linux驱动入门-hello设备驱动程序编写
2016-07-31 11:54
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linux驱动入门-hello设备驱动程序编写
创建一个hello.c文件[luxibao@centos ~]$ mkdir hello
[luxibao@centos ~]$ ls
dropbear-0.53.1 fl2440 公共的 视频 文档 音乐
dropbear-0.53.1.tar.bz2 hello 模板 图片 下载 桌面
[luxibao@centos ~]$ cd hello/
[luxibao@centos hello]$ ls
[luxibao@centos hello]$ vim hello.c
/******************************************************************************
}
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
* Copyright: (C) 2016 luxibao<864809344@qq.com>
* All rights reserved.
*
* Filename: hello.c
* Description: This file
*
* Version: 1.0.0(2016年07月26日)
* Author: luxibao <864809344@qq.com>
* ChangeLog: 1, Release initial version on "2016年7月26日10时8分00秒"
*
*
*******************************************************************************/
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
static int hello_init(void)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "Hello, luxibao\n");
return 0;
}
static void hello_exit(void)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "Goodbye, luxibao\n");
}
module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);
这个模块定义了两个函数，其中一个在模块被装载打到内核是调用（hello——init），而另一个则是在模块被移除时调用（hello_exit）。
特殊宏（MODULE_LICENSE）用来告诉内核，该模块采取自由许可证，如果没有这样的声明，内核在装载该模块时会产生抱怨。
[luxibao@centos hello]$ ls
hello.c
Hello 驱动的Makefile编写：
适用于Linux操作系统：
在hello.c同一级目录下创建makefile
[luxibao@centos hello]$ vim makefile
obj-m=hello.o
modules:
make -C /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build/ M=`pwd` modules
make clean
clean:
rm -f *.o *.mod.c *.order *.symvers
[luxibao@centos hello]$ ls
hello.c makefile
[luxibao@centos hello]$ make
[luxibao@centos hello]$ make
make -C /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build/ M=`pwd` modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64'
CC [M] /home/luxibao/hello/hello.o
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
CC /home/luxibao/hello/hello.mod.o
LD [M] /home/luxibao/hello/hello.ko.unsigned
NO SIGN [M] /home/luxibao/hello/hello.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64'
make clean
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/luxibao/hello'
rm -f *.o *.mod.c *.order *.symvers
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/luxibao/hello'
[luxibao@centos hello]$ ls
hello.c hello.ko hello.ko.unsigned Makefile
[luxibao@centos hello]$ sudo insmod ./hello.ko
[luxibao@centos hello]$ dmesg
.....................................
SELinux: initialized (dev mqueue, type mqueue), uses transition SIDs
lo: Disabled Privacy Extensions
SELinux: initialized (dev proc, type proc), uses genfs_contexts
fuse init (API version 7.14)
psmouse.c: Wheel Mouse at isa0060/serio1/input0 lost synchronization, throwing 2 bytes away.
psmouse.c: resync failed, issuing reconnect request
Hello, luxibao
[luxibao@centos hello]$ sudo rmmod ./hello.ko
[luxibao@centos hello]$ dmesg
........................................
SELinux: initialized (dev proc, type proc), uses genfs_contexts
fuse init (API version 7.14)
psmouse.c: Wheel Mouse at isa0060/serio1/input0 lost synchronization, throwing 2 bytes away.
psmouse.c: resync failed, issuing reconnect request
Hello, luxibao
Goodbye, luxibao
[luxibao@centos hello]$ lsmod
[luxibao@centos hello]$ dmesg
SELinux: initialized (dev mqueue, type mqueue), uses transition SIDs
SELinux: initialized (dev proc, type proc), uses genfs_contexts
SELinux: initialized (dev mqueue, type mqueue), uses transition SIDs
lo: Disabled Privacy Extensions
SELinux: initialized (dev proc, type proc), uses genfs_contexts
fuse init (API version 7.14)
psmouse.c: Wheel Mouse at isa0060/serio1/input0 lost synchronization, throwing 2 bytes away.
psmouse.c: resync failed, issuing reconnect request
Hello, luxibao
Goodbye, luxibao
适用于fl2440开发板：
[luxibao@centos ~]$ mkdir hello.1
[luxibao@centos hello]$ ls
hello.c hello.ko hello.ko.unsigned Makefile
[luxibao@centos hello]$ sz hello.c
rz
Starting zmodem transfer. Press Ctrl+C to cancel.
Transferring hello.c...
100% 748 bytes 748 bytes/s 00:00:01 0 Errors
[luxibao@centos hello]$
[luxibao@centos hello]$ ls
hello.c hello.ko hello.ko.unsigned Makefile
[luxibao@centos hello]$ cd ../
[luxibao@centos ~]$ cd hello.1
[luxibao@centos hello.1]$ ls
Makefile
[luxibao@centos hello.1]$ rz
rz waiting to receive.
Starting zmodem transfer. Press Ctrl+C to cancel.
Transferring hello.c...
100% 748 bytes 748 bytes/s 00:00:01 0 Errors
[luxibao@centos hello.1]$ vim Makefile
C=/opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-gcc
KDIR?=/home/luxibao/fl2440/kernel/linux-3.0
obj-m:=hello.o
default:
$(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=`pwd` modules
make clean
clean:
rm -f *.o *mod.c *.order *.symvers
[luxibao@centos hello.1]$ ls
hello.c Makefile
[luxibao@centos hello.1]$ make
make -C /home/luxibao/fl2440/kernel/linux-3.0 M=`pwd` modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/luxibao/fl2440/kernel/linux-3.0'
CC [M] /home/luxibao/hello.1/hello.o
Building modules, stage 2.
MODPOST 1 modules
CC /home/luxibao/hello.1/hello.mod.o
LD [M] /home/luxibao/hello.1/hello.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/luxibao/fl2440/kernel/linux-3.0'
make clean
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/luxibao/hello.1'
rm -f *.o *mod.c *.order *.symvers
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/luxibao/hello.1'
[luxibao@centos hello.1]$ ls
hello.c hello.ko Makefile
在开发板上操作：
>: ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr D6:86:38:B9:4D:CF
inet addr:192.168.1.111 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:54 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:7236 (7.0 KiB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
Interrupt:51 Base address:0x2300
>: tftp -gr hello.ko 192.168.1.2
hello.ko 100% |*******************************| 2134 0:00:00 ETA
>: insmod hello.ko
Hello, luxibao
>: ls /lib/
ld-uClibc-0.9.33.2.so libnsl-0.9.33.2.so
ld-uClibc.so.0 libnsl.so.0
libc.so.0 libpthread-0.9.33.2.so
libcrypt-0.9.33.2.so libpthread.so.0
libcrypt.so.0 libresolv-0.9.33.2.so
libdl-0.9.33.2.so libresolv.so.0
libdl.so.0 librt-0.9.33.2.so
libgcc_s.so librt.so.0
libgcc_s.so.1 libstdc++.so
libm-0.9.33.2.so libstdc++.so.6
libm.so.0 libstdc++.so.6.0.14
libmudflap.so libstdc++.so.6.0.14-gdb.py
libmudflap.so.0 libuClibc-0.9.33.2.so
libmudflap.so.0.0.0 libutil-0.9.33.2.so
libmudflapth.so libutil.so.0
libmudflapth.so.0 modules
libmudflapth.so.0.0.0
>: dmesg
Linux version 3.0.0 (luxibao@centos.6localdomain) (gcc version 4.5.4 (Buildroot 2012.08) ) #16 Sat Jul 30 10:18:27 CST 2016
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
Machine: SMDK2440
.................
usb 1-1: new full speed USB device number 2 using s3c2410-ohci
hub 1-1:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-1:1.0: 4 ports detected
dm9000 dm9000: eth0: link down
dm9000 dm9000: eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0xCDE1
Hello, luxibao
>: lsmod
hello 628 0 - Live 0xbf000000
>: rmmod hello
Goodbye, luxibao
>: dmesg
............................
Freeing init memory: 132K
usb 1-1: new full speed USB device number 2 using s3c2410-ohci
hub 1-1:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-1:1.0: 4 ports detected
dm9000 dm9000: eth0: link down
dm9000 dm9000: eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0xCDE1
Hello, luxibao
Goodbye, luxibao
遇到的问题和解决方法：
1.编写的Makefile程序make 报错：
解决：出去多余的？号，Tab键代替空格，检查命令是否出错，单词是否拼写错误。
2.忘记在hello.1下创建hello.c文件
解决：创建hello.c文件或者从hello文件夹下直接copy hello.c过来
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