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Android串口操作,简化android-serialport-api的demo

2016-07-19 16:52 459 查看
最近在做android串口的开发,找到一个开源的串口类android-serialport-api。其主页在这里http://code.google.com/p/android-serialport-api/ ,这里可以下到APK及对源码。
但是下载源码之后发现源码不能直接使用,而且源码结构较为复杂。关于串口的操作不外乎几步:
1.打开串口(及配置串口);
2.读串口;
3.写串口;
4.关闭串口。
android-serialport-api的代码使用了继承等复杂的行为,不容易使初学者很快掌握关于串口的上述4步,所以我特别自己写了一个demo,只有一个activity,其中包含了打开串口,写串口,读串口的操作,对于关闭串口,大家一开就会不明白怎么写了。
这篇文章主要参考http://blog.csdn.net/tangcheng_ok/article/details/7021470
还有http://blog.csdn.net/jerome_home/article/details/8452305

下面言归正传:

第一:
说道android 串口,就不得不提JNI技术,它使得java中可以调用c语言写成的库。为可在android中使用串口,android-serialport-api的作者自己写了一个c语言的动态链接库serial_port.so(自动命名成libserial_port.so),并把它放在了libs/aemeabi
里,其c源文件在JNI中,大家在下载了android-serialport-api的源代码后,将这两个文件夹copy到自己新建的工程中即可。



第二:
然后将调用c语言写成的动态链接库的java类放入到src文件夹下的android.serialport包下,这里一定要将包名命名成这个,因为对JNI有一定了解的人就会知道,在写c语言链接库时候,函数的命名是和调用它的类所在的包名相关的,一旦包名与链接库中函数的命名不相符,就不能调用链接库的函数。这里可以打开jni中的.c文件(他就是动态链接库的源文件),可以看到源码:

[cpp] view plaincopy

[cpp] view plaincopy

/*

* Copyright 2009 Cedric Priscal

*

* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

* You may obtain a copy of the License at

*

* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*

* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

* limitations under the License.

*/

#include <termios.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#include <sys/types.h>

#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <fcntl.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <jni.h>

#include "android/log.h"

static const char *TAG="serial_port";

#define LOGI(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, TAG, fmt, ##args)

#define LOGD(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, TAG, fmt, ##args)

#define LOGE(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, TAG, fmt, ##args)

static speed_t getBaudrate(jint baudrate)

{

switch(baudrate) {

case 0: return B0;

case 50: return B50;

case 75: return B75;

case 110: return B110;

case 134: return B134;

case 150: return B150;

case 200: return B200;

case 300: return B300;

case 600: return B600;

case 1200: return B1200;

case 1800: return B1800;

case 2400: return B2400;

case 4800: return B4800;

case 9600: return B9600;

case 19200: return B19200;

case 38400: return B38400;

case 57600: return B57600;

case 115200: return B115200;

case 230400: return B230400;

case 460800: return B460800;

case 500000: return B500000;

case 576000: return B576000;

case 921600: return B921600;

case 1000000: return B1000000;

case 1152000: return B1152000;

case 1500000: return B1500000;

case 2000000: return B2000000;

case 2500000: return B2500000;

case 3000000: return B3000000;

case 3500000: return B3500000;

case 4000000: return B4000000;

default: return -1;

}

}

/*

* Class: cedric_serial_SerialPort

* Method: open

* Signature: (Ljava/lang/String;)V

*/

JNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_android_serialport_SerialPort_open

(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jstring path, jint baudrate)

{

int fd;

speed_t speed;

jobject mFileDescriptor;

/* Check arguments */

{

speed = getBaudrate(baudrate);

if (speed == -1) {

/* TODO: throw an exception */

LOGE("Invalid baudrate");

return NULL;

}

}

/* Opening device */

{

jboolean iscopy;

const char *path_utf = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, path, &iscopy);

LOGD("Opening serial port %s", path_utf);

fd = open(path_utf, O_RDWR | O_DIRECT | O_SYNC);

LOGD("open() fd = %d", fd);

(*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, path, path_utf);

if (fd == -1)

{

/* Throw an exception */

LOGE("Cannot open port");

/* TODO: throw an exception */

return NULL;

}

}

/* Configure device */

{

struct termios cfg;

LOGD("Configuring serial port");

if (tcgetattr(fd, &cfg))

{

LOGE("tcgetattr() failed");

close(fd);

/* TODO: throw an exception */

return NULL;

}

cfmakeraw(&cfg);

cfsetispeed(&cfg, speed);

cfsetospeed(&cfg, speed);

if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &cfg))

{

LOGE("tcsetattr() failed");

close(fd);

/* TODO: throw an exception */

return NULL;

}

}

/* Create a corresponding file descriptor */

{

jclass cFileDescriptor = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/io/FileDescriptor");

jmethodID iFileDescriptor = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cFileDescriptor, "<init>", "()V");

jfieldID descriptorID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, cFileDescriptor, "descriptor", "I");

mFileDescriptor = (*env)->NewObject(env, cFileDescriptor, iFileDescriptor);

(*env)->SetIntField(env, mFileDescriptor, descriptorID, (jint)fd);

}

return mFileDescriptor;

}

/*

* Class: cedric_serial_SerialPort

* Method: close

* Signature: ()V

*/

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_android_serialport_SerialPort_close

(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz)

{

jclass SerialPortClass = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, thiz);

jclass FileDescriptorClass = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/io/FileDescriptor");

jfieldID mFdID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, SerialPortClass, "mFd", "Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;");

jfieldID descriptorID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, FileDescriptorClass, "descriptor", "I");

jobject mFd = (*env)->GetObjectField(env, thiz, mFdID);

jint descriptor = (*env)->GetIntField(env, mFd, descriptorID);

LOGD("close(fd = %d)", descriptor);

close(descriptor);

}

可以看到,函数的命名规则直接和包名有关。

第三:
android.serialport包下,有两个类,分别是SerialPort.java 和SerialPortFinder.java。
其中,SerialPort.java,这个类主要用来加载SO文件,通过JNI的方式打开关闭串口。

[java] view plaincopy

/*

* Copyright 2009 Cedric Priscal

*

* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

* You may obtain a copy of the License at

*

* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*

* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

* limitations under the License.

*/

package android.serialport;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileDescriptor;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.OutputStream;

import android.util.Log;

public class SerialPort {

private static final String TAG = "SerialPort";

/*

* Do not remove or rename the field mFd: it is used by native method close();

*/

private FileDescriptor mFd;

private FileInputStream mFileInputStream;

private FileOutputStream mFileOutputStream;

public SerialPort(File device, int baudrate) throws SecurityException, IOException {

/* Check access permission */

if (!device.canRead() || !device.canWrite()) {

try {

/* Missing read/write permission, trying to chmod the file */

Process su;

su = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("/system/bin/su");

String cmd = "chmod 777 " + device.getAbsolutePath() + "\n"

+ "exit\n";

/*String cmd = "chmod 777 /dev/s3c_serial0" + "\n"

+ "exit\n";*/

su.getOutputStream().write(cmd.getBytes());

if ((su.waitFor() != 0) || !device.canRead()

|| !device.canWrite()) {

throw new SecurityException();

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

throw new SecurityException();

}

}

mFd = open(device.getAbsolutePath(), baudrate);

if (mFd == null) {

Log.e(TAG, "native open returns null");

throw new IOException();

}

mFileInputStream = new FileInputStream(mFd);

mFileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(mFd);

}

// Getters and setters

public InputStream getInputStream() {

return mFileInputStream;

}

public OutputStream getOutputStream() {

return mFileOutputStream;

}

// JNI

private native static FileDescriptor open(String path, int baudrate);

public native void close();

static {

System.loadLibrary("serial_port");

}

}

可以看到System.loadLibrary("serial_port");一句,这一句就是用来加载动态链接库。我们的串口操作就是要给予这个类来实现。

含有一个类SerialPortFinder.java,这个类是用来找到系统中可以用的串口的,如果你知道的android设备有什么串口,就不必使用这个类来查找串口了,一次简化我们的demo。

第四:加入我们自己的Activity类
为了方便我记在android.serialport包下加入了我自己的MyserialActivity.java,大家从上面的图中也可以看见。
代码如下:

[java] view plaincopy

package android.serialport;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.os.Bundle;

//import android.serialport.sample.R;

import android.serialport.R;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.Button;

import android.widget.EditText;

import android.widget.Toast;

public class MyserialActivity extends Activity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

EditText mReception;

FileOutputStream mOutputStream;

FileInputStream mInputStream;

SerialPort sp;

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

final Button buttonSetup = (Button)findViewById(R.id.ButtonSetup);

buttonSetup.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

public void onClick(View v) {

mReception = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.EditTextRec);

try {

sp=new SerialPort(new File("/dev/ttyS2"),9600);

} catch (SecurityException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

mOutputStream=(FileOutputStream) sp.getOutputStream();

mInputStream=(FileInputStream) sp.getInputStream();

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "open",

Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

});

final Button buttonsend= (Button)findViewById(R.id.ButtonSent1);

buttonsend.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

public void onClick(View v) {

try {

mOutputStream.write(new String("send").getBytes());

mOutputStream.write('\n');

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "send",

Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}

});

final Button buttonrec= (Button)findViewById(R.id.ButtonRec);

buttonrec.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

public void onClick(View v) {

int size;

try {

byte[] buffer = new byte[64];

if (mInputStream == null) return;

size = mInputStream.read(buffer);

if (size > 0) {

onDataReceived(buffer, size);

}

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

return;

}

}

});

}

void onDataReceived(final byte[] buffer, final int size) {

runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {

public void run() {

if (mReception != null) {

mReception.append(new String(buffer, 0, size));

}

}

});

}

}

可以看见,功能比较简单,只有三个按钮,分别用来打开串口(buttonsetup),写串口(buttonsend),读串口(buttonrec),一个文本框用来显示串口接收到的信息。功能已经简化到了最简。

下面先说说在模拟器中使用串口的方法:
应先使用-serial选项打开你的模拟器,如图(修改你模拟器的名字)



然后进入adb shell
cd /dev
chmod 777 ttyS2
运行后结果:



相比大家都懂得,我们的串口就是ttyS2,使用chmod命令来获取对它的操作,否则之后你的应用可能没有串口的操作权限。
然后运行程序:


其中Console就是打开串口(原谅我偷懒,忘改名字了)。
你可以把你的电脑的COM1连接到另一台电脑的串口上,并在那台电脑上打开你的串口助手之类的软件,配置好串口(参数不难从源代码里看出来)。按下模拟器中的send键,就能在那台电脑的串口助手中看到:



同样,从那台电脑向这台电脑发送数据也可以显示



至此,这个小demo就完毕了。
我的源码在这里: http://download.csdn.net/detail/akunainiannian/5202173
转自:http://lpcjrflsa.iteye.com/blog/2097280
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