Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版）
2010-05-27 22:19
645 查看
http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/7/1/
[文章作者：张宴 本文版本：v6.2 最后修改：2010.05.14
转载请注明原文链接：http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/
]
前言：本文是我撰写的关于搭建“Nginx + PHP（FastCGI）”Web服务器的第6篇文章。本系列文章作为国内最早详细介绍 Nginx +
PHP 安装、配置、使用的资料之一，为推动 Nginx 在国内的发展产生了积极的作用。本文可能不断更新小版本，请记住原文链接“http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/
”，
获取最新内容。第6篇文章主要介绍了Nginx 0.8.x新的平滑重启方式，将PHP升级到了5.2.13，修正了PEAR问题。另将MySQL
5.1.x升级到了5.5.x系列，配置文件变更较大。
链接：《2007年9月的第1版
》、《2007年12月的第2版
》、
《2008年6月的第3版
》、
《2008年8月的第4
版
》、《2009
年5月的第5版
》
Nginx
("engine x")
是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev
为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的，它已经在该站点运行超过三年了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。
Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和稳定性，使得国内使用 Nginx 作为 Web 服务器的网站也越来越多，其中包括新浪博客
、新浪播客
、网易新闻
、腾讯网
、搜狐博客
等门户网站频道，六间房
、56.com
等视频分享网站，Discuz!官方论坛
、水木社区
等知名论坛，盛大在线
、金山逍遥网
等网络游戏网站，豆瓣
、人人网
、YUPOO相册
、金山爱词霸
、迅雷在线
等新兴Web 2.0网站。
Nginx 的官方中文维基：http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxChs
在高并发连接的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果，Nginx
0.8.36 + PHP 5.2.13 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数，相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍
。
根据我的经验，4GB内存的服务器+Apache（prefork模式）一般只能处理3000个并发连接，因为它们将占用3GB以上的内存，还得为系统
预留1GB的内存。我曾经就有两台Apache服务器，因为在配置文件中设置的MaxClients为4000，当Apache并发连接数达到3800
时，导致服务器内存和Swap空间用满而崩溃。
而这台 Nginx 0.8.36 + PHP 5.2.13 (FastCGI)
服务器在3万并发连接下，开启的10个Nginx进程消耗150M内存（15M*10=150M），开启的64个php-cgi进程消耗1280M内存
（20M*64=1280M），加上系统自身消耗的内存，总共消耗不到2GB内存。如果服务器内存较小，完全可以只开启25个php-cgi进程，这样
php-cgi消耗的总内存数才500M。
在3万并发连接下，访问Nginx 0.8.36 + PHP 5.2.13
(FastCGI)
服务器的PHP程序，仍然速度飞快。下图为Nginx的状态监控页面，显示的活动连接数为28457（关于Nginx的监控页配置，会在本文接下来所给出
的Nginx配置文件中写明）：
我生产环境下的两台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器，跑多个一般复杂的纯PHP动态程序，单台Nginx +
PHP5（FastCGI）服务器跑PHP动态程序的处理能力已经超过“700
次请求/秒
”，相当于每天可以承受6000万（700*60*60*24=60480000）的访问量（更多信息见此
），
而服务器的系统负载也不高：
2009年9月3日下午2：30，金山游戏《剑侠情缘网络版叁》临时维护1小时（http://kefu.xoyo.com/gonggao/jx3/2009-09-03/750438.shtml
），
大量玩家上官网，论坛、评论、客服等动态应用Nginx服务器集群，每台服务器的Nginx活动连接数达到2.8万，这是笔者遇到的Nginx生产环境最
高并发值。
下面是用100个并发连接分别去压生产环境中同一负载均衡器VIP下、提供相同服务的两台服务器，一台为Nginx，另一台为Apache，Nginx
每秒处理的请求数是Apache的两倍多，Nginx服务器的系统负载、CPU使用率远低于Apache：
你可以将连接数开到
10000～30000，去压Nginx和Apache上的phpinfo.php，这是用浏览器访问Nginx上的phpinfo.php一切正常，而
访问Apache服务器的phpinfo.php，则是该页无法显示。4G内存的服务器，即使再优化，Apache也很难在“webbench -c
30000 -t 60 http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/phpinfo.php
”
的压力情况下正常访问，而调整参数优化后的Nginx可以。
webbench 下载地址：http://blog.s135.com/post/288/
注意：webbench 做压力测试时，该软件自身也会消耗CPU和内存资源，为了测试准确，请将 webbench 安装在别的服务器上。
测试结果：##### Nginx + PHP #####
引用
[root@localhost
webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
Webbench
- Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL
Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
100
clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=102450 pages/min, 16490596
bytes/sec.
Requests: 51225 susceed, 0 failed.
top - 14:06:13
up 27 days, 2:25, 2 users, load average: 14.57, 9.89, 6.51
Tasks:
287 total, 4 running, 283 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s):
49.9% us, 6.7% sy, 0.0% ni, 41.4% id, 1.1% wa, 0.1% hi, 0.8% si
Mem:
6230016k total, 2959468k used, 3270548k free, 635992k buffers
Swap: 2031608k
total, 3696k used, 2027912k free, 1231444k cached
测试结果：##### Apache + PHP #####
引用
[root@localhost
webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
Webbench
- Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL
Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
100
clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=42184 pages/min, 31512914
bytes/sec.
Requests: 21092 susceed, 0 failed.
top - 14:06:20
up 27 days, 2:13, 2 users, load average: 62.15, 26.36, 13.42
Tasks:
318 total, 7 running, 310 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie
Cpu(s):
80.4% us, 10.6% sy, 0.0% ni, 7.9% id, 0.1% wa, 0.1% hi, 0.9% si
Mem:
6230016k total, 3075948k used, 3154068k free, 379896k buffers
Swap: 2031608k
total, 12592k used, 2019016k free, 1117868k cached
为什么Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多？这得益于Nginx使用了最新的epoll（Linux
2.6内核）和kqueue（freebsd）网络I/O模型，而Apache则使用的是传统的select模型。目前Linux下能够承受高并发访问的
Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll网络I/O模型。
处理大量的连接的读写，Apache所采用的select网络
I/O模型非常低效。下面用一个比喻来解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型进行之间的区别：
假
设你在大学读书，住的宿舍楼有很多间房间，你的朋友要来找你。select版宿管大妈就会带着你的朋友挨个房间去找，直到找到你为止。而epoll版宿管
大妈会先记下每位同学的房间号，你的朋友来时，只需告诉你的朋友你住在哪个房间即可，不用亲自带着你的朋友满大楼找人。如果来了10000个人，都要找自
己住这栋楼的同学时，select版和epoll版宿管大妈，谁的效率更高，不言自明。同理，在高并发服务器中，轮询I/O是最耗时间的操作之
一，select和epoll的性能谁的性能更高，同样十分明了。
安装步骤：
（系统要求：Linux
2.6+ 内核，本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.3，另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功）
一、获取相关开源程序：
1、【适用CentOS
操作系统】利用CentOS
Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库（RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包，进行安装）：
sudo -s
LANG=C
yum
-y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng
libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib
zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses
ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel
libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel
nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers
2、【适用RedHat操作系
统】RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包（事先可通过类似“rpm -qa | grep
libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在，通常是“xxx-devel”不存在，需要安装）。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包
安装，以下是RPM包下载网址：
①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/
②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/
③、RPM包搜索网站
http://rpm.pbone.net/
http://www.rpmfind.net/
④、RedHat AS4 系统环境，通常情况下缺少的支持包安装：
Ⅰ、i386 系统
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
rpm
-ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
rpm
-ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
rpm
-ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
Ⅱ、x86_64 系统
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
rpm
-ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm
-ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm
-ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
3、【适用CentOS、RedHat及
其它Linux操作系统】下载程序源码包：
本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2010年05月14日
的最新稳定版。
①、从软件的官方网站下载：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd
/data0/software
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.36.tar.gz
wget
http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.13.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget
http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz
wget
http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/
wget
http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget
"http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget
"http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget
http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget
"http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget
ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.01.tar.gz
wget
http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.6/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
wget
http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget
http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
②、从blog.s135.com
下载（比
较稳定，只允许在本站，或者在Linux/Unix下通过Wget、Curl等命令下载以下软件）：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd
/data0/software
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.8.36.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.13.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-8.01.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
二、安装PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI模式）
1、编译安装PHP 5.2.13所需的支持库：
tar zxvf
libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure
--prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf
libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make
install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure
--enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar
zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make
install
cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la
/usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so
/usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
/usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
/usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a
/usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la
/usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so
/usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2
/usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
/usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config
/usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd
mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd
../
2、编译安装MySQL 5.5.3-m3
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd
-g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.3-m3/
./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler
--with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client
--with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server
--enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
make
&& make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown
-R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../
附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下几步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上
的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。
①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
mkdir
-p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/
chown
-R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/
②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db
--basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data
--user=mysql
③、创建my.cnf配置文件：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf
输入以下内容：
引用
[client]
character-set-server = utf8
port =
3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
character-set-server
= utf8
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db
= information_schema
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket =
/tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir =
/data0/mysql/3306/data
log-error = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log
pid-file
= /data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log
= 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache
= 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size
= 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 300
#thread_concurrency
= 8
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit
= 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation
= READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time
= 3
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog
binlog_cache_size
= 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size
= 1G
relay-log-index = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file
= /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log =
/data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 30
key_buffer_size
= 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size
= 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size =
10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
interactive_timeout
= 120
wait_timeout = 120
skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry
= 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
#master-host
= 192.168.1.2
#master-user = username
#master-password
= password
#master-port = 3306
server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size
= 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path =
ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency
= 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size =
16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct
= 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
#log-slow-queries
= /data0/mysql/3306/slow.log
#long_query_time = 10
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet
= 32M
④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
输入以下内容（这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建）：
#!/bin/sh
mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="admin"
mysql_password="12345678"
function_start_mysql()
{
printf
"Starting MySQL.../n"
/bin/sh
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
--defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 >
/dev/null &
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
printf
"Stoping MySQL.../n"
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u
${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf
"Restarting MySQL.../n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 5
function_start_mysql
}
function_kill_mysql()
{
kill
-9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep
${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
kill -9 $(ps -ef
| grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port}
| awk '{printf $2}')
}
if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
function_start_mysql
elif
[ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" =
"restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ];
then
function_kill_mysql
else
printf "Usage:
/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql
{start|stop|restart|kill}/n"
fi
⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限：
chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
⑥、启动MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql
start
⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql
-u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
⑧、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用
户（admin）和密码（12345678）：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY
'12345678';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1'
IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
⑨、（可选）停止MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql
stop
3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.13.tar.gz
gzip
-cd php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.13 -p1
cd
php-5.2.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc
--with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir
--with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml
--disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath
--enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization
--with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi
--enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt
--with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash
--enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl
--with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap
make
ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist
/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
4、编译安装
PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf
memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure
--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make
install
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
cd
eaccelerator-0.9.6/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure
--enable-eaccelerator=shared
--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make
install
cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd
PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure
--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
--with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd
../
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make
install
cd ../
tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd
imagick-2.3.0/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure
--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make
install
cd ../
5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：
查
找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为
extension_dir =
"/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension =
"pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
再查找
output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On
自动
修改：
若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改：
sed -i 's#extension_dir =
"./"#extension_dir =
"/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"/nextension
= "memcache.so"/nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"/nextension =
"imagick.so"/n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i
's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#'
/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#;
always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g"
/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
6、配置eAccelerator加速
PHP：
mkdir -p
/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi
/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下
配置信息：
引用
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
7、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com
两个虚拟主机使用的目录：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd
-g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w
/data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p
/data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www
/data0/htdocs/www
8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI
管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录
中创建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi
/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx +
PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value
name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value
name="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx
会报状态为500的空白错误页）：
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>
All
relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
<section
name="global_options">
Pid file
<value
name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
Error
log file
<value
name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
Log
level
<value name="log_level">notice</value>
When
this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
<value
name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
...
in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be
initiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in
accelerator's shared memory.
<value
name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
Time
limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
<value
name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
Set to
'no' to debug fpm
<value name="daemonize">yes</value>
</section>
<workers>
<section
name="pool">
Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
<value
name="name">default</value>
Address to accept
fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just
'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
<value
name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
<value
name="listen_options">
Set listen(2) backlog
<value
name="backlog">-1</value>
Set permissions for
unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions
must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
Many
BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
<value
name="owner"></value>
<value
name="group"></value>
<value
name="mode">0666</value>
</value>
Additional
php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
<value
name="php_defines">
<value
name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
<value
name="display_errors">0</value>
</value>
Unix
user of processes
<value name="user">www</value>
Unix
group of processes
<value name="group">www</value>
Process
manager settings
<value name="pm">
Sets
style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are
'static' and 'apache-like'
<value
name="style">static</value>
Sets the limit on
the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
Equivalent
to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to
PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
Used with
any pm_style.
<value
name="max_children">128</value>
Settings group
for 'apache-like' pm style
<value name="apache_like">
Sets
the number of server processes created on startup.
Used
only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value
name="StartServers">20</value>
Sets the
desired minimum number of idle server processes.
Used only
when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value
name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
Sets the
desired maximum number of idle server processes.
Used only
when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value
name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
</value>
</value>
The
timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the
worker process will be terminated
Should be used when
'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some
reason
'0s' means 'off'
<value
name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
The
timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php
backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
'0s' means 'off'
<value
name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
The log
file for slow requests
<value
name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
Set open file
desc rlimit
<value
name="rlimit_files">65535</value>
Set max core
size rlimit
<value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
Chroot
to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value
name="chroot"></value>
Chdir to this directory at
the start, absolute path
<value
name="chdir"></value>
Redirect workers' stdout and
stderr into main error log.
If not set, they will be
redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
<value
name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
How much
requests each process should execute before respawn.
Useful to
work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
For endless
request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to
PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
<value
name="max_requests">1024</value>
Comma separated
list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
Equivalent
to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
Makes
sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
<value
name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
Pass
environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are
taken from current environment
<value name="environment">
<value
name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
<value
name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
<value
name="TMP">/tmp</value>
<value
name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
<value
name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
<value
name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
<value
name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
<value
name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
</value>
</section>
</workers>
</configuration>
9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为
www：
ulimit
-SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包
括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件
使用reload。
三、安装Nginx 0.8.36
1、安装
Nginx所需的pcre库：
tar
zxvf pcre-8.01.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.01/
./configure
make
&& make install
cd ../
2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf
nginx-0.8.36.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.36/
./configure --user=www
--group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx
--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make &&
make install
cd ../
3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod
+w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
4、创建Nginx
配置文件
①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容：
引用
user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies
the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this
process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
use
epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
include
mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#charset gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size
128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers
4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush
on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout
300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size
64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size
128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers
4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types
text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary
on;
#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
server
{
listen
80;
server_name blog.s135.com;
index index.html
index.htm index.php;
root /data0/htdocs/blog;
#limit_conn
crawler 20;
location ~
.*/.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index
index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location
~ .*/.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location
~ .*/.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
}
log_format access '$remote_addr
- $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status
$body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent"
$http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /data1/logs/access.log access;
}
server
{
listen
80;
server_name www.s135.com;
index
index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data0/htdocs/www;
location
~ .*/.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index
index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
log_format wwwlogs '$remote_addr
- $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status
$body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent"
$http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name status.blog.s135.com;
location
/ {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}
②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：
vi
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
输入以下内容：
引用
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING
$query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE
$content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI
$document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
#
PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
5、启动Nginx
ulimit
-SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
四、
配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容：
引用
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm
start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
五、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容：
引用
# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog
= 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.core.wmem_default =
8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max =
16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps =
0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle
= 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem
= 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout
= 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range
= 1024 65535
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local
/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
-t
如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
the configuration file
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the
configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested
successfully
2、平滑重启：
①、对于Nginx
0.8.x版本，现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单，执行以下命令即可：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
②、对于Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本，平滑重启稍微麻烦一些，按照以下步骤进行即可。输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：
ps -ef | grep "nginx:
master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
屏幕
显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
6302
这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
七、编写每天定
时切割Nginx日志的脚本
1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin
/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
输入
以下内容：
引用
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00
#
The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"
mkdir
-p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday"
+"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday"
+"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday"
+"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
crontab -e
输入以下内容：
引用
00 00 * * *
/bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
本文若有小的修改，会第一时间在以下网址发布：
http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/
附：文章修改历史
● [2010年03月04日] [Version 6.0] 新建
● [2010年04月16日] [Version 6.1] Nginx版本升级到0.8.35。
●
[2010年05月14日] [Version 6.2]
Nginx版本升级到0.8.36。MySQL版本升级到5.5.3-m3，my.cnf配置文件中的thread_concurrency、
master-connect-retry参数在新版本中不支持，已经注释掉。
（全文完）
[文章作者：张宴 本文版本：v6.2 最后修改：2010.05.14
转载请注明原文链接：http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/
]
前言：本文是我撰写的关于搭建“Nginx + PHP（FastCGI）”Web服务器的第6篇文章。本系列文章作为国内最早详细介绍 Nginx +
PHP 安装、配置、使用的资料之一，为推动 Nginx 在国内的发展产生了积极的作用。本文可能不断更新小版本，请记住原文链接“http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/
”，
获取最新内容。第6篇文章主要介绍了Nginx 0.8.x新的平滑重启方式，将PHP升级到了5.2.13，修正了PEAR问题。另将MySQL
5.1.x升级到了5.5.x系列，配置文件变更较大。
链接：《2007年9月的第1版
》、《2007年12月的第2版
》、
《2008年6月的第3版
》、
《2008年8月的第4
版
》、《2009
年5月的第5版
》
Nginx
("engine x")
是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev
为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的，它已经在该站点运行超过三年了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。
Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和稳定性，使得国内使用 Nginx 作为 Web 服务器的网站也越来越多，其中包括新浪博客
、新浪播客
、网易新闻
、腾讯网
、搜狐博客
等门户网站频道，六间房
、56.com
等视频分享网站，Discuz!官方论坛
、水木社区
等知名论坛，盛大在线
、金山逍遥网
等网络游戏网站，豆瓣
、人人网
、YUPOO相册
、金山爱词霸
、迅雷在线
等新兴Web 2.0网站。
Nginx 的官方中文维基：http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxChs
在高并发连接的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果，Nginx
0.8.36 + PHP 5.2.13 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数，相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍
。
根据我的经验，4GB内存的服务器+Apache（prefork模式）一般只能处理3000个并发连接，因为它们将占用3GB以上的内存，还得为系统
预留1GB的内存。我曾经就有两台Apache服务器，因为在配置文件中设置的MaxClients为4000，当Apache并发连接数达到3800
时，导致服务器内存和Swap空间用满而崩溃。
而这台 Nginx 0.8.36 + PHP 5.2.13 (FastCGI)
服务器在3万并发连接下，开启的10个Nginx进程消耗150M内存（15M*10=150M），开启的64个php-cgi进程消耗1280M内存
（20M*64=1280M），加上系统自身消耗的内存，总共消耗不到2GB内存。如果服务器内存较小，完全可以只开启25个php-cgi进程，这样
php-cgi消耗的总内存数才500M。
在3万并发连接下，访问Nginx 0.8.36 + PHP 5.2.13
(FastCGI)
服务器的PHP程序，仍然速度飞快。下图为Nginx的状态监控页面，显示的活动连接数为28457（关于Nginx的监控页配置，会在本文接下来所给出
的Nginx配置文件中写明）：
我生产环境下的两台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器，跑多个一般复杂的纯PHP动态程序，单台Nginx +
PHP5（FastCGI）服务器跑PHP动态程序的处理能力已经超过“700
次请求/秒
”，相当于每天可以承受6000万（700*60*60*24=60480000）的访问量（更多信息见此
），
而服务器的系统负载也不高：
2009年9月3日下午2：30，金山游戏《剑侠情缘网络版叁》临时维护1小时（http://kefu.xoyo.com/gonggao/jx3/2009-09-03/750438.shtml
），
大量玩家上官网，论坛、评论、客服等动态应用Nginx服务器集群，每台服务器的Nginx活动连接数达到2.8万，这是笔者遇到的Nginx生产环境最
高并发值。
下面是用100个并发连接分别去压生产环境中同一负载均衡器VIP下、提供相同服务的两台服务器，一台为Nginx，另一台为Apache，Nginx
每秒处理的请求数是Apache的两倍多，Nginx服务器的系统负载、CPU使用率远低于Apache：
你可以将连接数开到
10000～30000，去压Nginx和Apache上的phpinfo.php，这是用浏览器访问Nginx上的phpinfo.php一切正常，而
访问Apache服务器的phpinfo.php，则是该页无法显示。4G内存的服务器，即使再优化，Apache也很难在“webbench -c
30000 -t 60 http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/phpinfo.php
”
的压力情况下正常访问，而调整参数优化后的Nginx可以。
webbench 下载地址：http://blog.s135.com/post/288/
注意：webbench 做压力测试时，该软件自身也会消耗CPU和内存资源，为了测试准确，请将 webbench 安装在别的服务器上。
测试结果：##### Nginx + PHP #####
引用
[root@localhost
webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
Webbench
- Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL
Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.21/phpinfo.php
100
clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=102450 pages/min, 16490596
bytes/sec.
Requests: 51225 susceed, 0 failed.
top - 14:06:13
up 27 days, 2:25, 2 users, load average: 14.57, 9.89, 6.51
Tasks:
287 total, 4 running, 283 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s):
49.9% us, 6.7% sy, 0.0% ni, 41.4% id, 1.1% wa, 0.1% hi, 0.8% si
Mem:
6230016k total, 2959468k used, 3270548k free, 635992k buffers
Swap: 2031608k
total, 3696k used, 2027912k free, 1231444k cached
测试结果：##### Apache + PHP #####
引用
[root@localhost
webbench-1.5]# webbench -c 100 -t 30 http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
Webbench
- Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL
Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://192.168.1.27/phpinfo.php
100
clients, running 30 sec.
Speed=42184 pages/min, 31512914
bytes/sec.
Requests: 21092 susceed, 0 failed.
top - 14:06:20
up 27 days, 2:13, 2 users, load average: 62.15, 26.36, 13.42
Tasks:
318 total, 7 running, 310 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie
Cpu(s):
80.4% us, 10.6% sy, 0.0% ni, 7.9% id, 0.1% wa, 0.1% hi, 0.9% si
Mem:
6230016k total, 3075948k used, 3154068k free, 379896k buffers
Swap: 2031608k
total, 12592k used, 2019016k free, 1117868k cached
为什么Nginx的性能要比Apache高得多？这得益于Nginx使用了最新的epoll（Linux
2.6内核）和kqueue（freebsd）网络I/O模型，而Apache则使用的是传统的select模型。目前Linux下能够承受高并发访问的
Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll网络I/O模型。
处理大量的连接的读写，Apache所采用的select网络
I/O模型非常低效。下面用一个比喻来解析Apache采用的select模型和Nginx采用的epoll模型进行之间的区别：
假
设你在大学读书，住的宿舍楼有很多间房间，你的朋友要来找你。select版宿管大妈就会带着你的朋友挨个房间去找，直到找到你为止。而epoll版宿管
大妈会先记下每位同学的房间号，你的朋友来时，只需告诉你的朋友你住在哪个房间即可，不用亲自带着你的朋友满大楼找人。如果来了10000个人，都要找自
己住这栋楼的同学时，select版和epoll版宿管大妈，谁的效率更高，不言自明。同理，在高并发服务器中，轮询I/O是最耗时间的操作之
一，select和epoll的性能谁的性能更高，同样十分明了。
安装步骤：
（系统要求：Linux
2.6+ 内核，本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.3，另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功）
一、获取相关开源程序：
1、【适用CentOS
操作系统】利用CentOS
Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库（RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包，进行安装）：
sudo -s
LANG=C
yum
-y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng
libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib
zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses
ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel
libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel
nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers
2、【适用RedHat操作系
统】RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包（事先可通过类似“rpm -qa | grep
libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在，通常是“xxx-devel”不存在，需要安装）。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包
安装，以下是RPM包下载网址：
①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/
②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/
③、RPM包搜索网站
http://rpm.pbone.net/
http://www.rpmfind.net/
④、RedHat AS4 系统环境，通常情况下缺少的支持包安装：
Ⅰ、i386 系统
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
rpm
-ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
rpm
-ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
rpm
-ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
Ⅱ、x86_64 系统
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
rpm
-ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm
-ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm
-ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
3、【适用CentOS、RedHat及
其它Linux操作系统】下载程序源码包：
本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2010年05月14日
的最新稳定版。
①、从软件的官方网站下载：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd
/data0/software
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.36.tar.gz
wget
http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.13.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget
http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz
wget
http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/
wget
http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget
"http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget
"http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget
http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget
"http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget
ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.01.tar.gz
wget
http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.6/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
wget
http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget
http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
②、从blog.s135.com
下载（比
较稳定，只允许在本站，或者在Linux/Unix下通过Wget、Curl等命令下载以下软件）：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd
/data0/software
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.8.36.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.13.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-8.01.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
二、安装PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI模式）
1、编译安装PHP 5.2.13所需的支持库：
tar zxvf
libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure
--prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf
libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make
install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure
--enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar
zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make
install
cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la
/usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so
/usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
/usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
/usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a
/usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la
/usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so
/usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2
/usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
/usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config
/usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd
mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd
../
2、编译安装MySQL 5.5.3-m3
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd
-g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.3-m3/
./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler
--with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client
--with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server
--enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
make
&& make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown
-R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../
附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下几步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上
的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。
①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
mkdir
-p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/
chown
-R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/
②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db
--basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data
--user=mysql
③、创建my.cnf配置文件：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf
输入以下内容：
引用
[client]
character-set-server = utf8
port =
3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
character-set-server
= utf8
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db
= information_schema
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket =
/tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir =
/data0/mysql/3306/data
log-error = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log
pid-file
= /data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log
= 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache
= 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size
= 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 300
#thread_concurrency
= 8
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit
= 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation
= READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time
= 3
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog
binlog_cache_size
= 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size
= 1G
relay-log-index = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file
= /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log =
/data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 30
key_buffer_size
= 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size
= 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size =
10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
interactive_timeout
= 120
wait_timeout = 120
skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry
= 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
#master-host
= 192.168.1.2
#master-user = username
#master-password
= password
#master-port = 3306
server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size
= 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path =
ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency
= 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size =
16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct
= 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
#log-slow-queries
= /data0/mysql/3306/slow.log
#long_query_time = 10
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet
= 32M
④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
输入以下内容（这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建）：
#!/bin/sh
mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="admin"
mysql_password="12345678"
function_start_mysql()
{
printf
"Starting MySQL.../n"
/bin/sh
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
--defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 >
/dev/null &
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
printf
"Stoping MySQL.../n"
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u
${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf
"Restarting MySQL.../n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 5
function_start_mysql
}
function_kill_mysql()
{
kill
-9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep
${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
kill -9 $(ps -ef
| grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port}
| awk '{printf $2}')
}
if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
function_start_mysql
elif
[ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" =
"restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ];
then
function_kill_mysql
else
printf "Usage:
/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql
{start|stop|restart|kill}/n"
fi
⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限：
chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
⑥、启动MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql
start
⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql
-u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
⑧、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用
户（admin）和密码（12345678）：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY
'12345678';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1'
IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
⑨、（可选）停止MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql
stop
3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.13.tar.gz
gzip
-cd php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.13 -p1
cd
php-5.2.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc
--with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir
--with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml
--disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath
--enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization
--with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi
--enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt
--with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash
--enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl
--with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap
make
ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist
/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
4、编译安装
PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf
memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure
--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make
install
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
cd
eaccelerator-0.9.6/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure
--enable-eaccelerator=shared
--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make
install
cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd
PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure
--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
--with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd
../
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make
install
cd ../
tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd
imagick-2.3.0/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure
--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make
install
cd ../
5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：
查
找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为
extension_dir =
"/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension =
"pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
再查找
output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On
自动
修改：
若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改：
sed -i 's#extension_dir =
"./"#extension_dir =
"/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"/nextension
= "memcache.so"/nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"/nextension =
"imagick.so"/n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i
's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#'
/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#;
always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g"
/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
6、配置eAccelerator加速
PHP：
mkdir -p
/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi
/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下
配置信息：
引用
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
7、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com
两个虚拟主机使用的目录：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd
-g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w
/data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p
/data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www
/data0/htdocs/www
8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI
管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录
中创建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi
/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx +
PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value
name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value
name="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx
会报状态为500的空白错误页）：
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>
All
relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
<section
name="global_options">
Pid file
<value
name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
Error
log file
<value
name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
Log
level
<value name="log_level">notice</value>
When
this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
<value
name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
...
in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be
initiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in
accelerator's shared memory.
<value
name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
Time
limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
<value
name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
Set to
'no' to debug fpm
<value name="daemonize">yes</value>
</section>
<workers>
<section
name="pool">
Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
<value
name="name">default</value>
Address to accept
fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just
'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
<value
name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
<value
name="listen_options">
Set listen(2) backlog
<value
name="backlog">-1</value>
Set permissions for
unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions
must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
Many
BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
<value
name="owner"></value>
<value
name="group"></value>
<value
name="mode">0666</value>
</value>
Additional
php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
<value
name="php_defines">
<value
name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
<value
name="display_errors">0</value>
</value>
Unix
user of processes
<value name="user">www</value>
Unix
group of processes
<value name="group">www</value>
Process
manager settings
<value name="pm">
Sets
style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are
'static' and 'apache-like'
<value
name="style">static</value>
Sets the limit on
the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
Equivalent
to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to
PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
Used with
any pm_style.
<value
name="max_children">128</value>
Settings group
for 'apache-like' pm style
<value name="apache_like">
Sets
the number of server processes created on startup.
Used
only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value
name="StartServers">20</value>
Sets the
desired minimum number of idle server processes.
Used only
when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value
name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
Sets the
desired maximum number of idle server processes.
Used only
when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value
name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
</value>
</value>
The
timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the
worker process will be terminated
Should be used when
'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some
reason
'0s' means 'off'
<value
name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
The
timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php
backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
'0s' means 'off'
<value
name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
The log
file for slow requests
<value
name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
Set open file
desc rlimit
<value
name="rlimit_files">65535</value>
Set max core
size rlimit
<value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
Chroot
to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value
name="chroot"></value>
Chdir to this directory at
the start, absolute path
<value
name="chdir"></value>
Redirect workers' stdout and
stderr into main error log.
If not set, they will be
redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
<value
name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
How much
requests each process should execute before respawn.
Useful to
work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
For endless
request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to
PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
<value
name="max_requests">1024</value>
Comma separated
list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
Equivalent
to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
Makes
sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
<value
name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
Pass
environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are
taken from current environment
<value name="environment">
<value
name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
<value
name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
<value
name="TMP">/tmp</value>
<value
name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
<value
name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
<value
name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
<value
name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
<value
name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
</value>
</section>
</workers>
</configuration>
9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为
www：
ulimit
-SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包
括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件
使用reload。
三、安装Nginx 0.8.36
1、安装
Nginx所需的pcre库：
tar
zxvf pcre-8.01.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.01/
./configure
make
&& make install
cd ../
2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf
nginx-0.8.36.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.36/
./configure --user=www
--group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx
--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make &&
make install
cd ../
3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod
+w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
4、创建Nginx
配置文件
①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容：
引用
user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies
the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this
process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
use
epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
include
mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#charset gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size
128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers
4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush
on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout
300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size
64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size
128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers
4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types
text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary
on;
#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
server
{
listen
80;
server_name blog.s135.com;
index index.html
index.htm index.php;
root /data0/htdocs/blog;
#limit_conn
crawler 20;
location ~
.*/.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index
index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location
~ .*/.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location
~ .*/.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
}
log_format access '$remote_addr
- $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status
$body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent"
$http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /data1/logs/access.log access;
}
server
{
listen
80;
server_name www.s135.com;
index
index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data0/htdocs/www;
location
~ .*/.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index
index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
log_format wwwlogs '$remote_addr
- $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status
$body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent"
$http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name status.blog.s135.com;
location
/ {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}
②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：
vi
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
输入以下内容：
引用
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING
$query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE
$content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI
$document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
#
PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
5、启动Nginx
ulimit
-SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
四、
配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容：
引用
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm
start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
五、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容：
引用
# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog
= 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.core.wmem_default =
8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max =
16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps =
0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle
= 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem
= 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout
= 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range
= 1024 65535
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local
/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
-t
如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
the configuration file
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the
configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested
successfully
2、平滑重启：
①、对于Nginx
0.8.x版本，现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单，执行以下命令即可：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
②、对于Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本，平滑重启稍微麻烦一些，按照以下步骤进行即可。输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：
ps -ef | grep "nginx:
master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
屏幕
显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
6302
这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
七、编写每天定
时切割Nginx日志的脚本
1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin
/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
输入
以下内容：
引用
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00
#
The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"
mkdir
-p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday"
+"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday"
+"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday"
+"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
crontab -e
输入以下内容：
引用
00 00 * * *
/bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
本文若有小的修改，会第一时间在以下网址发布：
http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/
附：文章修改历史
● [2010年03月04日] [Version 6.0] 新建
● [2010年04月16日] [Version 6.1] Nginx版本升级到0.8.35。
●
[2010年05月14日] [Version 6.2]
Nginx版本升级到0.8.36。MySQL版本升级到5.5.3-m3，my.cnf配置文件中的thread_concurrency、
master-connect-retry参数在新版本中不支持，已经注释掉。
（全文完）
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- Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版）[原创]
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- Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版）
- Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版）
- Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版
- Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版）[原创]
- Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版）[原创]
- Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版）[原创]
- Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版）
- Nginx 0.8.x + PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache十倍的Web服务器（第6版）[原创]