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全新安装Mac OSX 开发者环境 同时使用homebrew搭建 PHP,Nginx ,MySQL,Redis,Memcache ... ... (LNMP开发环境)

2014-10-05 13:33 1241 查看
http://segmentfault.com/blog/fish/1190000000606752

用了一年的Mac OS X了,之前不熟悉这个系统,用的是系统自带的PHP 以及DMG包安装的MySQL,时间长了,慢慢觉得MacBook的速度跟不上了,虽然关机次数不多,但是每次开机,或者唤醒电脑的时候,系统明显有一定时间的卡顿。特别表现在开机的时候。完全可以去泡一个来一桶了。 因此干掉MD101上的光驱,换上256G的Sandisk SSD, 干掉原厂的2G * 2,换上8G * 2 。 速度应该是杠杠的了,至少可以再服役2年吧。

趁着这次加硬盘的机会,就准备彻底重做开发环境。现在对Mac也有了一定的了解,特地记录一下本次的开发环境安装详情,给自己一个备忘,希望也可以帮助到刚接触Mac环境的同学们。本开发环境,全部基于HomeBrew安装。

主要软件版本:PHP5.5.14,Nginx 1.6.0,MySQL5.6.19


OS X Mavericks

重新安装系统,在苹果商店下载好OS X Mavericks安装文件,然后准备一支16G的USB3.0 U盘。制作OS X Mavericks 全新安装启动U盘。

插上U盘,在终端执行:
sudo /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia
--volume /Volumes/untitled --applicationpath /Applications/Install\ OS\ X\ Mavericks.app --nointeraction

untitled 是你的u盘盘符,根据实际情况来。
Erasing Disk: 0%… 10%… 20%… 30%…100%…
>Copying installer files to disk…
Copy complete.
Making disk bootable…
Copying boot files…
>Copy complete.
>Done.


看到上面的信息说明启动盘制作成功。 安装起来so easy :)

安装完成系统之后, 暂时还没有去迁移文件,由于本人喜好摄影,有大量RAW格式的原图在Aperture 的照片库中,尼康D800一张RAW文件有40M左右,到时候迁移照片库和照片流希望不要掉坑里了。 等开发环境搞定再说了,更新OS X系统到10.9.4 ,然后安装最新的Xcode, 以及在商店买过的软件。确定系统无问题了,进入下一步...


Brew

Brew 是 Mac 下面的包管理工具,通过 Github 托管适合 Mac 的编译配置以及 Patch,可以方便的安装开发工具。 Mac 自带ruby 所以安装起来很方便,同时它也会自动把git也给你装上。官方网站: http://brew.sh 。

安装完成之后,建议执行一下自检,
brew
doctor
如果看到Your system is ready to brew. 那么你的brew已经可以开始使用了。

安装:
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/mxcl/homebrew/go/install)"


自检:
brew doctor


常用命令: (所有软件以PHP5.5为例子)
brew update                        #更新brew可安装包,建议每次执行一下
brew search php55                  #搜索php5.5
brew tap josegonzalez/php          #安装扩展<gihhub_user/repo>
brew tap                           #查看安装的扩展列表
brew install php55                 #安装php5.5
brew remove  php55                 #卸载php5.5
brew upgrade php55                 #升级php5.5
brew options php55                 #查看php5.5安装选项
brew info    php55                 #查看php5.5相关信息
brew home    php55                 #访问php5.5官方网站
brew services list                 #查看系统通过 brew 安装的服务
brew services cleanup              #清除已卸载无用的启动配置文件
brew services restart php55        #重启php-fpm


注意:brew services 相关命令最好别经常用了,提示会被移除
➜  ~  brew services restart php55
Warning: brew services is unsupported and will be removed soon.
You should use launchctl instead.
Please feel free volunteer to support it in a tap.

Stopping `php55`... (might take a while)
==> Successfully stopped `php55` (label: homebrew.mxcl.php55)
==> Successfully started `php55` (label: homebrew.mxcl.php55)


Oh My Zsh

ohmyzsh & iTerm2两个神器,在Mac os x下是一定要装的. 两组配合起来使用,加上插件。简直是神一样的存在。 秒杀梅西,内马尔啊:) Oh
猛戳到官网

安装 oh my zsh
curl -L http://install.ohmyz.sh | sh


设置默认shell

查看系统支持的shell列表,Mac 10.9.4 自带了 zsh 5.0.2,Linux上得安装。

cat /etc/shells
# List of acceptable shells for chpass(1).
# Ftpd will not allow users to connect who are not using
# one of these shells.

/bin/bash
/bin/csh
/bin/ksh
/bin/sh
/bin/tcsh
/bin/zsh
zsh --version
zsh 5.0.2 (x86_64-apple-darwin13.0)
chsh -s /bin/zsh


虽然Mac自带了zsh,如果你想要最新版的zsh,那么你用 
brew
install zsh
安装一个最新的吧。
/usr/local/bin/zsh --version
zsh 5.0.5 (x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0)
 区别也不会很大, 默认的版本已经很新了。


homebrew-cask

安装cask:
brew tap phinze/homebrew-cask && brew install brew-cask


cask常用命令:
brew cask search        #列出所有可以被安装的软件
brew cask search php    #查找所有和php相关的应用
brew cask list          #列出所有通过cask安装的软件
brew cask info phpstorm #查看 phpstorm 的信息
brew cask uninstall qq  #卸载 QQ


这里谈谈cask对比Mac App Store的优势:

对常用软件支持更全面(特别是开发者),cask里面会给你一些惊喜;
软件更新速度快,一般都是最新版本 Store上很久很久才会更新版本;
命令安装感觉比打开Store方便,另外Store在国内的速度也是XXOO。


iTerm2

安装iTerm2:
brew cask install iterm2


上面提过的神器组合,更多使用方法请参考iTerm2官方文档
这里就不详细说明了。


安装开发常用的包&软件

安装开发包
brew install wget watch tmux cmake openssl imagemagick graphicsmagick gearman geoip readline autoconf multitail source-highlight autojump zsh-completions sshfs


升级一下系统自带的vim
brew install ctags macvim --env-std --override-system-vim


安装常用软件
brew cask install alfred appcleaner firefox google-chrome phpstorm sublime-text sequel-pro sketch mplayerx thunder qq


Alfred 是个很不错的东西,推荐必须安装。它默认搜索目录不包含brew cask安装的软件,因此手动将
/opt/homebrew-cask
添加到Alfred的搜索目录


MySQL PHP Nginx Redis Memcache

前面做了这么多的准备工作,其实 zsh iTerm2 brew 等等这些由于篇幅以及能力有限,一时半会也讲不完,更多选择,更多欢乐,就在Google search,现在才入正题。come on :)

安装MySQL
brew install mysql


MySQL开机启动:
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/mysql/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist


安装完成之后开启MySQL安全机制:
/usr/local/opt/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation


根据终端提示,输入root密码,然后依次确认一些安全选项。具体信息可以参考外国友人的这篇文章
#查看一下MySQL运行情况
➜  ~  ps aux | grep mysql
calvin           1695   0.0  0.5  2719864  90908   ??  S     1:38上午   0:00.31 /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.19/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.19 --datadir=/usr/local/var/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.19/lib/plugin --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --log-error=/usr/local/var/mysql/CalvinsMacBook-Pro.local.err --pid-file=/usr/local/var/mysql/CalvinsMacBook-Pro.local.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
calvin           1323   0.0  0.0  2444628   1020   ??  S     1:38上午   0:00.04 /bin/sh /usr/local/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --bind-address=127.0.0.1 --datadir=/usr/local/var/mysql

#测试连接MySQL
mysql -uroot -p
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 23
Server version: 5.6.19-log Homebrew

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>


安装phpmyadmin
brew install phpmyadmin


安装PHP

添加brew的PHP扩展库:
brew update
brew tap homebrew/dupes
brew tap josegonzalez/homebrew-php


可以使用
brew options php55
命令来查看安装php5.5的选项,这里我用下面的选项安装:
brew install php55 --with-fpm --with-gmp --with-imap --with-tidy --with-debug --with-mysql --with-libmysql


PHP编译过程中如果遇到
configure:
error: Cannot find OpenSSL's <evp.h>
错误,执行
xcode-select
--install
 重新安装一下Xcode Command Line Tools 在GitHub
HomeBrew上有关于这个讨论:
For future reference of anybody looking for Command Line Tools with Xcode 5, open up a Terminal window and type xcode-select --install. A window will appear informing you command line tools are required. Click Install and you should be good to
go

等待PHP编译完成,开始安装PHP常用扩展,扩展安装过程中brew会自动安装依赖包,例如
php55-pdo-pgsql
 会自动装上
postgresql
,这里我安装以下PHP扩展:
brew install php55-apcu\
php55-gearman\
php55-geoip\
php55-gmagick\
php55-imagick\
php55-intl\
php55-mcrypt\
php55-memcache\
php55-memcached\
php55-mongo\
php55-opcache\
php55-pdo-pgsql\
php55-phalcon\
php55-redis\
php55-sphinx\
php55-swoole\
php55-uuid\
php55-xdebug;


扩展里面提一下php55-phalcon 和 php55-swoole.
一个是C语言写的PHP框架,安装来个人摸索熟悉一下,还没有真正的使用过,大致看了一下文档,感觉非常吊炸天。目前公司的项目是基于Yii2的,也看看这个框架。 另外一个swoole是国产的PHP高性能网络通信框架,貌似不错,可能在项目中会考虑用到它。

由于Mac自带了php和php-fpm,因此需要添加系统环境变量PATH来替代自带PHP版本。
echo 'export PATH="$(brew --prefix php55)/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile  #for php
echo 'export PATH="$(brew --prefix php55)/sbin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile  #for php-fpm
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbib:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile #for other brew install soft
source ~/.bash_profile


测试一下效果:
#brew安装的php 他在/usr/local/opt/php55/bin/php
php -v
PHP 5.5.14 (cli) (built: Jul 16 2014 15:43:06) (DEBUG)
Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.5.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies
with Zend OPcache v7.0.3, Copyright (c) 1999-2014, by Zend Technologies
with Xdebug v2.2.5, Copyright (c) 2002-2014, by Derick Rethans

#Mac自带的PHP
/usr/bin/php -v
PHP 5.4.24 (cli) (built: Jan 19 2014 21:32:15)
Copyright (c) 1997-2013 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.4.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2013 Zend Technologies

#brew安装的php-fpm 他在/usr/local/opt/php55/sbin/php-fpm
php-fpm -v
PHP 5.5.14 (fpm-fcgi) (built: Jul 16 2014 15:43:12) (DEBUG)
Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.5.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies
with Zend OPcache v7.0.3, Copyright (c) 1999-2014, by Zend Technologies
with Xdebug v2.2.5, Copyright (c) 2002-2014, by Derick Rethans

#Mac自带的php-fpm
/usr/sbin/php-fpm -v
PHP 5.4.24 (fpm-fcgi) (built: Jan 19 2014 21:32:57)
Copyright (c) 1997-2013 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.4.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2013 Zend Technologies


修改php-fpm配置文件,
vim /usr/local/etc/php/5.5/php-fpm.conf
,找到pid相关大概在25行,去掉注释 
pid
= run/php-fpm.pid
, 那么php-fpm的pid文件就会自动产生在
/usr/local/var/run/php-fpm.pid
,下面要安装的Nginx
pid文件也放在这里。
#测试php-fpm配置
php-fpm -t
php-fpm -c /usr/local/etc/php/5.5/php.ini -y /usr/local/etc/php/5.5/php-fpm.conf -t

#启动php-fpm
php-fpm -D
php-fpm -c /usr/local/etc/php/5.5/php.ini -y /usr/local/etc/php/5.5/php-fpm.conf -D

#关闭php-fpm
kill -INT `cat /usr/local/var/run/php-fpm.pid`

#重启php-fpm
kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/var/run/php-fpm.pid`

#也可以用上文提到的brew命令来重启php-fpm,不过他官方不推荐用这个命令了
brew services restart php55

#还可以用这个命令来启动php-fpm
launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist


启动php-fpm之后,确保它正常运行监听9000端口:
lsof -Pni4 | grep LISTEN | grep php
php-fpm   30907 calvin    9u  IPv4 0xf11f9e8e8033a2a7      0t0  TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)
php-fpm   30917 calvin    0u  IPv4 0xf11f9e8e8033a2a7      0t0  TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)
php-fpm   30918 calvin    0u  IPv4 0xf11f9e8e8033a2a7      0t0  TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)
php-fpm   30919 calvin    0u  IPv4 0xf11f9e8e8033a2a7      0t0  TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)
#正常情况,会看到上面这些进程


PHP-FPM开机启动:
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php55/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist


安装php composer
brew install composer
#检查一下情况
composer --version
Composer version 1.0.0-alpha8 2014-01-06 18:39:59


redis memcached这些软件brew 已经自动依赖安装上,如果想开机自动启动,或者查看使用说明 
brew
info redis
即可。另外,composer的中文文档:猛戳这里

安装Nginx
brew install nginx --with-http_geoip_module


Nginx启动关闭命令:
#测试配置是否有语法错误
nginx -t

#打开 nginx
sudo nginx

#重新加载配置|重启|停止|退出 nginx
nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit

#也可以使用Mac的launchctl来启动|停止
launchctl unload ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist


Nginx开机启动
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist


Nginx监听80端口需要root权限执行,因此:
sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.0_1/bin/nginx
sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.0_1/bin/nginx


配置nginx.conf

创建需要用到的目录:
mkdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginx
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl
sudo mkdir -p /var/www
sudo chown :staff /var/www
sudo chmod 775 /var/www


vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
 输入以下内容:
worker_processes  1;

error_log   /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug;

pid        /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
worker_connections  256;
}

http {
include       mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;

log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

access_log  /usr/local/var/logs/access.log  main;

sendfile        on;
keepalive_timeout  65;
port_in_redirect off;

include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}


设置nginx php-fpm配置文件
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm
#proxy the php scripts to php-fpm
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files                   $uri = 404;
fastcgi_pass                127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index               index.php;
fastcgi_intercept_errors    on;
include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;
}


nginx虚拟主机准备工作
#创建 info.php index.html 404.html 403.html文件到 /var/www 下面
vi /var/www/info.php
vi /var/www/index.html
vi /var/www/403.html
vi /var/www/404.html


创建默认虚拟主机default
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default
输入:
server {
listen       80;
server_name  localhost;
root         /var/www/;

access_log  /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/default.access.log  main;

location / {
index  index.html index.htm index.php;
autoindex   on;
include     /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
}

location = /info {
allow   127.0.0.1;
deny    all;
rewrite (.*) /.info.php;
}

error_page  404     /404.html;
error_page  403     /403.html;
}


创建ssl默认虚拟主机default-ssl
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default-ssl
输入:
server {
listen       443;
server_name  localhost;
root       /var/www/;

access_log  /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/default-ssl.access.log  main;

ssl                  on;
ssl_certificate      ssl/localhost.crt;
ssl_certificate_key  ssl/localhost.key;

ssl_session_timeout  5m;

ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

location / {
include   /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
}

location = /info {
allow   127.0.0.1;
deny    all;
rewrite (.*) /.info.php;
}

error_page  404     /404.html;
error_page  403     /403.html;
}


创建phpmyadmin虚拟主机
vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/phpmyadmin #输入以下配置
server {
listen       306;
server_name  localhost;
root    /usr/local/share/phpmyadmin;

error_log   /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/phpmyadmin.error.log;
access_log  /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/phpmyadmin.access.log main;

ssl                  on;
ssl_certificate      ssl/phpmyadmin.crt;
ssl_certificate_key  ssl/phpmyadmin.key;

ssl_session_timeout  5m;

ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

location / {
index  index.html index.htm index.php;
include   /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
}
}


设置SSL
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl
openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -days 365 -nodes -x509 -subj "/C=US/ST=State/L=Town/O=Office/CN=localhost" -keyout /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/localhost.key -out /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/localhost.crt
openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -days 365 -nodes -x509 -subj "/C=US/ST=State/L=Town/O=Office/CN=phpmyadmin" -keyout /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/phpmyadmin.key -out /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl/phpmyadmin.crt


创建虚拟主机软连接,开启虚拟主机
ln -sfv /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
ln -sfv /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/default-ssl /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default-ssl
ln -sfv /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available/phpmyadmin /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/phpmyadmin


启动|停止Nginx
launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist


接下来你可以通过下面这些连接访问:

http://localhost/ -> index.html
http://localhost/info -> info.php via phpinfo();
http://localhost/404 -> 404.html
https://localhost/ -> index.html(SSL)
https://localhost/info -> info.php via phpinfo();(SSL)
https://localhost/404 -> 404.html(SSL)
https://localhost:306 -> phpmyadmin(SSL)


设置快捷服务控制命令

为了后面管理方便,将命令 alias 下,
vim ~/.bash_aliases
 输入一下内容:
alias nginx.start='launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.stop='launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.restart='nginx.stop && nginx.start'
alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
alias php-fpm.restart='php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start'
alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
alias mysql.restart='mysql.stop && mysql.start'
alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
alias redis.restart='redis.stop && redis.start'
alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
alias memcached.restart='memcached.stop && memcached.start'

#让快捷命令生效
echo "[[ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]] && . ~/.bash_aliases" >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile
#创建站点目录到主目录,方便快捷访问
ln -sfv /var/www ~/htdocs


有时间会进一步整理一下,感觉有点乱,第一次在segmentfault上码字,写到一半的时候不小心滑一下触摸板,浏览器后退了,虽然有提示不要离开,点击了不离开之后,Safari白屏。 然后还特地去吐了个槽
害我白白又浪费很久来写这个博客。希望能帮助到刚刚接触Mac的同学。enjoy Mac‘s development EVN :)
参考资料:Install
Nginx, PHP-FPM, MySQL and phpMyAdmin on OS X Mavericks using Homebrew
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