Ubuntu下编译安装OpenCV 2.4.7并读取摄像头[转]

主要参考：

1、http://www.ozbotz.org/opencv-installation/

2、http://www.ozbotz.org/opencv-install-troubleshooting/

开发环境：VMware下Ubuntu+OpenCV2.4.7

安装过程：

The Installation Procedure

To install and configure OpenCV 2.4.1, complete the following steps. The commands shown in each step can be copy and pasted directly into a Linux command line.

Remove any installed versions of ffmpeg and x264.


Get all the dependencies for x264 and ffmpeg.


Download and install gstreamer.


Download and install gtk.


Download and install libjpeg.


Create a directory to hold source code.


Download and install install x264.Download a recent stable snapshot of x264 from ftp://ftp.videolan.org/pub/videolan/x264/snapshots/. The exact version does not seem to matter. To write this guide, I used version x264-snapshot-20120528-2245-stable.tar.bz2, but I have used previous versions too.

Configure and build the x264 libraries.
IMPORTANT: If you are running a 64-bit version of Ubuntu, you must configure x264 as shown in the following command:

The -shared and -pic options might also be required when you compile for some other architectures, such as ARM. You know you need these options if you get the following error when compiling OpenCV:



Download and install install ffmpeg.Download ffmpeg version 0.11.1 from http://ffmpeg.org/download.html.

Configure and build ffmpeg.
IMPORTANT: Just like with x264 in the previous step, you must configure ffmpeg with the -shared and -pic options if you are running a 64-bit version of Ubuntu or some other architectures, such as ARM.



Download and install install a recent version of v4l (video for linux) from http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/v4l-utils/. For this guide I used version 0.8.8.


Download and install install OpenCV 2.4.2.Download OpenCV version 2.4.2 from http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/files/

Create a new build directory and run cmake:

Verify that the output of cmake includes the following text:found gstreamer-base-0.10
GTK+ 2.x: YES
FFMPEG: YES
GStreamer: YES
V4L/V4L2: Using libv4l

Build and install OpenCV.


Configure Linux.Tell linux where the shared libraries for OpenCV are located by entering the following shell command:
Add the command to your .bashrc file so that you don’t have to enter every time your start a new terminal. （注：我主要采用将export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib加入.bashrc file的方法，.bashrc file为隐藏文件，在主用户目录下，可用shell命令：ls -al查看）

Alternatively, you can configure the system wide library search path. Using your favorite editor, add a single line containing the text

/usr/local/lib

to the end of a file named

/etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf

. In the standard Ubuntu install, the opencv.conf file does not exist; you need to create it. Using vi, for example, enter the following commands:

After editing the opencv.conf file, enter the following command:

.

Using your favorite editor, add the following two lines to the end of /etc/bash.bashrc:


After completing the previous steps, your system should be ready to compile code that uses the OpenCV libraries. The following example shows one way to compile code for OpenCV(这里最好先进行重启):



以上按照过程中，可能会遇到其他问题，许多都可参考《OpenCV Installation Troubleshooting Guide》,里面有详细的问题描述及解答，非常清楚。

最后g++编译的代码main.cpp如下：

#include <cv.h> #include <opencv/highgui.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<opencv2/opencv.hpp> using namespace cv;  int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {       CvCapture* pCapture = cvCreateCameraCapture(0);       cvNamedWindow("Video", 1);        while(1)       {           IplImage* pFrame=cvQueryFrame( pCapture );           if(!pFrame)break;           cvShowImage("Video",pFrame);           char c=cvWaitKey(33);           if(c==27)break;       }       cvReleaseCapture(&pCapture);       cvDestroyWindow("Video");       return 0; }

读取摄像头结果如下图：

More Information

If you encounter problems installing OpenCV, see the companion guide, “A Comprehensive OpenCV Installation Troubleshooting Guide.”
Utkarsh Sinha runs AiShack, a site that has easy-to-understand tutorials using OpenCV to solve real-world problems: http://www.aishack.in/topics/tutorials/
Sebastian Montabone has several articles on installing OpenCV and image processing. His web site is http://www.samontab.com/
FakeOutdoorsman’s posted an excellent dependency install guide, which is located on the Ubuntu forums: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=786095