Python列表详解(一)
2016-08-18 23:49
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Python 2.7.11 (v2.7.11:6d1b6a68f775, Dec 5 2015, 20:40:30) [MSC v.1500 64 bit ( AMD64)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
建立空列表
>>> world = []
显示内建方法
dir()函数是查看函数或模块内的操作方法,输出方法列表。
>>> dir(world) ['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__delsli ce__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getit em__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__r educe__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__' , '__setitem__', '__setslice__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'a ppend', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort' ]
显示内建方法的详细说明
help()函数是查看函数或模块用途的详细说明
append方法:列表尾部元素添加
>>> help(world.append) Help on built-in function append: append(...) L.append(object) -- append object to end
实例1:字符串用引号引用
>>> world.append('God') >>> world.append(1) >>> world.append(2) >>> world.append('all')
实例2:仅限一个参数
>>> world.append('ChangerLee','kai') Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: append() takes exactly one argument (2 given)
实例3:列表尾部添加元素也包括:列表,字典,元组
>>> world.append(['ChangerLee','kai']) >>> world ['God', 1, 2, 'all', ['ChangerLee', 'kai']]
count方法:返回元素在列表中出现的个数
>>> help(world.count) Help on built-in function count: count(...) L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value
实例4:
>>> world ['God', 1, 2, 'all', ['ChangerLee', 'kai']] >>> world.count(1) 1 >>> world.count('God') 1 >>> world.count('Gody') 0
extend方法:通过迭代器的元素添加来扩展列表,即将列表合并到原列表上
>>> help(world.extend) Help on built-in function extend: extend(...) L.extend(iterable) -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable
实例5:
>>> world ['God', 1, 2, 'all', ['ChangerLee', 'kai']] >>> world.extend(['flowers','fish']) >>> world ['God', 1, 2, 'all', ['ChangerLee', 'kai'], 'flowers', 'fish']
index方法:返回列表中指定元素第一次出现时的所在下标,元素不存在则报错,可选参数表示从start下标到stop下标该元素第一次出现的位置
>>> help(world.index) Help on built-in function index: index(...) L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
实例6:
>>> world ['God', 1, 2, 'all', ['ChangerLee', 'kai'], 'flowers', 'fish'] >>> world.index('God') 0 >>> world.index(2) 2 >>> list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6] >>> list1 *=5 >>> list1 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, , 4, 5, 6] >>> list1.index(1,6,10) 6 >>>
实例7:
>>> world.index(num) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> NameError: name 'num' is not defined
insert方法:将元素插入指定index的位置
>>> help(world.insert) Help on built-in function insert: insert(...) L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index
实例8:
>>> world ['God', 1, 2, 'all', ['ChangerLee', 'kai'], 'flowers', 'fish'] >>> world.insert(1,'insertvar') >>> world ['God', 'insertvar', 1, 2, 'all', ['ChangerLee', 'kai'], 'flowers', 'fish']
pop方法:将元素从index对应的列表中的位置删除,默认从列表尾部删除
>>> help(world.pop) Help on built-in function pop: pop(...) L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last). Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
实例9:
>>> world ['God', 'insertvar', 1, 2, 'all', ['ChangerLee', 'kai'], 'flowers', 'fish'] >>> world.pop() 'fish' >>> world ['God', 'insertvar', 1, 2, 'all', ['ChangerLee', 'kai'], 'flowers'] >>> world.pop(1) 'insertvar' >>> world ['God', 1, 2, 'all', ['ChangerLee', 'kai'], 'flowers']
remove方法:删除列表中已存在指定的元素,删除列表中不存在的元素将报错
>>> help(world.remove) Help on built-in function remove: remove(...) L.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
实例10:
>>> world ['God', 1, 2, 'all', ['ChangerLee', 'kai'], 'flowers'] >>> world.remove(1) >>> world ['God', 2, 'all', ['ChangerLee', 'kai'], 'flowers'] >>> world.remove(3) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list >>> world ['God', 2, 'all', ['ChangerLee', 'kai'], 'flowers']
实例11:del语句删除
>>> world ['God', 2, 'all', ['ChangerLee', 'kai'], 'flowers'] >>> del world[1] >>> world ['God', 'all', ['ChangerLee', 'kai'], 'flowers'] >>> del world >>> world Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> NameError: name 'world' is not defined
sort方法 :排序
>>> help(world.sort) Help on built-in function sort: sort(...) L.sort(cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) -- stable sort *IN PLACE*; cmp(x, y) -> -1, 0, 1
实例12:
>>> world = [1,2,3,33,22,11,'d','a','c',['qwer','asdf'],'ChangerLee','God'] >>> world.sort() >>> world [1, 2, 3, 11, 22, 33, ['qwer', 'asdf'], 'ChangerLee', 'God', 'a', 'c', 'd'] >>> world.sort(reverse=True) >>> world ['d', 'c', 'a', 'God', 'ChangerLee', ['qwer', 'asdf'], 33, 22, 11, 3, 2, 1] >>>
reverse方法:转置,倒序
>>> help(world.reverse) Help on built-in function reverse: reverse(...) L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE*
实例13:
>>> world [1, 2, 3, 11, 22, 33, ['qwer', 'asdf'], 'ChangerLee', 'God', 'a', 'c', 'd'] >>> world.reverse() >>> world ['d', 'c', 'a', 'God', 'ChangerLee', ['qwer', 'asdf'], 33, 22, 11, 3, 2, 1] >>>
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