linux常用有效定位及处理命令汇总

每天输出一条常用或有效定位命令到这里供分享

1、du命令查看磁盘占用情况

du

–显示每个文件和目录的磁盘使用空间，默认是以KB为单位。

du/du -k
ubuntu@jx-vm01:/usr/local$ du -k
4   ./lib/python3.4/dist-packages
8   ./lib/python3.4
4   ./lib/python2.7/dist-packages
4   ./lib/python2.7/site-packages
12  ./lib/python2.7
...
24  ./share/sgml
4   ./share/fonts
68  ./share
4   ./games
56964   .     --该路径下占用总KB数

以字节byte为单位
（du -m/-g 以M／G为单位）
ubuntu@jx-vm01:/usr/local$ du -b
4096    ./lib/python3.4/dist-packages
8192    ./lib/python3.4
4096    ./lib/python2.7/dist-packages
4096    ./lib/python2.7/site-packages
12288   ./lib/python2.7
...
4096    ./share/fonts
69632   ./share
4096    ./games
122087221   .

du -s  只显示占用磁盘总和，单位是KB。
ubuntu@jx-vm01:/usr/local$ du -s
56964   .
du -l 展示全部，同du

du 某目录名称
查看置顶目录下占用情况
ubuntu@jx-vm01:/usr/local$ du share
4   share/ca-certificates
4   share/emacs/site-lisp
8   share/emacs
4   share/man
4   share/xml/declaration
4   share/xml/entities
4   share/xml/schema
4   share/xml/misc
20  share/xml
4   share/sgml/declaration
4   share/sgml/entities
4   share/sgml/dtd
4   share/sgml/stylesheet
4   share/sgml/misc
24  share/sgml
4   share/fonts
68  share

指定文件确认占用磁盘大小
ubuntu@jx-vm01:/usr/local/sbin$du delRedisCacheUsersByDay.sh
4   delRedisCacheUsersByDay.sh

2、查看进程占用端口号，杀进程

查看pid＝9000占用的端口号：
lsof -i:9000
杀掉pid＝9000的进程
sudo kill -9 9000

3、常用查看内存占用情况的命令

top
top -u ubuntu   --指定用户
ubuntu@jx-vm01:/data/cent/WEB-INF/log$ top
top - 14:44:10 up 35 days,  3:28,  2 users,  load average: 0.34, 0.21, 0.16
Tasks: 130 total,   2 running, 128 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  0.2 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.8 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem:   4031528 total,  3761740 used,   269788 free,   239624 buffers
KiB Swap:  1048572 total,   123324 used,   925248 free.  1713704 cached Mem

PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND
5271 rabbitmq  20   0 1110172  49220   3488 S   0.7  1.2 372:28.47 beam.smp
31885 root      20   0 2637048 528760  15892 S   0.3 13.1   1:13.81 java

查看系统RAM占用情况

ubuntu@jx-vm01:/data/cent/WEB-INF/log$ cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        4031528 kB
MemFree:          259292 kB
MemAvailable:    2188920 kB
Buffers:          237608 kB
Cached:          1697768 kB
SwapCached:        13248 kB
Active:          1987452 kB
Inactive:        1443712 kB
Active(anon):     876788 kB
Inactive(anon):   619204 kB
Active(file):    1110664 kB
Inactive(file):   824508 kB
Unevictable:           0 kB
Mlocked:               0 kB
SwapTotal:       1048572 kB
SwapFree:         925204 kB
Dirty:                64 kB
Writeback:             0 kB
AnonPages:       1484232 kB
Mapped:            32904 kB
Shmem:               204 kB
Slab:             267536 kB
SReclaimable:     247848 kB
SUnreclaim:        19688 kB
KernelStack:        6928 kB
PageTables:         9016 kB
NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
Bounce:                0 kB
WritebackTmp:          0 kB
CommitLimit:     3064336 kB
Committed_AS:    2103676 k
d815
B
VmallocTotal:   34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed:      288028 kB
VmallocChunk:   34359440836 kB
HardwareCorrupted:     0 kB
AnonHugePages:    856064 kB
HugePages_Total:       0
HugePages_Free:        0
HugePages_Rsvd:        0
HugePages_Surp:        0
Hugepagesize:       2048 kB
DirectMap4k:       83904 kB
DirectMap2M:     4093952 kB

atop 系统资源使用情况

ubuntu@jx-vm01:/data/cent/WEB-INF/log$ sudo atop

vmstat查看内存当前处理情况

ubuntu@jx-vm01:/data/cent/WEB-INF/log$ vmstat
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
0  0 123352 177360 239944 1771796    0    0     1    11    6    3  2  0 97  0  0

ubuntu@jx-vm01:/data/cent/WEB-INF/log$ vmstat -s
4031528 K total memory
3850296 K used memory
2001628 K active memory
1496856 K inactive memory
181232 K free memory
239944 K buffer memory
1771824 K swap cache
1048572 K total swap
123352 K used swap
925220 K free swap
14234783 non-nice user cpu ticks
44924 nice user cpu ticks
1666686 system cpu ticks
590005997 idle cpu ticks
44505 IO-wait cpu ticks
371 IRQ cpu ticks
45496 softirq cpu ticks
0 stolen cpu ticks
3511803 pages paged in
68839689 pages paged out
120024 pages swapped in
348354 pages swapped out
722060446 interrupts
1434611417 CPU context switches
1465787722 boot time
914106 forks

4、通过管道查看当前服务占用进程有哪些

查看tomcat的进程有哪些：
ubuntu@jx-vm01:/data/cent/WEB-INF/log$ ps -ef | grep tomcat
ubuntu   10567  8394  0 14:55 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
root     11487     1  0  7月15 ?      00:31:59 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/home/ubuntu/tomcat_sdmanager_5910/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/home/ubuntu/tomcat_sdmanager_5910/endorsed -classpath /home/ubuntu/tomcat_sdmanager_5910/bin/bootstrap.jar -Dcatalina.base=/home/ubuntu/tomcat_sdmanager_5910 -Dcatalina.home=/home/ubuntu/tomcat_sdmanager_5910 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/home/ubuntu/tomcat_sdmanager_5910/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start

5、迅速查看文本日志

当阅读文本或定位日志时打开如 log　文件，会希望能迅速阅读、定位。

以下命令方便不再逐行阅读。

[sms3 log]$ more my_druid.log

more命令方便翻页查看；空格键翻下一页,回车翻下一行。

$ head -10 running.log

head -n 文件名 查看此文件前n行。

$ tail -3 running.log
at oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CConnection.logoff(T4CConnection.java:574)
... 47 more
2016-07-27 17:22:03,215  INFO  [cn.qtone.xxt.cent.service.Impl.CentAccountInfoServiceImpl] (cn.qtone.xxt.cent.service.Impl.CentAccountInfoServiceImpl:229) - [ERROR]=== cent code is null, only create account!this is not an error!

tail -n 文件名 查看后几行。

$ tail -f running.log

动态展示刷新的日志信息。