环境，一直有问题，直到写这篇博客，nginx的开机启动，扔没搞好，等有时间我把 man launchctl 的文档给翻译了，就明白为什么了，有些东西网上不好找，得自己解决了。明早报团去旅游，今天务必把这篇安装教程给整理处理！下面开始：

安装工具：

homebrew一个即可

brew是mac下的包管理工具，就像linux下的apt，它确保安装的包是最新版本。具体可查看之前的命令翻译：

mac的homebrew命令详解&全部选项翻译

安装开发常用的包&软件

brew install wget watch tmux cmake openssl imagemagick graphicsmagick gearman geoip readline autoconf multitail source-highlight autojump zsh-completions sshfs

mac系统使用的shell

查看系统所有shell：

cat /etc/shells
# List of acceptable shells for chpass(1).
# Ftpd will not allow users to connect who are not using
# one of these shells.

/bin/bash
/bin/csh
/bin/ksh
/bin/sh
/bin/tcsh
/bin/zsh

查看当前使用的shell：

echo $SHELL

安装mysql

brew install mysql

安装完成后，会有mysql的一些提示，包括mysql如何启动，mysql的安全机制命令。这里我们开启mysql的安全机制：

/usr/local/opt/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

默认mysql的用户管理员用户为root，密码为空。运行此命令，可以改变root密码，移除匿名用户以及禁止远程使用root管理员账号来登录，这里粘贴下老外博客的截图，真实的mac环境提示就是这样：



1.是否设置root密码，默认应该是空，直接enter即可，然后输入自定义的密码
2.是否删除匿名账户
3.是否禁用root远程登录
4.是否删除test数据表
5.重新加载表权限，让上面的修改，立即生效。

到这里，mysql的安装和配置就结束了，就是这么简单，而且安装的是mysql的最新版本，查看下mysql是否安装成功：

#查看一下MySQL运行情况
➜  ~  ps aux | grep mysql
calvin           1695   0.0  0.5  2719864  90908   ??  S     1:38上午   0:00.31 xxx
calvin           1323   0.0  0.0  2444628   1020   ??  S     1:38上午   0:00.04 xxx
#测试连接MySQL
mysql -uroot -p
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 23
Server version: 5.6.19-log Homebrew

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

mysql设置开机启动：

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/mysql/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist

安装php

安装php之前有一步需要处理。默认，homebrew没有php-fpm的软件，首先我们需要tap(register)一个特殊的PHP仓库：

brew tap homebrew/dupes

brew tap homebrew/php

现在，可以开始运行php的命令了，我们安装php71，最新的：

brew install php71 --with-fpm --with-gmp
--with-imap --with-tidy --with-debug

--with-mysql
--with-libmysql

等php安装完成后，开始安装php的扩展：

可以查看php71有哪些扩展可以安装，可列出所有php71匹配的软件：

brew search php71

具体可安装的扩展列表给忘记了，这里给出几个：

brew install php71-apcu\

php71-gearman

php71-gmagick

php71-imagick

php71-intl

php71-mcrypt

php71-opcache

php71-redis

php71-xdebug

由于mac自带了php和php-fpm，因此，我们需要添加系统环境变量PATH，来替代之前的php版本的命令：

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
如果是默认的Bash shell，使用：

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile && . ~/.bash_profile

如果安装了zsh，使用：

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc && . ~/.zshrc

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

不好意思。。这里我忘记了哪个可用了：

echo 'export PATH="$(brew --prefix php71)/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile  #for php
echo 'export PATH="$(brew --prefix php71)/sbin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile  #for php-fpm
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile #for other brew install soft
source ~/.bash_profile

可通过：在/usr/local/sbin和$(brew --prefix php71)，查找有无php-fpm文件，无非是路径下查找文件而已。

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

设置php开机启动：

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php56/homebrew.mxcl.php71.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/

launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php71.plist

启动php-fpm之后，确保它正常运行监听9000端口：

lsof -Pni4 | grep LISTEN | grep php
php-fpm   30907 calvin    9u  IPv4 0xf11f9e8e8033a2a7      0t0  TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)
php-fpm   30917 calvin    0u  IPv4 0xf11f9e8e8033a2a7      0t0  TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)
php-fpm   30918 calvin    0u  IPv4 0xf11f9e8e8033a2a7      0t0  TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)
php-fpm   30919 calvin    0u  IPv4 0xf11f9e8e8033a2a7      0t0  TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)
#正常情况，会看到上面这些进程

安装php composer

brew install composer

redis和memcached可能没安装，可使用brew info redis和brew info memcached来查看，未安装调用命令：

brew install redis

brew install memcached

安装phpMyAdmin

phpmyadmin的安装，首先需要安装autoconf：

brew install autoconf 
// 之前安装常用软件，可能已经安装过了

brew install phpmyadmin
// 安装phpmyadmin

如果失败，尝试下面操作，记忆中，我好像没用这个：
默认的bash shell：

echo 'PHP_AUTOCONF="'$(which autoconf)'"' >> ~/.bash_profile && . ~/.bash_profile

zsh:

echo 'PHP_AUTOCONF="'$(which autoconf)'"' >> ~/.zshrc && . ~/.zshrc

安装nginx

brew install nginx

nginx启动和关闭命令，可查看之前nginx的翻译：

nginx文档翻译

#测试配置是否有语法错误
nginx -t

#打开 nginx
sudo nginx

#重新加载配置|重启|停止|退出 nginx
nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit

nginx设置开机启动

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist

nginx默认监听80端口，而mac系统，只有root用户才可以打开<1024的监听端口，所以，这里得设置额外的权限：

sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.0_1/bin/nginx	// 这里的版本号换成你自己的
sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.0_1/bin/nginx	// 这里的版本号换成你自己的

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
很不幸，nginx设置开机自启动（也就是调用launchctl load xxx 来打开nginx），我一直没有成功。。。因为mysql和php-fpm的自启动，都是链接到了~/Library/用户的自启动目录下，所以希望nginx的也放到这里。老外的设置，我一直没有尝试，有时间尝试下：

sudo cp -v /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist /Library/LaunchDaemons/

sudo chown root:wheel /Library/LaunchDaemons/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist

并不需要修改nginx的命令文件权限

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
默认安装的nginx，我们可以通过：nginx （找到命令存放的目录，或者保证命令在环境变量中可以找到），如果需要权限，使用：sudo nginx

nginx启动后，测试nginx是否可用：

curl -IL http://127.0.0.1:8080 // 默认安装的nginx监听8080

可以得到如下输出，说明nginx已经成功启动：

HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Server: nginx/1.6.2

Date: Mon, 19 Oct 2014 19:07:47 GMT

Content-Type: text/html

Content-Length: 612

Last-Modified: Mon, 19 Oct 2014 19:01:32 GMT

Connection: keep-alive

ETag: "5444dea7-264"

Accept-Ranges: bytes

至此，nginx已经安装成功。LNMP也已经搭建完毕。

配置nginx的虚拟主机（可继续看我翻译的nginx文档，针对nginx新手），这里就大段的复制老外的代码了,都是nginx的配置，可以放心配置。。

创建需要用到的目录：

kdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginx
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl
sudo mkdir -p /var/www
sudo chown :staff /var/www
sudo chmod 775 /var/www

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

 输入以下内容：

worker_processes  1;

error_log   /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug;

pid        /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
worker_connections  256;
}

http {
include       mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;

log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

access_log  /usr/local/var/logs/access.log  main;

sendfile        on;
keepalive_timeout  65;
port_in_redirect off;

include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

设置nginx php-fpm配置文件

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm
#proxy the php scripts to php-fpm
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files                   $uri = 404;
fastcgi_pass                127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index               index.php;
fastcgi_intercept_errors    on;
include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;
}

nginx虚拟主机准备工作

#创建 info.php index.html 404.html 403.html文件到 /var/www 下面
vi /var/www/info.php
vi /var/www/index.html
vi /var/www/403.html
vi /var/www/404.html

创建默认虚拟主机default

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default

输入：

server {
listen       80;
server_name  localhost;
root         /var/www/;

access_log  /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/default.access.log  main;

location / {
index  index.html index.htm index.php;
autoindex   on;
include     /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
}

location = /info {
allow   127.0.0.1;
deny    all;
rewrite (.*) /.info.php;
}

error_page  404     /404.html;
error_page  403     /403.html;
}

创建ssl默认虚拟主机default-ssl

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default-ssl

输入：

server {
listen       443;
server_name  localhost;
root       /var/www/;

access_log  /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/default-ssl.access.log  main;

ssl                  on;
ssl_certificate      ssl/localhost.crt;
ssl_certificate_key  ssl/localhost.key;

ssl_session_timeout  5m;

ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

location / {
include   /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
}

location = /info {
allow   127.0.0.1;
deny    all;
rewrite (.*) /.info.php;
}

error_page  404     /404.html;
error_page  403     /403.html;
}

创建phpmyadmin虚拟主机

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/phpmyadmin #输入以下配置
server {
listen

80;
server_name  phpmyadmin.devil.com;
root    /usr/local/share/phpmyadmin;

error_log   /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/phpmyadmin.error.log;
access_log  /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/phpmyadmin.access.log main;

ssl                  on;
ssl_certificate      ssl/phpmyadmin.crt;
ssl_certificate_key  ssl/phpmyadmin.key;

ssl_session_timeout  5m;

ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

location / {
index  index.html index.htm index.php;
include   /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
}
}

[/code]

设置SSL

mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl
openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -days 365 -nodes -x509 -subj "/C=US/ST=State/L=Town/O=Office/CN=localhost" -keyout /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/localhost.key -out /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/localhost.crt
openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -days 365 -nodes -x509 -subj "/C=US/ST=State/L=Town/O=Office/CN=phpmyadmin" -keyout /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/phpmyadmin.key -out /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/phpmyadmin.crt

创建虚拟主机软连接，开启虚拟主机

ln -sfv /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
ln -sfv /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default-ssl /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default-ssl
ln -sfv /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/phpmyadmin /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/phpmyadmin

设置服务控制命令别名，vim ~/.bash_aliases

alias nginx.start='launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.stop='launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.restart='nginx.stop && nginx.start'
alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
alias php-fpm.restart='php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start'
alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
alias mysql.restart='mysql.stop && mysql.start'
alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
alias redis.restart='redis.stop && redis.start'
alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
alias memcached.restart='memcached.stop && memcached.start'

同样是根据shell环境，bash shell：

echo "source ~/.bash_aliases" >> ~/.bash_profile && . ~/.bash_profile

zsh shell:

echo "source ~/.bash_aliases" >> ~/.zshrc && ~/.zshrc

（memcached和redis，以同样的自启动方式，来设置。上面未设置。）

参考文章：
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000000606752
它里面提的老外的文章，很多地址失效，尤其是curl命令获取文件的地址，所以非常感谢第一篇作者”fish“：
https://blog.frd.mn/install-nginx-php-fpm-mysql-and-phpmyadmin-on-os-x-mavericks-using-homebrew/