Android MVC,MVP,MVVM模式入门——重构登陆注册功能

一 MVC模式：

M:model,业务逻辑

V:view,对应布局文件

C:Controllor,对应Activity





项目框架：



代码部分：

　　layout文件（适用于MVC和MVP两个Demo）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">

<EditText
android:id="@+id/edit_username"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:hint="username"/>

<EditText
android:id="@+id/edit_password"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:inputType="textPassword"
android:hint="password"/>

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal">

<Button
android:id="@+id/login"
android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
android:layout_width="120dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:text="Login"/>

<Button
android:id="@+id/clear"
android:layout_width="120dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="100dp"
android:text="Clear"/>

</LinearLayout>

<ProgressBar
android:id="@+id/login_progressbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:visibility="invisible"
/>
</LinearLayout>

　　User类，定义成员对象：

package com.example.liang.userloginformvc.modle;

/**
* Created by liang on 2016/8/22.
*/
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;

public String getUsername() {
return username;
}

public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}

public String getPassword() {
return password;
}

public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}

　　OnLoginListener,j监听登陆状态:

package com.example.liang.userloginformvc.modle;

/**
* Created by liang on 2016/8/22.
*/
public interface OnLoginListener {
void loginSuccess(User user);
void loginFailed();
}

　　UserBiz,登陆逻辑:

package com.example.liang.userloginformvc.modle;

/**
* Created by liang on 2016/8/22.
*/
public class UserBiz {

public void login(final String username,final String password,final OnLoginListener loginListener){
new Thread(){
@Override
public void run() {
try{
Thread.sleep(2000);
}catch(InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
//模拟登陆
if("lqy".equals(username)&&"123".equals(password)){
User user=new User();
user.setUsername(username);
user.setPassword(password);
loginListener.loginSuccess(user);
}else{
loginListener.loginFailed();
}
}
}.start();

}
}

MVC模式总结：

　　首先从响应用户点击事件，到MainActivity，获取View中的数据再交给Model层处理，通过返回的数据，MainActivity再改变视图。

从MVC到MVP：由于View和Model之间的依赖还是太强，希望他们可以绝对独立的存在，慢慢的就演化出了MVP

二 MVP模式

M:业务逻辑与实体模型

V:负责View的绘制以及用户交互，对应Activity

P:负责完成View与Modle之间的交换





项目框架：



代码部分：

　　user:

package com.example.liang.userloginformvp.bean;

/**
* Created by liang on 2016/8/22.
*/
public class User{
private String username;
private String password;

public String getUsername() {
return username;
}

public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}

public String getPassword() {
return password;
}

public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}

　　IUserBiz:

package com.example.liang.userloginformvp.biz;

/**
* Created by liang on 2016/8/22.
*/
public interface IUserBiz{
public void login(String username,String password,OnLoginListener onLoginListener);
}

　　OnLoginListener:

package com.example.liang.userloginformvp.biz;

/**
* Created by liang on 2016/8/22.
*/
public interface IUserBiz{
public void login(String username,String password,OnLoginListener onLoginListener);
}

　　UserBiz:

package com.example.liang.userloginformvp.biz;

import com.example.liang.userloginformvp.bean.User;

/**
* Created by liang on 2016/8/22.
*/
public class UserBiz implements IUserBiz {
//在这里重写IUserBiz中的方法
@Override
public void login(final String username, final String password, final OnLoginListener loginListener) {
//注意，这里并没有new OnLoginListener的对象，所以也没有重写方法
//要留在UserLoginPresenter中重写，并通过登陆的状态调用相应的视图
new Thread(){
@Override
public void run() {
try{
Thread.sleep(2000);
}catch(InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
//模拟登陆成功
if("lqy".equals(username)&&"123".equals(password)){
User user=new User();
user.setUsername(username);
user.setPassword(password);
loginListener.loginSuccess(user);
}else{
loginListener.loginFailed();
}
}
}.start();
}
}

　　UserLoginPresenter:

public class UserLoginPresenter {
private IUserBiz userBiz;
private IUserLoginView userLoginView;
private Handler mHandler = new Handler();

public UserLoginPresenter(IUserLoginView userLoginView) {
this.userLoginView = userLoginView;

//给userBiz一个子类的空间，此时方法已经被重写,登陆逻辑已被判断
this.userBiz = new UserBiz();
}

public void login() {
userLoginView.showLoading();
userBiz.login(userLoginView.getUserName(), userLoginView.getPassword(), new OnLoginListener() {
@Override
public void loginSuccess(final User user) {
//需要在UI线程执行
mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
userLoginView.toMainActivity(user);
userLoginView.hideLoading();
}
});

}

@Override
public void loginFailed() {
//需要在UI线程执行
mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
userLoginView.showFailedError();
userLoginView.hideLoading();
}
});

}
});
}

public void clear() {
userLoginView.clearUserName();
userLoginView.clearPassword();
}

}

　　IUserLoginPresenter:

package com.example.liang.userloginformvp.view;

import com.example.liang.userloginformvp.bean.User;

/**
* Created by liang on 2016/8/22.
*/
public interface IUserLoginView {
String getUserName();

String getPassword();

void clearUserName();

void clearPassword();

void showLoading();

void hideLoading();

void toMainActivity(User user);

void showFailedError();
}

　　MainActivity:

package com.example.liang.userloginformvp;

import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.example.liang.userloginformvp.bean.User;
import com.example.liang.userloginformvp.presenter.UserLoginPresenter;
import com.example.liang.userloginformvp.view.IUserLoginView;

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements IUserLoginView{

private EditText usernaem_edit,password_edit;
private Button login_btn,clear_btn;
private ProgressBar loading;

private UserLoginPresenter userLoginPresenter=new UserLoginPresenter(this);

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

initViews();
}

private void initViews(){
usernaem_edit=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.edit_username);
password_edit=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.edit_password);

login_btn=(Button)findViewById(R.id.login);
clear_btn=(Button)findViewById(R.id.clear);

loading=(ProgressBar)findViewById(R.id.login_progressbar);
loading.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
login_btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
userLoginPresenter.login();
}
});

clear_btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
userLoginPresenter.clear();
}
});

}

@Override
public String getUserName() {
return usernaem_edit.getText().toString();
}

@Override
public String getPassword() {
return password_edit.getText().toString();
}

@Override
public void clearUserName() {
usernaem_edit.setText("");
}

@Override
public void clearPassword() {
password_edit.setText("");
}

@Override
public void showLoading() {
loading.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
}

@Override
public void hideLoading() {
loading.setVisibility(View.GONE);
}

@Override
public void toMainActivity(User user) {
Toast.makeText(this,user.getUsername()+" login success , to MainActivity",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
.show();
}

@Override
public void showFailedError() {
Toast.makeText(this, "login failed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}

MVP总结：Activity作为View加载视图并响应点击事件（直接想登陆），点击事件交由Presenter处理，Presenter将登陆逻辑交给Model处理，并根据model处理结果告诉View改返回什么试图。



------------------------------------分隔线



从MVP到MVVM中：至于MVVM基本上和MVP一模一样，感觉只是名字替换了一下。他的关键技术就是今天的主题(Data Binding)。View的变化可以自动的反应在ViewModel，ViewModel的数据变化也会自动反应到View上。这样开发者就不用处理接收事件和View更新的工作，框架已经帮你做好了。

三 MVVM模式

M:model,业务逻辑

V：加载视图，和layout通信，进行数据绑定与更新，对应Activity（由于代码是在太少，有时自带启动自己的方法）

VM：判断条件，逻辑实现



项目框架：



首先配置环境



加一句：



　　LoginViewModel

package com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.viewmodel;

import android.content.Context;
import android.databinding.ObservableField;
import android.databinding.ObservableInt;
import android.text.Editable;
import android.text.TextWatcher;
import android.view.View;

import com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.modle.User;
import com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.view_activity.MainActivity;

/**
* Created by liang on 2016/8/23.
*/
public class LoginViewModel implements ViewModel {
private Context context;
//用于数据刷新的便捷类型：ObservableField，ObservableInt····
public ObservableField<String> loginMessage;
public ObservableInt loginMessageVisibility;
private String editTextUsernameValue = "";
private String editTextPasswordValue = "";

public LoginViewModel(Context context) {
this.context = context;
this.loginMessage = new ObservableField<>("");
this.loginMessageVisibility = new ObservableInt(View.INVISIBLE);
}

//登陆，实际上这个方法是在layout文件中调用的

public void loginAuthentication(View view) {
if ((editTextUsernameValue.equals("lqy")) && (editTextPasswordValue.equals("123"))) {
loginMessage.set("");
loginMessageVisibility.set(View.INVISIBLE);
User user = new User(editTextUsernameValue, editTextPasswordValue);
context.startActivity(MainActivity.newIntent(context, user));
} else if ((editTextUsernameValue.equals("")) || (editTextPasswordValue.equals(""))) {
loginMessage.set("Username or Password can't be empty!");
loginMessageVisibility.set(View.VISIBLE);
} else {
loginMessage.set("Username = lqy \n Password = 123");
loginMessageVisibility.set(View.VISIBLE);
}
}

//观察Text变化的TextWatcher
public TextWatcher getUsernameUpdate() {
return new TextWatcher() {
@Override
public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence charSequence, int i, int i1, int i2) {

}

@Override
public void onTextChanged(CharSequence charSequence, int i, int i1, int i2) {
editTextUsernameValue = charSequence.toString();
}

@Override
public void afterTextChanged(Editable editable) {

}
};
}

public TextWatcher getPasswordUpdate() {
return new TextWatcher() {
@Override
public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence charSequence, int i, int i1, int i2) {

}

@Override
public void onTextChanged(CharSequence charSequence, int i, int i1, int i2) {
editTextPasswordValue = charSequence.toString();
}

@Override
public void afterTextChanged(Editable editable) {

}
};
}

@Override
public void destroy() {

}
}

　　MainViewModel:

package com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.viewmodel;

import android.content.Context;

import com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.modle.User;

/**
* Created by liang on 2016/8/23.
*/
public class MainViewModel {
private Context context;
private User user;

public MainViewModel(Context context, User user) {
this.context = context;
this.user = user;
}

public String getUsername(){
return user.username;
}
public String getPassword(){
return user.password;
}
}

　　ViewModel:

package com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.viewmodel;

/**
* Created by liang on 2016/8/23.
*/
public interface ViewModel {
void destroy();
}

　　User:

package com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.modle;

import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;

/**
* Created by liang on 2016/8/23.
*/
//实现Parcelable接口，可以让类在网络或进程中传递
public class User implements Parcelable{
public String username;
public String password;

public User(String username,String password){
this.username=username;
this.password=password;
}

public User(Parcel in) {
username = in.readString();
password = in.readString();
}

public static final Creator<User> CREATOR=new Creator<User>() {
@Override
public User createFromParcel(Parcel parcel) {
return new User(parcel);
}

@Override
public User[] newArray(int i) {
return new User[i];
}
};

@Override
public int describeContents() {
return 0;
}

@Override
public void writeToParcel(Parcel parcel, int i) {
parcel.writeString(this.username);
parcel.writeString(this.password);
}
}

　　

　　LoginActivity

package com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.view_activity;

import android.databinding.DataBindingUtil;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;

import com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.R;
import com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.databinding.ActivityLoginBinding;
import com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.viewmodel.LoginViewModel;

/**
* Created by liang on 2016/8/23.
*/
public class LoginActivity extends AppCompatActivity{
//当给布局指定格式之后会产生相应的Bing类，例如activity_login.xml会产生ActivityLoginBinding类
ActivityLoginBinding loginBinding;
LoginViewModel viewModel;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//指定布局，没有XXX.findViewById了
loginBinding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_login);

viewModel=new LoginViewModel(this);
loginBinding.setViewmodel(viewModel);
}
}

　　MainActivity

package com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.view_activity;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.databinding.DataBindingUtil;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;

import com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.R;
import com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.databinding.ActivityMainBinding;
import com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.modle.User;
import com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.viewmodel.MainViewModel;

/**
* Created by liang on 2016/8/23.
*/
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity{
ActivityMainBinding activityMainBinding;
MainViewModel mainViewModel;

//传递数据的标志
private static final String EXTRA_USER = "extra_user";

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
activityMainBinding= DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);

User user=getIntent().getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_USER);

mainViewModel=new MainViewModel(this,user);
activityMainBinding.setMainviewmodel(mainViewModel);
}

//viewmodel唤醒这个Activity的方法
public static Intent newIntent(Context context, User user){
Intent intent = new Intent(context, MainActivity.class);
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_USER,user);
return intent;
}
}

　　下面就是非常重要的layout文件了：

activity_mian.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

<data>
<variable
name="viewmodel"
type="com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.viewmodel.LoginViewModel">

</variable>
</data>
<!--先要指定绑定的类-->
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".view_activity.LoginActivity">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/loginmessage"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@{viewmodel.loginMessage}"
android:textAlignment="center"
android:textColor="@color/colorAccent"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
android:layout_marginBottom="20dp"/>

<!--监听text的变化-->
<EditText
android:id="@+id/login_username"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:inputType="textPersonName"
android:ems="10"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_below="@+id/loginmessage"
android:hint="UserName"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"
app:addTextChangedListener="@{viewmodel.usernameUpdate}"/>

<EditText
android:id="@+id/login_password"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:inputType="textPassword"
android:hint="Password"
android:ems="10"
android:layout_below="@id/login_username"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"
app:addTextChangedListener="@{viewmodel.passwordUpdate}" />

<Button
android:layout_width="210dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="LOGIN"
android:layout_below="@id/login_password"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:onClick="@{viewmodel.loginAuthentication}"/>

</RelativeLayout>
</layout>

activity_login.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">
<data>
<variable
name="mainviewmodel"
type="com.example.liang.userloginformvvm.viewmodel.MainViewModel"></variable>
</data>
<LinearLayout
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".view_activity.MainActivity">

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<TextView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:text="Welcome"
android:layout_weight="1"/>

<TextView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="3"
android:text="@{mainviewmodel.username}"/>
</LinearLayout>

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="60dp"
android:orientation="horizontal">

<TextView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:text="Password is"
android:layout_weight="1"/>

<TextView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="3"
android:text="@{mainviewmodel.password}"/>
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

</layout>

MVVM总结：通过View加载布局，并通过布局调用ViewModel中的方法，VeiwModel可以通过调用后的结果决定启动什么视图，同时ViewModel保持和model的通信。

2016.8.24首次截稿

有什么错误麻烦大家指出来，在线更新。

参考资料：

鸿洋老师的博客： http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/46596109
胡笛老师的微信推文

还有github上的资源

以及http://my.oschina.net/u/1175007/blog/613889