Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器
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Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版）[原创]
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2010-3-4 20:10 | by 张宴 ]
[文章作者：张宴 本文版本：v6.3
最后修改：2010.07.26 转载请注明原文链接：http://blog.zyan.cc/nginx_php_v6/]
前言：本文是我撰写的关于搭建“Nginx + PHP（FastCGI）”Web服务器的第6篇文章。本系列文章作为国内最早详细介绍
Nginx + PHP 安装、配置、使用的资料之一，为推动 Nginx
在国内的发展产生了积极的作用。本文可能不断更新小版本，请记住原文链接“http://blog.zyan.cc/nginx_php_v6/”，获取最新内容。第6篇文章主要介绍了Nginx
0.8.x新的平滑重启方式，将PHP升级到了5.2.14，修正了PEAR问题。另将MySQL
5.1.x升级到了5.5.x系列，配置文件变更较大。
链接：《2007年9月的第1版》、《2007年12月的第2版》、《2008年6月的第3版》、《2008年8月的第4版》、《2009年5月的第5版》
Nginx ("engine x")
是一个高性能的 HTTP
和反向代理服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP
代理服务器。 Nginx
是由 Igor Sysoev
为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru
站点开发的，它已经在该站点运行超过三年了。Igor
将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。
Nginx
超越 Apache
的高性能和稳定性，使得国内使用 Nginx
作为 Web
服务器的网站也越来越多，其中包括新浪博客、新浪播客、网易新闻、腾讯网、搜狐博客等门户网站频道，六间房、56.com等视频分享网站，Discuz!官方论坛、水木社区等知名论坛，盛大在线、金山逍遥网等网络游戏网站，豆瓣、人人网、YUPOO相册、金山爱词霸、迅雷在线等新兴Web
2.0网站。
Nginx
的官方中文维基：http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxChs
在高并发连接的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果，Nginx
0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数，相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍。
根据我的经验，4GB内存的服务器+Apache（prefork模式）一般只能处理3000个并发连接，因为它们将占用3GB以上的内存，还得为系统预留1GB的内存。我曾经就有两台Apache服务器，因为在配置文件中设置的MaxClients为4000，当Apache并发连接数达到3800时，导致服务器内存和Swap空间用满而崩溃。
而这台 Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14(FastCGI)
服务器在3万并发连接下，开启的10个Nginx进程消耗150M内存（15M*10=150M），开启的64个php-cgi进程消耗1280M内存（20M*64=1280M），加上系统自身消耗的内存，总共消耗不到2GB内存。如果服务器内存较小，完全可以只开启25个php-cgi进程，这样php-cgi消耗的总内存数才500M。
在3万并发连接下，访问Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP5.2.14 (FastCGI)
服务器的PHP程序，仍然速度飞快。下图为Nginx的状态监控页面，显示的活动连接数为28457（关于Nginx的监控页配置，会在本文接下来所给出的Nginx配置文件中写明）：
我生产环境下的两台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器，跑多个一般复杂的纯PHP动态程序，单台Nginx
+PHP5（FastCGI）服务器跑PHP动态程序的处理能力已经超过“700次请求/秒”，相当于每天可以承受6000万（700*60*60*24=60480000）的访问量（更多信息见此），而服务器的系统负载也不高：
2009年9月3日下午2：30，金山游戏《剑侠情缘网络版叁》临时维护1小时（http://kefu.xoyo.com/gonggao/jx3/2009-09-03/750438.shtml），大量玩家上官网，论坛、评论、客服等动态应用Nginx服务器集群，每台服务器的Nginx活动连接数达到2.8万，这是笔者遇到的Nginx生产环境最高并发值。
下面是用100个并发连接分别去压生产环境中同一负载均衡器VIP下、提供相同服务的两台服务器，一台为Nginx，另一台为Apache，Nginx每秒处理的请求数是Apache的两倍多，Nginx服务器的系统负载、CPU使用率远低于Apache：
你可以将连接数开到10000～30000，去压Nginx和Apache上的phpinfo.php，这是用浏览器访问Nginx上的phpinfo.php一切正常，而访问Apache服务器的phpinfo.php，则是该页无法显示。4G内存的服务器，即使再优化，Apache也很难在“webbench-c
30000 -t 60 http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/phpinfo.php”的压力情况下正常访问，而调整参数优化后的Nginx可以。
webbench
下载地址：http://blog.zyan.cc/post/288/
注意：webbench
做压力测试时，该软件自身也会消耗CPU和内存资源，为了测试准确，请将webbench
安装在别的服务器上。
测试结果：##### Nginx + PHP #####
引用
[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
Webbench -Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright(c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
100clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=102450pages/min, 16490596 bytes/sec.
Requests:51225 susceed, 0 failed.
top - 14:06:13 up 27 days, 2:25, 2
users, load average: 14.57, 9.89, 6.51
Tasks: 287 total, 4 running, 283 sleeping,
0stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 49.9% us, 6.7% sy, 0.0%
ni, 41.4% id, 1.1% wa, 0.1%hi, 0.8%
si
Mem: 6230016k total, 2959468k
used, 3270548kfree, 635992k buffers
Swap: 2031608k total, 3696k
used, 2027912k free, 1231444k cached
测试结果：##### Apache+ PHP #####
引用
[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
Webbench -Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright(c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
100clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=42184pages/min, 31512914 bytes/sec.
Requests:21092 susceed, 0 failed.
top - 14:06:20 up 27 days, 2:13, 2
users, load average: 62.15, 26.36, 13.42
Tasks: 318 total, 7 running, 310 sleeping,
0stopped, 1 zombie
Cpu(s): 80.4% us, 10.6% sy, 0.0% ni, 7.9%
id, 0.1% wa, 0.1% hi, 0.9%
si
Mem: 6230016k total, 3075948k
used, 3154068kfree, 379896k buffers
Swap: 2031608k total, 12592k
used, 2019016k free, 1117868k cached
为什么Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多？这得益于Nginx使用了最新的epoll（Linux
2.6内核）和kqueue（freebsd）网络I/O模型，而Apache则使用的是传统的select模型。目前Linux下能够承受高并发访问的Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll网络I/O模型。
处理大量的连接的读写，Apache所采用的select网络I/O模型非常低效。下面用一个比喻来解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型进行之间的区别：
假设你在大学读书，住的宿舍楼有很多间房间，你的朋友要来找你。select版宿管大妈就会带着你的朋友挨个房间去找，直到找到你为止。而epoll版宿管大妈会先记下每位同学的房间号，你的朋友来时，只需告诉你的朋友你住在哪个房间即可，不用亲自带着你的朋友满大楼找人。如果来了10000个人，都要找自己住这栋楼的同学时，select版和epoll版宿管大妈，谁的效率更高，不言自明。同理，在高并发服务器中，轮询I/O是最耗时间的操作之一，select和epoll的性能谁的性能更高，同样十分明了。
安装步骤：
（系统要求：Linux 2.6+
内核，本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS5.3，另在RedHat
AS4上也安装成功）
一、获取相关开源程序：
1、【适用CentOS操作系统】利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库（RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包，进行安装）：
sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpnglibpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-develglibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2
bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-develcurl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-developenssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clientsopenldap-servers
2、【适用RedHat操作系统】RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包（事先可通过类似“rpm
-qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在，通常是“xxx-devel”不存在，需要安装）。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安装，以下是RPM包下载网址：
①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS4
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/
②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS5
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/
③、RPM包搜索网站
http://rpm.pbone.net/
http://www.rpmfind.net/
④、RedHat AS4
系统环境，通常情况下缺少的支持包安装：
Ⅰ、i386
系统
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
Ⅱ、x86_64
系统
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
3、【适用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系统】下载程序源码包：
本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2010年07月26日的最新稳定版。
①、从软件的官方网站下载：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.14.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.10.tar.gz
wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.6.1/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
②、从blog.zyan.cc下载（比较稳定，只允许在本站，或者在Linux/Unix下通过Wget、Curl等命令下载以下软件）：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.14.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-8.10.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
二、安装PHP 5.2.14（FastCGI模式）
1、编译安装PHP 5.2.14所需的支持库：
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8/usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
2、编译安装MySQL 5.5.3-m3
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.3-m3/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/--enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client--with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server--enable-local-infile
--with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../
附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下几步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。
①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/
②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db--basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data--user=mysql
③、创建my.cnf配置文件：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf
输入以下内容：
引用
[client]
character-set-server= utf8
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
character-set-server= utf8
replicate-ignore-db= mysql
replicate-ignore-db= test
replicate-ignore-db= information_schema
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir =/usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir =/data0/mysql/3306/data
log-error= /data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log
pid-file =/data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log =600
max_connections= 5000
max_connect_errors= 6000
table_cache= 614
external-locking= FALSE
max_allowed_packet= 32M
sort_buffer_size= 1M
join_buffer_size= 1M
thread_cache_size= 300
#thread_concurrency= 8
query_cache_size= 512M
query_cache_limit= 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit= 2k
default-storage-engine= MyISAM
thread_stack= 192K
transaction_isolation= READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size= 246M
max_heap_table_size= 246M
long_query_time= 3
log-slave-updates
log-bin =/data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog
binlog_cache_size= 4M
binlog_format= MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size= 8M
max_binlog_size= 1G
relay-log-index= /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file= /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log= /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days= 30
key_buffer_size= 256M
read_buffer_size= 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size= 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size= 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size= 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size= 10G
myisam_repair_threads= 1
myisam_recover
interactive_timeout= 120
wait_timeout= 120
skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry= 10
slave-skip-errors= 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
#master-host = 192.168.1.2
#master-user = username
#master-password = password
#master-port = 3306
server-id= 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size= 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size= 512M
innodb_data_file_path= ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads= 4
innodb_thread_concurrency= 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit= 2
innodb_log_buffer_size= 16M
innodb_log_file_size= 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group= 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct= 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout= 120
innodb_file_per_table= 0
#log-slow-queries= /data0/mysql/3306/slow.log
#long_query_time= 10
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet= 32M
④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
输入以下内容（这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建）：
#!/bin/sh
mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="admin"
mysql_password="12345678"
function_start_mysql()
{
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe--defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null&
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username}-p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 5
function_start_mysql
}
function_kill_mysql()
{
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}
if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
function_start_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
function_kill_mysql
else
printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql{start|stop|restart|kill}\n"
fi
⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限：
chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
⑥、启动MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start
⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
⑧、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY'12345678';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY'12345678';
⑨、（可选）停止MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop
3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1
cd php-5.2.14/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc--with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql--with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local
--with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir--with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath--enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop--enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers--enable-mbregex
--enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect--enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl--with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl--with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config--with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-2.3.0/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir=
"./"
修改为extension_dir ="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension= "memcache.so"
extension= "pdo_mysql.so"
extension= "imagick.so"
再查找output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On
再查找; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
修改为cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。
自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改：
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir ="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension= "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension
="imagick.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#'/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data =On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g"/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g"/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
引用
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
7、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.zyan.cc和www.zyan.cc两个虚拟主机使用的目录：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www
8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP
用于程序调试，请将以下的<valuename="display_errors">0</value>改为<valuename="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx
会报状态为500的空白错误页）：
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>
Allrelative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
<sectionname="global_options">
Pid file
<valuename="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
Error log file
<valuename="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
Log level
<value name="log_level">notice</value>
When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
<valuename="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will beinitiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's sharedmemory.
<valuename="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
<value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
Set to 'no' to debug fpm
<value name="daemonize">yes</value>
</section>
<workers>
<section name="pool">
Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
<valuename="name">default</value>
Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or'/path/to/unix/socket'
<valuename="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
<value name="listen_options">
Set listen(2) backlog
<valuename="backlog">-1</value>
Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in orderto allow connections from web server.
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connectionsregardless of permissions.
<value name="owner"></value>
<value name="group"></value>
<valuename="mode">0666</value>
</value>
Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool ofworkers.
<value name="php_defines">
<valuename="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
<valuename="display_errors">0</value>
</value>
Unix user of processes
<value name="user">www</value>
Unix group of processes
<valuename="group">www</value>
Process manager settings
<value name="pm">
Sets style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
<valuename="style">static</value>
Sets the limit on the number of simultaneousrequests that will be served.
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment inoriginal php.fcgi
Used with any pm_style.
<valuename="max_children">128</value>
Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
<value name="apache_like">
Sets the number of server processes created onstartup.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<valuename="StartServers">20</value>
Sets the desired minimum number of idle serverprocesses.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<valuename="MinSpareServers">5</value>
Sets the desired maximum number of idle serverprocesses.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<valuename="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
</value>
</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving a singlerequest after which the worker process will be terminated
Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini optiondoes not stop script execution for some reason
'0s' means 'off'
<valuename="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving of singlerequest after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
'0s' means 'off'
<valuename="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
The log file for slow requests
<valuename="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
Set open file desc rlimit
<valuename="rlimit_files">65535</value>
Set max core size rlimit
<valuename="rlimit_core">0</value>
Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chroot"></value>
Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chdir"></value>
Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main errorlog.
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null,according to FastCGI specs
<valuename="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
How much requests each process should execute beforerespawn.
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd partylibraries.
For endless request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
<valuename="max_requests">1024</value>
Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGIclients that allowed to connect.
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment inoriginal php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
<valuename="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
<value name="environment">
<valuename="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
<valuename="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
<value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
<valuename="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
<valuename="TEMP">/tmp</value>
<valuename="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
<valuename="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
<valuename="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
</value>
</section>
</workers>
</configuration>
9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。
三、安装Nginx 0.8.46
1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：
tar zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.10/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.46/
./configure --user=www --group=www--prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module--with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../
3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
4、创建Nginx配置文件
①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容：
引用
user www www;
worker_processes8;
error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifiesthe value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by thisprocess.
worker_rlimit_nofile65535;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections65535;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#charset gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size128;
client_header_buffer_size32k;
large_client_header_buffers4 32k;
client_max_body_size8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout300;
fastcgi_send_timeout300;
fastcgi_read_timeout300;
fastcgi_buffer_size64k;
fastcgi_buffers 464k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/cssapplication/xml;
gzip_vary on;
#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name blog.zyan.cc;
indexindex.html index.htm index.php;
root /data0/htdocs/blog;
#limit_conn crawler 20;
location~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_indexindex.php;
includefcgi.conf;
}
location~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
}
log_format access '$remote_addr-
$remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer"'
'"$http_user_agent"$http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /data1/logs/access.log access;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name www.zyan.cc;
indexindex.html index.htm index.php;
root /data0/htdocs/www;
location~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_indexindex.php;
includefcgi.conf;
}
log_format wwwlogs '$remote_addr-
$remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer"'
'"$http_user_agent"$http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name status.blog.zyan.cc;
location/ {
stub_statuson;
access_log off;
}
}
}
②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
输入以下内容：
引用
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING
$query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD
$request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE
$content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH
$content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI
$document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHPonly, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
5、启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容：
引用
ulimit-SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpmstart
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
五、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容：
引用
# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog= 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn= 32768
net.core.wmem_default= 8388608
net.core.rmem_default= 8388608
net.core.rmem_max= 16777216
net.core.wmem_max= 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps= 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries= 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries= 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle= 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len= 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse= 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem= 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans= 3276800
#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout= 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time= 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
theconfiguration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
theconfiguration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was testedsuccessfully
2、平滑重启：
①、对于Nginx 0.8.x版本，现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单，执行以下命令即可：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
②、对于Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本，平滑重启稍微麻烦一些，按照以下步骤进行即可。输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v"grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
6302
这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
输入以下内容：
引用
#!/bin/bash
# Thisscript run at 00:00
# TheNginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"
mkdir -p${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d"yesterday" +"%m")/
mv${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday"+"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date-d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1`cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
crontab -e
输入以下内容：
引用
00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
本文若有小的修改，会第一时间在以下网址发布：
http://blog.zyan.cc/nginx_php_v6/
附：文章修改历史
● [2010年03月04日]
[Version6.0] 新建
● [2010年04月16日]
[Version6.1] Nginx版本升级到0.8.35。
● [2010年05月14日]
[Version6.2] Nginx版本升级到0.8.36。MySQL版本升级到5.5.3-m3，my.cnf配置文件中的thread_concurrency、master-connect-retry参数在新版本中不支持，已经注释掉。
● [2010年07月26日]
[Version6.3] Nginx版本升级到0.8.46。PHP版本升级到5.2.14。其他软件也做了相应的升级。开启php.ini中的cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。
来自 <http://zyan.cc/nginx_php_v6/>
大 | 中 | 小
[
2010-3-4 20:10 | by 张宴 ]
[文章作者：张宴 本文版本：v6.3
最后修改：2010.07.26 转载请注明原文链接：http://blog.zyan.cc/nginx_php_v6/]
前言：本文是我撰写的关于搭建“Nginx + PHP（FastCGI）”Web服务器的第6篇文章。本系列文章作为国内最早详细介绍
Nginx + PHP 安装、配置、使用的资料之一，为推动 Nginx
在国内的发展产生了积极的作用。本文可能不断更新小版本，请记住原文链接“http://blog.zyan.cc/nginx_php_v6/”，获取最新内容。第6篇文章主要介绍了Nginx
0.8.x新的平滑重启方式，将PHP升级到了5.2.14，修正了PEAR问题。另将MySQL
5.1.x升级到了5.5.x系列，配置文件变更较大。
链接：《2007年9月的第1版》、《2007年12月的第2版》、《2008年6月的第3版》、《2008年8月的第4版》、《2009年5月的第5版》
Nginx ("engine x")
是一个高性能的 HTTP
和反向代理服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP
代理服务器。 Nginx
是由 Igor Sysoev
为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru
站点开发的，它已经在该站点运行超过三年了。Igor
将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。
Nginx
超越 Apache
的高性能和稳定性，使得国内使用 Nginx
作为 Web
服务器的网站也越来越多，其中包括新浪博客、新浪播客、网易新闻、腾讯网、搜狐博客等门户网站频道，六间房、56.com等视频分享网站，Discuz!官方论坛、水木社区等知名论坛，盛大在线、金山逍遥网等网络游戏网站，豆瓣、人人网、YUPOO相册、金山爱词霸、迅雷在线等新兴Web
2.0网站。
Nginx
的官方中文维基：http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxChs
在高并发连接的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果，Nginx
0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数，相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍。
根据我的经验，4GB内存的服务器+Apache（prefork模式）一般只能处理3000个并发连接，因为它们将占用3GB以上的内存，还得为系统预留1GB的内存。我曾经就有两台Apache服务器，因为在配置文件中设置的MaxClients为4000，当Apache并发连接数达到3800时，导致服务器内存和Swap空间用满而崩溃。
而这台 Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14(FastCGI)
服务器在3万并发连接下，开启的10个Nginx进程消耗150M内存（15M*10=150M），开启的64个php-cgi进程消耗1280M内存（20M*64=1280M），加上系统自身消耗的内存，总共消耗不到2GB内存。如果服务器内存较小，完全可以只开启25个php-cgi进程，这样php-cgi消耗的总内存数才500M。
在3万并发连接下，访问Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP5.2.14 (FastCGI)
服务器的PHP程序，仍然速度飞快。下图为Nginx的状态监控页面，显示的活动连接数为28457（关于Nginx的监控页配置，会在本文接下来所给出的Nginx配置文件中写明）：
我生产环境下的两台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器，跑多个一般复杂的纯PHP动态程序，单台Nginx
+PHP5（FastCGI）服务器跑PHP动态程序的处理能力已经超过“700次请求/秒”，相当于每天可以承受6000万（700*60*60*24=60480000）的访问量（更多信息见此），而服务器的系统负载也不高：
2009年9月3日下午2：30，金山游戏《剑侠情缘网络版叁》临时维护1小时（http://kefu.xoyo.com/gonggao/jx3/2009-09-03/750438.shtml），大量玩家上官网，论坛、评论、客服等动态应用Nginx服务器集群，每台服务器的Nginx活动连接数达到2.8万，这是笔者遇到的Nginx生产环境最高并发值。
下面是用100个并发连接分别去压生产环境中同一负载均衡器VIP下、提供相同服务的两台服务器，一台为Nginx，另一台为Apache，Nginx每秒处理的请求数是Apache的两倍多，Nginx服务器的系统负载、CPU使用率远低于Apache：
你可以将连接数开到10000～30000，去压Nginx和Apache上的phpinfo.php，这是用浏览器访问Nginx上的phpinfo.php一切正常，而访问Apache服务器的phpinfo.php，则是该页无法显示。4G内存的服务器，即使再优化，Apache也很难在“webbench-c
30000 -t 60 http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/phpinfo.php”的压力情况下正常访问，而调整参数优化后的Nginx可以。
webbench
下载地址：http://blog.zyan.cc/post/288/
注意：webbench
做压力测试时，该软件自身也会消耗CPU和内存资源，为了测试准确，请将webbench
安装在别的服务器上。
测试结果：##### Nginx + PHP #####
引用
[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
Webbench -Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright(c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
100clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=102450pages/min, 16490596 bytes/sec.
Requests:51225 susceed, 0 failed.
top - 14:06:13 up 27 days, 2:25, 2
users, load average: 14.57, 9.89, 6.51
Tasks: 287 total, 4 running, 283 sleeping,
0stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 49.9% us, 6.7% sy, 0.0%
ni, 41.4% id, 1.1% wa, 0.1%hi, 0.8%
si
Mem: 6230016k total, 2959468k
used, 3270548kfree, 635992k buffers
Swap: 2031608k total, 3696k
used, 2027912k free, 1231444k cached
测试结果：##### Apache+ PHP #####
引用
[root@localhost webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
Webbench -Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright(c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
100clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=42184pages/min, 31512914 bytes/sec.
Requests:21092 susceed, 0 failed.
top - 14:06:20 up 27 days, 2:13, 2
users, load average: 62.15, 26.36, 13.42
Tasks: 318 total, 7 running, 310 sleeping,
0stopped, 1 zombie
Cpu(s): 80.4% us, 10.6% sy, 0.0% ni, 7.9%
id, 0.1% wa, 0.1% hi, 0.9%
si
Mem: 6230016k total, 3075948k
used, 3154068kfree, 379896k buffers
Swap: 2031608k total, 12592k
used, 2019016k free, 1117868k cached
为什么Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多？这得益于Nginx使用了最新的epoll（Linux
2.6内核）和kqueue（freebsd）网络I/O模型，而Apache则使用的是传统的select模型。目前Linux下能够承受高并发访问的Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll网络I/O模型。
处理大量的连接的读写，Apache所采用的select网络I/O模型非常低效。下面用一个比喻来解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型进行之间的区别：
假设你在大学读书，住的宿舍楼有很多间房间，你的朋友要来找你。select版宿管大妈就会带着你的朋友挨个房间去找，直到找到你为止。而epoll版宿管大妈会先记下每位同学的房间号，你的朋友来时，只需告诉你的朋友你住在哪个房间即可，不用亲自带着你的朋友满大楼找人。如果来了10000个人，都要找自己住这栋楼的同学时，select版和epoll版宿管大妈，谁的效率更高，不言自明。同理，在高并发服务器中，轮询I/O是最耗时间的操作之一，select和epoll的性能谁的性能更高，同样十分明了。
安装步骤：
（系统要求：Linux 2.6+
内核，本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS5.3，另在RedHat
AS4上也安装成功）
一、获取相关开源程序：
1、【适用CentOS操作系统】利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库（RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包，进行安装）：
sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpnglibpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-develglibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2
bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-develcurl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-developenssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clientsopenldap-servers
2、【适用RedHat操作系统】RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包（事先可通过类似“rpm
-qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在，通常是“xxx-devel”不存在，需要安装）。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安装，以下是RPM包下载网址：
①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS4
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/
②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS5
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/
③、RPM包搜索网站
http://rpm.pbone.net/
http://www.rpmfind.net/
④、RedHat AS4
系统环境，通常情况下缺少的支持包安装：
Ⅰ、i386
系统
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
Ⅱ、x86_64
系统
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
3、【适用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系统】下载程序源码包：
本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2010年07月26日的最新稳定版。
①、从软件的官方网站下载：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.14.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.10.tar.gz
wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.6.1/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
②、从blog.zyan.cc下载（比较稳定，只允许在本站，或者在Linux/Unix下通过Wget、Curl等命令下载以下软件）：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.14.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-8.10.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
二、安装PHP 5.2.14（FastCGI模式）
1、编译安装PHP 5.2.14所需的支持库：
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8/usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
2、编译安装MySQL 5.5.3-m3
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.3-m3/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/--enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client--with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server--enable-local-infile
--with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../
附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下几步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。
①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/
②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db--basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data--user=mysql
③、创建my.cnf配置文件：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf
输入以下内容：
引用
[client]
character-set-server= utf8
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
character-set-server= utf8
replicate-ignore-db= mysql
replicate-ignore-db= test
replicate-ignore-db= information_schema
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir =/usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir =/data0/mysql/3306/data
log-error= /data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log
pid-file =/data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log =600
max_connections= 5000
max_connect_errors= 6000
table_cache= 614
external-locking= FALSE
max_allowed_packet= 32M
sort_buffer_size= 1M
join_buffer_size= 1M
thread_cache_size= 300
#thread_concurrency= 8
query_cache_size= 512M
query_cache_limit= 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit= 2k
default-storage-engine= MyISAM
thread_stack= 192K
transaction_isolation= READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size= 246M
max_heap_table_size= 246M
long_query_time= 3
log-slave-updates
log-bin =/data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog
binlog_cache_size= 4M
binlog_format= MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size= 8M
max_binlog_size= 1G
relay-log-index= /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file= /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log= /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days= 30
key_buffer_size= 256M
read_buffer_size= 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size= 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size= 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size= 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size= 10G
myisam_repair_threads= 1
myisam_recover
interactive_timeout= 120
wait_timeout= 120
skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry= 10
slave-skip-errors= 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
#master-host = 192.168.1.2
#master-user = username
#master-password = password
#master-port = 3306
server-id= 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size= 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size= 512M
innodb_data_file_path= ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads= 4
innodb_thread_concurrency= 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit= 2
innodb_log_buffer_size= 16M
innodb_log_file_size= 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group= 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct= 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout= 120
innodb_file_per_table= 0
#log-slow-queries= /data0/mysql/3306/slow.log
#long_query_time= 10
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet= 32M
④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
输入以下内容（这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建）：
#!/bin/sh
mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="admin"
mysql_password="12345678"
function_start_mysql()
{
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe--defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null&
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username}-p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 5
function_start_mysql
}
function_kill_mysql()
{
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}
if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
function_start_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
function_kill_mysql
else
printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql{start|stop|restart|kill}\n"
fi
⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限：
chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
⑥、启动MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start
⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
⑧、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY'12345678';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY'12345678';
⑨、（可选）停止MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop
3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1
cd php-5.2.14/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc--with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql--with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local
--with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir--with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath--enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop--enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers--enable-mbregex
--enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect--enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl--with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl--with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config--with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-2.3.0/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir=
"./"
修改为extension_dir ="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension= "memcache.so"
extension= "pdo_mysql.so"
extension= "imagick.so"
再查找output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On
再查找; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
修改为cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。
自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改：
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir ="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension= "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension
="imagick.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#'/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data =On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g"/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g"/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
引用
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
7、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.zyan.cc和www.zyan.cc两个虚拟主机使用的目录：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www
8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP
用于程序调试，请将以下的<valuename="display_errors">0</value>改为<valuename="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx
会报状态为500的空白错误页）：
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>
Allrelative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
<sectionname="global_options">
Pid file
<valuename="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
Error log file
<valuename="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
Log level
<value name="log_level">notice</value>
When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
<valuename="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will beinitiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's sharedmemory.
<valuename="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
<value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
Set to 'no' to debug fpm
<value name="daemonize">yes</value>
</section>
<workers>
<section name="pool">
Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
<valuename="name">default</value>
Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or'/path/to/unix/socket'
<valuename="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
<value name="listen_options">
Set listen(2) backlog
<valuename="backlog">-1</value>
Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in orderto allow connections from web server.
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connectionsregardless of permissions.
<value name="owner"></value>
<value name="group"></value>
<valuename="mode">0666</value>
</value>
Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool ofworkers.
<value name="php_defines">
<valuename="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
<valuename="display_errors">0</value>
</value>
Unix user of processes
<value name="user">www</value>
Unix group of processes
<valuename="group">www</value>
Process manager settings
<value name="pm">
Sets style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
<valuename="style">static</value>
Sets the limit on the number of simultaneousrequests that will be served.
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment inoriginal php.fcgi
Used with any pm_style.
<valuename="max_children">128</value>
Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
<value name="apache_like">
Sets the number of server processes created onstartup.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<valuename="StartServers">20</value>
Sets the desired minimum number of idle serverprocesses.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<valuename="MinSpareServers">5</value>
Sets the desired maximum number of idle serverprocesses.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<valuename="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
</value>
</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving a singlerequest after which the worker process will be terminated
Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini optiondoes not stop script execution for some reason
'0s' means 'off'
<valuename="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving of singlerequest after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
'0s' means 'off'
<valuename="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
The log file for slow requests
<valuename="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
Set open file desc rlimit
<valuename="rlimit_files">65535</value>
Set max core size rlimit
<valuename="rlimit_core">0</value>
Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chroot"></value>
Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chdir"></value>
Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main errorlog.
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null,according to FastCGI specs
<valuename="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
How much requests each process should execute beforerespawn.
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd partylibraries.
For endless request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
<valuename="max_requests">1024</value>
Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGIclients that allowed to connect.
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment inoriginal php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
<valuename="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
<value name="environment">
<valuename="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
<valuename="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
<value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
<valuename="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
<valuename="TEMP">/tmp</value>
<valuename="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
<valuename="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
<valuename="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
</value>
</section>
</workers>
</configuration>
9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。
三、安装Nginx 0.8.46
1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：
tar zxvf pcre-8.10.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.10/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.46/
./configure --user=www --group=www--prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module--with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../
3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
4、创建Nginx配置文件
①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容：
引用
user www www;
worker_processes8;
error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifiesthe value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by thisprocess.
worker_rlimit_nofile65535;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections65535;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#charset gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size128;
client_header_buffer_size32k;
large_client_header_buffers4 32k;
client_max_body_size8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout300;
fastcgi_send_timeout300;
fastcgi_read_timeout300;
fastcgi_buffer_size64k;
fastcgi_buffers 464k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/cssapplication/xml;
gzip_vary on;
#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name blog.zyan.cc;
indexindex.html index.htm index.php;
root /data0/htdocs/blog;
#limit_conn crawler 20;
location~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_indexindex.php;
includefcgi.conf;
}
location~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
}
log_format access '$remote_addr-
$remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer"'
'"$http_user_agent"$http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /data1/logs/access.log access;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name www.zyan.cc;
indexindex.html index.htm index.php;
root /data0/htdocs/www;
location~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_indexindex.php;
includefcgi.conf;
}
log_format wwwlogs '$remote_addr-
$remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer"'
'"$http_user_agent"$http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name status.blog.zyan.cc;
location/ {
stub_statuson;
access_log off;
}
}
}
②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
输入以下内容：
引用
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING
$query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD
$request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE
$content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH
$content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI
$document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHPonly, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
5、启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容：
引用
ulimit-SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpmstart
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
五、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容：
引用
# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog= 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn= 32768
net.core.wmem_default= 8388608
net.core.rmem_default= 8388608
net.core.rmem_max= 16777216
net.core.wmem_max= 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps= 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries= 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries= 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle= 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len= 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse= 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem= 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans= 3276800
#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout= 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time= 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
theconfiguration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
theconfiguration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was testedsuccessfully
2、平滑重启：
①、对于Nginx 0.8.x版本，现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单，执行以下命令即可：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
②、对于Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本，平滑重启稍微麻烦一些，按照以下步骤进行即可。输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v"grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
6302
这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
输入以下内容：
引用
#!/bin/bash
# Thisscript run at 00:00
# TheNginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"
mkdir -p${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d"yesterday" +"%m")/
mv${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday"+"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date-d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1`cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
crontab -e
输入以下内容：
引用
00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
本文若有小的修改，会第一时间在以下网址发布：
http://blog.zyan.cc/nginx_php_v6/
附：文章修改历史
● [2010年03月04日]
[Version6.0] 新建
● [2010年04月16日]
[Version6.1] Nginx版本升级到0.8.35。
● [2010年05月14日]
[Version6.2] Nginx版本升级到0.8.36。MySQL版本升级到5.5.3-m3，my.cnf配置文件中的thread_concurrency、master-connect-retry参数在新版本中不支持，已经注释掉。
● [2010年07月26日]
[Version6.3] Nginx版本升级到0.8.46。PHP版本升级到5.2.14。其他软件也做了相应的升级。开启php.ini中的cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。
来自 <http://zyan.cc/nginx_php_v6/>
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