Linux基础网络设置
2016-07-08 09:26
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原文地址:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-06/132393.htm
查看Linux网络参数
ifconfig—-查看网络接口> [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:33:4A:0C inet addr:192.168.4.115 Bcast:192.168.4.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe33:4a0c/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:8133 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:5861 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:818322 (799.1 KiB) TX bytes:835205 (815.6 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:946 (946.0 b) TX bytes:946 (946.0 b)
hostname—-查看主机名
[root@localhost ~]# hostname localhost
route—-查看路由表
[root@localhost ~]# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.4.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth1 default localhost 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1
netstat—查看网络连接情况
-a 所有, -n 数字, -r路由表,-l监听,-t TCP, -u UDP, -p 进程号
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -antput Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:875 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2262/rpc.rquotad tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1963/rpcbind tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:33073 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40337 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2266/rpc.mountd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:53586 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2010/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2345/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2084/cupsd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2590/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:35161 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2266/rpc.mountd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2049 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:42759 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2266/rpc.mountd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3041/mysqld tcp 0 756 192.168.4.115:22 192.168.4.105:52347 ESTABLISHED 2788/sshd tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1963/rpcbind tcp 0 0 :::53461 :::* LISTEN 2266/rpc.mountd tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 2345/sshd tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 2084/cupsd tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2590/master tcp 0 0 :::60442 :::* LISTEN 2266/rpc.mountd
Ping —-测试连通性
[root@localhost ~]# ping www.baidu.com PING www.a.shifen.com (123.125.65.78) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 123.125.65.78: icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=141 ms 64 bytes from 123.125.65.78: icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=18.9 ms 64 bytes from 123.125.65.78: icmp_seq=3 ttl=56 time=17.3 ms 64 bytes from 123.125.65.78: icmp_seq=4 ttl=56 time=19.9 ms
Nslookup—-测试DNS域名解析
[root@localhost ~]# nslookup > www.baidu.com Server: 192.168.1.1 Address: 192.168.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: www.baidu.com canonical name = www.a.shifen.com. Name: www.a.shifen.com Address: 123.125.65.78 Name: www.a.shifen.com Address: 123.125.65.82
Traceroute—路由跟踪
[root@localhost ~]# traceroute www.baidu.com traceroute to www.baidu.com (119.75.218.70), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 192.168.40.1 (192.168.40.1) 1.223 ms 3.555 ms 4.307 ms 2 117.100.128.1 (117.100.128.1) 8.126 ms 8.927 ms 8.623 ms 3 124.205.97.48 (124.205.97.48) 8.430 ms 8.248 ms 8.100 ms 4 219.239.249.25 (219.239.249.25) 7.906 ms 7.953 ms 7.887 ms 5 14.197.177.9 (14.197.177.9) 7.874 ms 14.197.178.45 (14.197.178.45) 7.672 ms 14.197.178.41 (14.197.178.41) 7.485 ms 6 14.197.253.49 (14.197.253.49) 11.445 ms * *
配置linux网络参数
一. 临时配置:一般用命令来配置,马上生效,重启无效修改网卡的地址,状态 ifconfig 网络接口名称 IP地址 netmask 子网掩码
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth1 192.168.40.20 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig 网络接口名称 ip地址/子网掩码长度
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth1 192.168.40.20/32
ifconfig eth0 down/up 或者 ifdown/up eth0 或者service network
restart
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth1 down [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth1 up [root@localhost ~]# ifdown eth1 [root@localhost ~]# ifup eth1 [root@localhost ~]# service network restart
ifconfig eth0:0 10.1.1.1 设置启动后生效 复制eth0的配置文件给eth0:0,并进行配置
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth1:0 10.1.1.1
添加静态路由:Route add –net ip地址/掩码 gw 下一跳地址
[root@localhost ~]# route add -net 192.148.40.0/32 gw 192.148.40.1
删除路由:route del –net 目标网段/掩码
[root@localhost ~]# route del -net 192.148.40.0/32
添加默认网关:route add default gw ip地址 删除默认网关:route del default gw ip地址
[root@localhost ~]# route add default gw 192.168.4.1 [root@localhost ~]# route del default gw 192.168.4.1
Hostname 新主机名 修改后可输入bash调用新的Shell查看,或者exit注销后重新登录
[root@localhost ~]# hostname linuxidc [root@localhost ~]# bash [root@linuxidc ~]#
二. 固定配置:一般是更改配置文件,需要重启生效
网卡的配置文件:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ethX。设置ip地址、子网掩码、默认网关等。
DEVICE=eth0 #设备名字 ONBOOT=yes #是否随系统启动而启动 BOOTPROTO=static (dhcp) # 网络参数配置方式 IPADDR=192.168.4.1 #ip地址 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 # 子网掩码 GATEWAY=192.168.4.2 # 默认网关 DNS1=202.106.0.20 # DNS地址
主机名的配置文件:/etc/sysconfig/network
[root@linuxidc ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=localhost
DNS服务器配置文件:/etc/resolv.conf
[root@linuxidc ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf # Generated by NetworkManager nameserver 192.168.1.1 nameserver 192.168.4.1
ip与主机映射:/etc/hosts
[root@linuxidc ~]# vim /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
重启所有网卡:service network restart
[root@linuxidc ~]# service network restart
重启个别网卡:ifdown eth0 ifup eth0
[root@linuxidc ~]# ifdown eth1 [root@linuxidc ~]# ifup eth1
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