Android提高之Android手机与BLE终端通信

最近穿戴设备发展得很火，把相关技术也带旺了，其中一项是BLE（Bluetooth Low Energy）。BLE是蓝牙4.0的核心Profile，主打功能是快速搜索，快速连接，超低功耗保持连接和传输数据，弱点是数据传输速率低，由于BLE的低功耗特点，因此普遍用于穿戴设备。Android 4.3才开始支持BLE API，所以请各位客官把本文代码运行在蓝牙4.0和Android 4.3及其以上的系统，另外本文所用的BLE终端是一个蓝牙4.0的串口蓝牙模块。

注：笔者的i9100刷了4.4系统后，竟然也能跟BLE蓝牙模块通信。

BLE分为三部分Service、Characteristic、Descriptor，这三部分都由UUID作为唯一标示符。一个蓝牙4.0的终端可以包含多个Service，一个Service可以包含多个Characteristic，一个Characteristic包含一个Value和多个Descriptor，一个Descriptor包含一个Value。一般来说，Characteristic是手机与BLE终端交换数据的关键，Characteristic有较多的跟权限相关的字段，例如PERMISSION和PROPERTY，而其中最常用的是PROPERTY，本文所用的BLE蓝牙模块竟然没有标准的Characteristic的PERMISSION。Characteristic的PROPERTY可以通过位运算符组合来设置读写属性，例如READ|WRITE、READ|WRITE_NO_RESPONSE|NOTIFY，因此读取PROPERTY后要分解成所用的组合（本文代码已含此分解方法）。

本文代码改自Android 4.3 Sample的BluetoothLeGatt，把冗余代码去掉，获取的BLE设备信息都通过Log，还有一些必要的读写蓝牙方法，应该算是简化到大家一看就可以懂了。本文完整代码可以点击此处本站下载。

接下来贴出本文运行的结果，首先是连接BLE设备后，枚举出设备所有Service、Characteristic、Descriptor，并且手机会往Characteristic uuid=0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb写入“send data->”字符串，BLE终端收到数据通过串口传到PC串口助手：

04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service type:PRIMARY

04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->includedServices size:0

04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service uuid:00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a00-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW

04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ

04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW

04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ

04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a02-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW

04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ|WRITE|

04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a03-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW

04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ|WRITE|

04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW

04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ

04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service type:PRIMARY

04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->includedServices size:0

04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service uuid:00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a05-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW

04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:INDICATE

04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc uuid:00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc permission:UNKNOW

04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service type:PRIMARY

04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->includedServices size:0

04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service uuid:0000ffe0-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW

04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ|WRITE_NO_RESPONSE|NOTIFY|

04-21 18:28:25.490: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc uuid:00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

04-21 18:28:25.490: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc permission:UNKNOW

04-21 18:28:25.490: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc uuid:00002901-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb

04-21 18:28:25.490: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc permission:UNKNOW

04-21 18:28:26.025: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharRead BLE DEVICE read 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> 00

这里红字是由BluetoothGattCallback的onCharacteristicRead()回调而打出Log



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以下Log是PC上的串口工具通过BLE模块发送过来，由BluetoothGattCallback的 onCharacteristicChanged（）打出Log

04-21 18:30:18.260: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone

04-21 18:30:18.745: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone

04-21 18:30:19.085: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone

04-21 18:30:19.350: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone

04-21 18:30:19.605: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone

04-21 18:30:19.835: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone

04-21 18:30:20.055: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone

04-21 18:30:20.320: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone

04-21 18:30:20.510: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone

04-21 18:30:20.735: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone

04-21 18:30:21.000: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone

接下来贴出本文核心代码：

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感兴趣的读者可以动手测试一下代码的运行情况，希望能对大家的Android项目开发有所帮助。

分享一个集成目前主流蓝牙的demo、android蓝牙4.0开发、项目中使用到了搜索BLE终端和读写BLE终端、另外还有在程序里面开房蓝牙、在Demo里面还处理了收到BLE终端数据交互的事件、代码里都有中文注释、要读性应该非常好的、应该会对开发有一定帮助、有兴趣的哥们可以下载看看



onCreate代码

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
getActionBar().setTitle(R.string.title_devices);
mHandler = new Handler();

// Use this check to determine whether BLE is supported on the device.  Then you can
// selectively disable BLE-related features.
if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
Toast.makeText(this, R.string.ble_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}

// Initializes a Bluetooth adapter.  For API level 18 and above, get a reference to
// BluetoothAdapter through BluetoothManager.
final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager =
(BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();

// Checks if Bluetooth is supported on the device.
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
Toast.makeText(this, R.string.error_bluetooth_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
return;
}
//开启蓝牙
mBluetoothAdapter.enable();

mBLE = new BluetoothLeClass(this);
if (!mBLE.initialize()) {
Log.e(TAG, "Unable to initialize Bluetooth");
finish();
}
//发现BLE终端的Service时回调
mBLE.setOnServiceDiscoverListener(mOnServiceDiscover);
//收到BLE终端数据交互的事件
mBLE.setOnDataAvailableListener(mOnDataAvailable);
}

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收到BLE终端数据交互的事件

/**
* 收到BLE终端数据交互的事件
*/
private BluetoothLeClass.OnDataAvailableListener mOnDataAvailable = new OnDataAvailableListener(){

/**
* BLE终端数据被读的事件
*/
@Override
public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS)
Log.e(TAG,"onCharRead " gatt.getDevice().getName()
" read "
characteristic.getUuid().toString()
" -> "
Utils.bytesToHexString(characteristic.getValue()));
}

/**
* 收到BLE终端写入数据回调
*/
@Override
public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
Log.e(TAG,"onCharWrite " gatt.getDevice().getName()
" write "
characteristic.getUuid().toString()
" -> "
new String(characteristic.getValue()));
}
};

最后给贴上Demo的源代码、希望对大家有用、有兴趣的哥们可以下载看看