Orcl表分区和表空间的简单介绍，及其简单的创建方法

一、表分区

1、范围分区

实例：
1、创建表分区
create table sales(
pid number(10) primary key,
sale number(8,2)
)partition by range(sale)(
partition p1 values less than(5000),
partition p21 values less than(10000),
partition p3 values less than(maxvalue)
);
2、添加数据到表分区
create sequence seq_sales_pid start with 1;（随机产生ID）
insert into sales values(seq_sales_pid.nextval,4000);
insert into sales values(seq_sales_pid.nextval,8000);
insert into sales values(seq_sales_pid.nextval,14000);
insert into sales values(seq_sales_pid.nextval,24000);
insert into sales values(seq_sales_pid.nextval,6000);

2、指定表分区查询

select * from sales partition(p3);
select * from sales partition(p3) where sale>10000 and sale<20000;

二、表空间

1、创建表空间

create tablespace yc_space01 datafile 'D:\yc01.dbf' size 5M;
create tablespace yc_space02 datafile 'D:\yc02.dbf' size 5M;
create tablespace yc_space03 datafile 'D:\yc03.dbf' size 5M;
create tablespace yc_space04 datafile 'D:\yc04.dbf' size 5M;
create tablespace yc_space05 datafile 'D:\yc05.dbf' size 5M;

2、列表分区（适合列的基数比较低的情况 就是列的取值比较少）

实例
1、创建表分区
create table employee(
eid number(10) primary key,
ename varchar2(100),
addr varchar2(100)
)partition by list(addr)(
partition north values('吉林','辽宁') tablespace yc_space01,
partition west values('吉林','辽宁') tablespace yc_space02,
partition south values('吉林','辽宁') tablespace yc_space03,
partition east values('吉林','辽宁') tablespace yc_space04,
partition center values(default) tablespace yc_space05
);
2、添加数据到表分区
insert into employee values(1,'战三','辽宁');
insert into employee values(2,'战三','辽宁');
insert into employee values(3,'战三','辽宁');
insert into employee values(4,'战三','辽宁');
insert into employee values(5,'战三','辽宁');
insert into employee values(6,'战三','辽宁');
insert into employee values(7,'战三','辽宁');
insert into employee values(8,'战三','辽宁');
3、查询指定列表分区
select * from empioyee partition(south);
select * from empioyee partition(center);

三、删除表空间

drop tablespace <tablesapce_name> including conten
4000
ts and datafile;

四、复合分区

实例1：
1、创建表分区
create table sale(
sid number(10) primary  key,
s_date date not null,
cost_num number(10)
)partition by range(s_date)
subpartition by hash (cost_num)
subpartition 5(
partition s1 values less than(to_date('2016-02','yyyy-mm'),
partition s2 values less than(to_date('2016-03','yyyy-mm'),
partition s3 values less than(to_date('2016-04','yyyy-mm'),
partition s4 values less than(to_date('2016-05','yyyy-mm'),
partition s5 values less than(maxvalue)
)
2、为表空间添加数据
insert into sale values(1,to_date('2016-02','yyyy-mm'),4000);
insert into sale values(2,to_date('2016-02','yyyy-mm'),4000);
insert into sale values(3,to_date('2016-02','yyyy-mm'),4000);
insert into sale values(4,to_date('2016-02','yyyy-mm'),4000);
insert into sale values(5,to_date('2016-02','yyyy-mm'),4000);
insert into sale values(6,to_date('2016-02','yyyy-mm'),4000);
insert into sale values(7,to_date('2016-02','yyyy-mm'),4000);
3、查询对应复合分区
select * from sale partition(s2);

实例2：
1、创建复合分区
create table sales(
pid number(10) primary key,
sale number(8,2)
)partition by range(sale)(
partition p1 values less than(5000),
partition p2 values less than(10000),
partition p3 values less than(maxvalue)
);
2、为复合分区添加数据
create sequence seq_sales_pid start with 1（产生PID）;
insert into sales values(seq_sales_pid.nextval,4000);
insert into sales values(seq_sales_pid.nextval,8000);
insert into sales values(seq_sales_pid.nextval,14000);
insert into sales values(seq_sales_pid.nextval,24000);
insert into sales values(seq_sales_pid.nextval,6000);
alert table sales add partition p4 values less than(15000);

五、在原有的分区里添加新分区的步骤

1、先备份原有分区中最后一个分区即上面实例二中p3的数据

create table temp as select * from sales partition(p3);

2、删除最高的那个分区

alter table sales drop partition(p3);

3、查看现有分区

select * from user_tab_partitions where table_name="SALES";

4、创建新分区

alter table sales add partition p3 values less than(15000);
alter table sales add partition p4 values less than(maxvalue);

5、查看索引

select * from user_indexes;

6、重建索引

alter index SYS_COO11609 rebuild;

7、将原有的数据还原

insert into sales select * from temp;

8、删除备份表

drop table temp;

六、截断分区、删除指定分区中的数据

alter table sales truncate partition p4;

七、合并与拆分分区

1、合并分区

alter table sales merge partition p2,p3 into partition p3;

2、拆分分区

alter table sales split partition p3 at(8000) into (partition p2,partition p3);