Swift - 文件，文件夹操作大全

已更新到swift3
ios开发经常会遇到读文件，写文件等，对文件和文件夹的操作，这时就可以使用FileManager，FileHandle等类来实现。
下面总结了各种常用的操作：
1，遍历一个目录下的所有文件

//1、首先我们获取用户文档目录路径
let manager = FileManager.default
let urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory,in: .userDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0] as URL
print(url)

//2、对指定的路径执行浅搜索，返回制定目录路径下的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表
let contentsOfPath = try? manager.contentsOfDirectory(atPath:url.path)
print("contentsOfPath:\(String(describing: contentsOfPath))")

//3、类似上面的，对指定路径执行浅搜索，返回制定目录路径下的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表
let hcontentsOfPath = try? manager.contentsOfDirectory(at: url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil, options: .skipsHiddenFiles)
print("hcontentsOfPath:\(String(describing: hcontentsOfPath))")

//4、深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（但不会递归符号链接）
let enumeratorAtPath = manager.enumerator(atPath:url.path)
print("enumeratorAtPath:\(String(describing: enumeratorAtPath))")

//5、类似上面的，深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（但不会递归符号链接）
let eunmeratorAtURL = manager.enumerator(at: url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil, options: .skipsHiddenFiles, errorHandler: nil)
print("enumeratorAtURL:\(String(describing: eunmeratorAtURL?.allObjects))")

//6、深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（包括符号链接，所以要求性能的话用enumeratorAtPath）
let subPaths = manager.subpaths(atPath:url.path)
print("subpaths:\(String(describing: subPaths))")

2，判断文件或文件夹是否存在

//判断文件夹是否存在
let filePaths:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/test1"
print(filePaths)

let exist = manager.fileExists(atPath:filePaths)
print(exist)
if exist {
print("有")
}else
{
print("无")
}

3，创建文件夹

方式1：

let myDirectory:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/myFile/Files"
let fileManager = FileManager.default

//withIntermediateDirectories为ture表示路径中间如果有不存在的文件夹都会创建
try! fileManager.createDirectory(atPath:myDirectory, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)

方式2：

func creatFiles(name:String,baseURL:NSURL) {
let hmanager = FileManager.default
let myFolders = baseURL.appendingPathComponent(name, isDirectory: true)
print("文件夹:\(String(describing: myFolders))")

let exist = hmanager.fileExists(atPath:myFolders!.path)

if !exist {
try! hmanager.createDirectory(at: myFolders!, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)
}

}

let hurlForDocument = fileManager.urls(for: .documentDirectory,in: .userDomainMask)
let hurl = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL creatFiles(name: "Folder", baseURL: hurl)

4，将对象写入文件

可以通过writeToFile方法，可以创建文件并将对象写入，对象包括String，NSString，UIImage，NSArray，NSDictionary等。

（1）把String保存到文件

let hfilepath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/hero.txt"
let info = "欢迎来到hero11223.com"
try! info.write(toFile: hfilepath, atomically: true, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)

（2）把图片保存到文件路径下

let h1filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/hero.png"
let himage = UIImage(named: "Icon_180.png")
let hdata:Data = UIImagePNGRepresentation(himage!)!
try? hdata.write(to: URL(fileURLWithPath: h1filePath))

（3）把NSArray保存到文件路径下

let array:NSArray = ["aaa","bbb","ccc"]
print(array)
let h2filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/array.plist"
print(h2filePath)
array.write(toFile: h2filePath, atomically: true)

（4）把NSDictionary保存到文件路径下

let dictionary:NSDictionary = ["gold":"1kl","silver":"2k"]
print(dictionary)
let h3filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/dictionary.plist"
print(h3filePath)
dictionary.write(toFile: h3filePath, atomically: true)

5，创建文件

//创建文件
func creatFile(name:String,baseurl:URL) {
let manager = FileManager.default

let file = baseurl.appendingPathComponent(name)
print("文件：\(file)")

let exist = manager.fileExists(atPath:file.path)

if !exist {
let data = Data(base64Encoded:"aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=" ,options:.ignoreUnknownCharacters)
let createSuccess = manager.createFile(atPath:file.path, contents: data, attributes: nil)

print("文件创建结果：\(createSuccess)")
}

}

//在文档目录下新建test.txt文件
let h1urlForDocument = manager.urls(for: .documentDirectory,in: .userDomainMask)
let h1url = urlForDocument[0]
creatFile(name: "hero11.txt", baseurl: h1url)

6，复制文件

（1）方法1

（2）方法2

7，移动文件

（1）方法1

let fileManager = [code]FileManager

.

default

let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/moved"
try! fileManager.moveItem(srcUrl, toPath: toUrl)[/code]

（2）方法2

// 定位到用户文档目录
let manager = [code]FileManager

.

default

let urlForDocument =

manager.urls(

for

: .documentDirectory,

in

:.userDomainMask)

let url = urlForDocument[0]

let srcUrl = url.

appendingPathComponent

("test.txt")
let toUrl = url.

appendingPathComponent

("copyed.txt")
// 移动srcUrl中的文件（test.txt）到toUrl中（copyed.txt）
try! manager.moveItemAtURL(srcUrl, toURL: toUrl)[/code]

8，删除文件

（1）方法1

let fileManager = [code]FileManager

.

default

let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
try! fileManager.removeItem(srcUrl)[/code]

（2）方法2

// 定位到用户文档目录
let manager = [code]FileManager

.

default

let urlForDocument = manager.urls(

for

: .documentDirectory,

in

:.userDomainMask

)
let url = urlForDocument[0]

let toUrl = url.

appendingPathComponent

("copyed.txt")
// 删除文档根目录下的toUrl路径的文件（copyed.txt文件）
try! manager.removeItem(toUrl)[/code]

9，删除目录下所有的文件

（1）方法1：获取所有文件，然后遍历删除

let fileManager = [code]FileManager

.

default

let myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/Files"
let fileArray = fileManager.subpaths(

atPath:

myDirectory)
for fn in fileArray!{
try! fileManager.removeItem(myDirectory + "/\(fn)")
}[/code]

（2）方法2：删除目录后重新创建该目录

let fileManager = [code]

FileManager

.

default

let myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/Files"
try! fileManager.removeItem(

atPath:

myDirectory)
try! fileManager.createDirectory(

atPath:

myDirectory, withIntermediateDirectories: true,
attributes: nil)[/code]

10，读取文件 here

let manager = [code]

FileManager

.

default

let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.

urls

(

for

: .documentDirectory,

in

:.userDomainMask

)
let docPath:NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")

//方法1
let readHandler = try! FileHandle(forReadingFrom:file)
let data = readHandler.readDataToEndOfFile()
let readString = String(data: data, encoding:

String

.

Encoding

.utf8

)
print("文件内容: \(readString)")

//方法2
let data = manager.contents(

atPath:file.path

)
let readString = String(data: data!, encoding:

String

.

Encoding

.utf8

)
print("文件内容: \(readString)")[/code]

11，在任意位置写入数据

let manager = FileManager.default
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.[code]urls(

for

:.documentDirectory,

in

:.userDomainMask)

let docPath:NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")

let string = "添加一些文字到末尾"
let appendedData = string.

data(using:

String

.

Encoding

.utf8, allowLossyConversion:

true

)

let writeHandler = try? FileHandle(forWritingTo:file)
writeHandler!.seekToEndOfFile()
writeHandler!.writeData(appendedData!)[/code]

12，文件权限判断

let manager = FileManager.default
let [code]urlForDocument

= manager.

urls(

for

: .documentDirectory,

in

:.userDomainMask)

let docPath:NSURL =

urlForDocument

[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")

let readable = manager.isReadableFile(atPath：file.path!)
print("可读: \(readable)")
let writeable = manager.isWritableFile(atPath：file.path!)
print("可写: \(writeable)")
let executable = manager.isExecutableFile(atPath：file.path!)
print("可执行: \(executable)")
let deleteable = manager.isDeletableFile(atPath：file.path!)
print("可删除: \(deleteable)")[/code]

13，获取文件属性（创建时间，修改时间，文件大小，文件类型等信息）

let manager = FileManager.default
let [code]urlForDocument

= manager.

urls(

for

: .documentDirectory,

in

:.userDomainMask)

let docPath:NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0]
let file = docPath.appendingPathComponent("test.txt")

let attributes = try? manager.attributesOfItem(

atPath:

file.path!) //结果为AnyObject类型
print("attributes: \(attributes!)")[/code]

14，文件/文件夹比较

let manager = FileManager.default
let [code]urlForDocument

= manager.

urls(

for

: .documentDirectory,

in

:.userDomainMask)

let docPath:NSURL =

urlForDocument

[0]
let contents = try! manager.contentsOfDirectory(

atPath:

docPath.path!)

//下面比较前面两个文件是否内容相同（该方法也可以用来比较目录）
let count = contents.count
if count > 1 {
let path1 = docPath.path! + "/" + (contents[0] as String)
let path2 = docPath.path! + "/" + (contents[1] as String)
let equal = manager.contentsEqualAtPath(path1,andPath:path2)
print("比较结果: \(equal)")
}[/code]

原文出自：www.hangge.com 转载请保留原文链接：http://www.hangge.com/blog/cache/detail_527.html 感谢航哥