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从tcp原理角度理解Broken pipe和Connection reset by peer的区别

2016-07-08 09:05 716 查看
原文:  http://lovestblog.cn/2014/01/10/tcp_ip/tcp_broken_pipe/

以前我们经常会碰到Broken pipe或者Connection reset by peer之类的异常,但是tcp实现里什么情况下会抛出这些异常呢?

       在讲具体的原因之前,我们有必要补充下tcp这块的一些基础知识,我们都知道tcp通信有三次握手和四次挥手,网上介绍的文章也一大堆,图我也懒得画了,直接网上找一个图给大家



       三次握手是最前面的三条线表示的过程, 四次挥手是最后面的四条线表示的过程, 里面涉及到几个关键词,SYN,ACK,FIN,MSS,其中SYN是主要用在三次握手过程中的,FIN用在四次挥手过程中,ACK在三次握手和四次挥手过程中的作用就是对收到的SYN和FIN做一个确认,SYN,FIN等存在于TCP头里(tcp报文图也给大家弄了个图,不用再去找啦),0/1表示有无此标记,在tcp实现里后面还会跟一个依次递增的数字,比如上面的J,K等,确认就是递增这些数字(真正的数据报文的ack除外),MSS是表示每一个tcp报文里数据字段的最大长度,不包括tcp头的大小噢 

相信大家看到这两个图会对这些概念有了一个清晰的认识了



      介绍了基础原理之后,再介绍下抓包工具,tcpdump,这工具对你了解tcp的整个过程会非常有帮助,在你无法调试tcp实现的情况下这个工具自然也是必不可少的,具体用法网上有很多介绍,直接从man page上也可以看到详细的介绍,我也不多说啦,下面的截图就是tcpdump根据tcp通信过程获取到的


       这要稍微提下tcpdump的结果和上面的几个过程的对应关系, 前面三条其实就是我们上面所说的三次握手,四次握手过程上面没有完全表现出来,只完成了一半的挥手过程(5,8两条表示的), 里面有几个标识S,F,ack,P,其实还有个R,如果有这些标识那么在tcp头里的SYN,FIN,ACK,PSH,RET分别为1,其中PSH表示要求tcp立即将数据传递给上层,不要做别的什么处理,RET这个表示重置连接,也是和我们今天讨论的问题有很大关系的FLAG,下面会详细介绍

      RST的标志位,这个标识为在如下几种情况下会被设置,以下是我了解的情况,可能还有更多的场景,没有验证
当尝试和未开放的服务器端口建立tcp连接时 ,服务器tcp将会直接向客户端发送reset报文
双方之前已经正常建立了通信通道,也可能进行过了交互,当某一方在交互的过程中发生了异常,如崩溃等,异常的一方会向对端发送reset报文,通知对方将连接关闭
当收到TCP报文,但是发现该报文不是已建立的TCP连接列表可处理的,则其直接向对端发送reset报文
ack报文丢失,并且超出一定的重传次数或时间后,会主动向对端发送reset报文释放该TCP连接

     做了这么些铺垫之后下面进入正题,那么Broken pipe或者Connection reset by peer分别代表什么意思呢,下面从glibc的源码里有对此的介绍





       其实我们java异常里看到的Broken pipe或者Connection reset by peer信息不是jdk或者jvm里定义的,我看到这些关键字往往会首先搜索下jdk或者hotspot源码找到位置进行上下文分析,但是这次没找到,后面才想到应该是linux或者glibc里定义的,果然在glibc离看到了如上的描述和定义

       对于Broken pipe在管道的另外一端没有进程再读的时候就会抛出此异常,Connection reset by peer的描述其实不是很正确,从我的实践来看只描述了一方面,其实在某一端正常close之后,也是可能会有此异常的。

       从我的测试场景是这样的, 共同的前提是客户端向服务端发了数据之后立马调用close关闭socket并进程退出,而服务端在收到客户端的数据之后sleep一会,保证对方的socket已经关闭,接着分别进行两种场景测试
服务端往socket里写一次数据,返回继续做select
服务端连续写两次数据,必须保证两次的buffer都是有数据的,也就是保证ByteBuffer的pos和limit要不是一个值

结果:
会抛出Connection reset by peer


会抛出Broken pipe 



分析:
当我们往一个对端已经close的通道写数据的时候,对方的tcp会收到这个报文,并且反馈一个reset报文,tcpdump的结果如下所示,当收到reset报文的时候,继续做select读数据的时候就会抛出Connect reset by peer的异常,从堆栈可以看得出


当第一次往一个对端已经close的通道写数据的时候会和上面的情况一样,会收到reset报文,当再次往这个socket写数据的时候,就会抛出Broken pipe了 ,根据tcp的约定,当收到reset包的时候,上层必须要做出处理,调用将socket文件描述符进行关闭,其实也意味着pipe会关闭,因此会抛出这个顾名思义的异常

常出现的Connection reset by peer: 原因可能是多方面的,不过更常见的原因是:①:服务器的并发连接数超过了其承载量,服务器会将其中一些连接Down掉;②:客户关掉了浏览器,而服务器还在给客户端发送数据;③:浏览器端按了Stop
[10054] Connection reset by peer

Connection reset by peer is a tough one because it can be caused by so many things. In all cases, the server determines that the socket is no longer good and closes it from its side.

Read Error

Scenario: Mary couldn't make out what Joe was saying anymore, so she hung up rather than lose his messages (data). 

A read error occurs when a server cannot successfully read from a user's client. Servers gather information from the client by text, setup, and other items.When the server receives an error when reading from a client, it then disconnects the user, resulting
in a read error quit message.

Write Error 

Scenario: Mary was trying to talk to Joe but didn't think she was getting through, so she hung rather than lose his messages (data). 

A write error occurs when a server cannot successfully write to a user's client. When the server receives information, it usually responds with information of its own. When the server receives an error when writing to a client, it then disconnects the user,
resulting in a write error quit message similar to the read error format.

Ping Timeout Error 

Scenario: Mary, having been raised in a household with too many kids and always craving attention, keeps asking to make sure that Joe is still on the line and listening. If he doesn't reply fast enough to suit her, she hangs up. 

Servers automatically ping users at a preset time. The reason for this is to ensure the client is still connected to the server. When you see "PING? PONG!" results in your status window, it means the server has pinged your client, and it has responded back
with a pong to ensure the server that you are still connected. When this does not happen and you disconnect without the server's knowledge, the server will automatically disconnect the user when it does not receive a response, resulting in a ping timeout.
Ping timeouts occur to EVERYONE.

Broken pipe Error 

Scenario: Mary had picked up a sticky note with a message she needed to relay to Joe, but somehow between her hand and her mouth, the message got misplaced. Mary was trying to talk to Joe but didn't think she was getting through, so she hung up rather than
lose his messages (data). 

A broken pipe error occurs when the server knows it has a message but can't seem to use its internal data link to get the data out to the socket.

Miscellaneous 

Scenario: Lots of other reasons; perhaps the operator broke in and gave Mary a message that made her doubt the validity of the call so she hung up.
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