在django中访问静态文件(js css img)

刚开始参考的是别的文章,后来参考文章《各种 django 静态文件的配置总结》才看到原来没有但是没有注意到版本,折腾了一晚上,浪费了很多很多时间.后来终于知道搜索django1.7访问静态文件.真是傻×.

环境:
python 2.7.3
django 1.7.5

django是不善于处理静态文件这种事情的.这样的工作要交给nginx或者apache这样的服务器.但是在调试时还是要配置一下的
django 1.7.5配置访问静态文件貌似比其他的版本都要简单一些.只需要如下步骤:

收集静态文件,然后放在app下的static中,目录如下:

iot_app
├── admin.py
├── admin.pyc
├── forms.py
├── forms.pyc
├── __init__.py
├── __init__.pyc
├── migrations
│   ├── 0001_initial.py
│   ├── 0001_initial.pyc
│   ├── 0002_auto_20150317_1623.py
│   ├── 0002_auto_20150317_1623.pyc
│   ├── __init__.py
│   └── __init__.pyc
├── models.py
├── models.pyc
├── static
│   ├── css
│   │   ├── bootstrap.css
│   │   ├── bootstrap.css.map
│   │   ├── bootstrap.min.css
│   │   ├── bootstrap-theme.css
│   │   ├── bootstrap-theme.css.map
│   │   └── bootstrap-theme.min.css
│   ├── fonts
│   │   ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot
│   │   ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg
│   │   ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf
│   │   ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff
│   │   └── glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff2
│   ├── images
│   │   ├── chrome.png
│   │   ├── firefox.png
│   │   ├── ie.png
│   │   ├── opera.png
│   │   └── safari.png
│   └── js
│       ├── bootstrap.js
│       ├── bootstrap.min.js
│       ├── html5shiv.js
│       ├── html5shiv.min.js
│       ├── jquery-1.11.1.js
│       ├── jquery-1.11.1.min.js
│       ├── jquery-1.11.1.min.map
│       ├── jquery-1.11.2.min.js
│       ├── jquery-1.11.2.min.map
│       ├── npm.js
│       └── respond.min.js
├── templates
│   ├── base.html
│   ├── buttons.html
│   ├── contact.html
│   ├── form.html
│   ├── form_inline.html
│   ├── formset.html
│   ├── form_using_template.html
│   ├── index.html
│   ├── login.html
│   ├── pagination.html
│   └── tabs.html
├── tests.py
├── views.py
└── views.pyc

设置setting.py

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/'),
#    '/var/www/static',
)

在模版中使用

{% load staticfiles %} < img src = "{% static "img/test.jpg" %}" alt = "test"/>
或者
{% load staticfiles %} < link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/header.css' %}" >

注意：

确保setting.py中的INSTALL_APPS中包含django.contrib.staticfiles

确保setting.py中的DEBUG选项为True，否则无法映射到静态文件目录

在生产模式中不可设置为True哦，所以生产模式下的配置是不一样的,下面使用nginx来配置静态资源.
补充:
说明一下,有关几个settings中设置的问题 static_root static_url staticfiles_dirs:

settings.py中
As for the static folder under myproject root, actually it doesn’t necessarily have to be there. As long as STATIC_ROOT (in settings.py) points to the same location. So what’s going on here is when you do:

python manage.py collectstatic

It will copy all the individual static folder to the STATIC_ROOT folder, that’s why in each of your app, you need to follow the naming convention like this:

app_one/static/app_one/css

You are not supposed to put stuff directly under the app’s static folder, which might cause name collisions when you collectstatic.
也就是说.在执行collectstatic时,会自动的把每个app下的static文件拷贝到static_root指定的路径下.另外采用这样的目录格式app_one/static/app_one,这样在有多个app的情况下.可以就不会因为有文件名相同的文件被覆盖掉

the STATIC_URL in the settings.py
This url will appear in your browser:
(BTW, make sure the URL ends with a slash/, without a slash it might work but very unstable, django will error out this in the log)

# STATIC_URL = '/static/' # it doesn't have to this
STATIC_URL = '/static/monkeyking/' # it can be anything

You shouldn’t hardcode the img or css in your template something like:

... url = "/static/app_one/css/mycss.css" ...
... url = "../../static/app_one/img/logo.png" ...

In stead, you should do this in your template:

{% load staticfiles %}
< link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static "gl_pulltabs/css/foundation.css" %}" / >

这个STATIC_URL的作用其实是:在settings.py中DEBUG和TEMPLATE_DEBUG都为开的情况下.只要在模版中像上面这样使用,就会自动的在前面加上/static/.例如你想要请求的是/static/app_one/css/mycss.css,那么如果你讲STATIC_URL设置为/static/appone/,那么你只要使用{% static “css/mycss.css” %}就可以了.



STATICFILES_DIRS
Here, in settings.py again, you need to explicitly tell django where else to look for static files:

STATICFILES_DIRS = (
"/path/to/your/project/yourapp/static/",
...
)

Can you put your deploy static folder(STATIC_ROOT) path to here, so you can save some disk space? No, you cannot! django won’t allow it.