OpenCV_(2):常用数据结构和函数

Point2f p(6,2); //二维点
Point3f p3f(8,2,0); //三维点
vector<float> v;
vector<Point2f> Points(20);

Point：二维点，三维点等
Scalar：颜色的表示，RGBA四个元素
Size：尺寸的表示，宽和高
Rect：矩形的表示,(x,y,width,height)

颜色空间转换：cvtColor()函数
防止内存溢出的函数：alignPtr、alignSize、allocate、deallocate、fastMalloc、fastFree等
RNG()函数的作用为初始化随机数的生成器
<math.h>里很多函数不错：
计算向量角度的函数fastAtan2
计算立方根的函数cubeRoot
向上取整函数cvCeil
向下取整函数cvFloor
四舍五入函数cvRound
判断自变量是否无穷大cvIsInf
判断自变量是否不是一个数cvIsNaN

DrawEllipse()  //绘制椭圆
DrawFilledCircle() //绘制实心圆
DrawPolygon()  //绘制凹多边形
DrawLine()  //绘制线

//---------------------------------【头文件、命名空间包含部分】-----
//          描述：包含程序所使用的头文件和命名空间
//-------------------------------------------------------------
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
using namespace cv;

//此程序对于OpenCV3版需要额外包含头文件：
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>

//-----------------------------------【宏定义部分】--------------
//      描述：定义一些辅助宏
//-------------------------------------------------------------
#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【绘制图1】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【绘制图2】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600//定义窗口大小的宏

//--------------------------------【全局函数声明部分】------------
//      描述：全局函数声明
//-------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawEllipse( Mat img, double angle );//绘制椭圆
void DrawFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center );//绘制圆
void DrawPolygon( Mat img );//绘制多边形
void DrawLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end );//绘制线段

//-----------------------------------【ShowHelpText( )函数】----
//          描述：输出一些帮助信息
//-------------------------------------------------------------
void ShowHelpText()
{
//输出欢迎信息和OpenCV版本
printf("\n\n\t\t\t非常感谢购买《OpenCV3编程入门》一书！\n");
printf("\n\n\t\t\t此为本书OpenCV3版的第20个配套示例程序\n");
printf("\n\n\t\t\t   当前使用的OpenCV版本为：" CV_VERSION );
printf("\n\n  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
}

//---------------------------------------【main( )函数】--------
//      描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行
//-------------------------------------------------------------
int main( void )
{

// 创建空白的Mat图像
Mat atomImage = Mat::zeros( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3 );
Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3 );

ShowHelpText();
// ---------------------<1>绘制化学中的原子示例图--------------

//【1.1】先绘制出椭圆
DrawEllipse( atomImage, 90 );
DrawEllipse( atomImage, 0 );
DrawEllipse( atomImage, 45 );
DrawEllipse( atomImage, -45 );

//【1.2】再绘制圆心
DrawFilledCircle( atomImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH/2) );

// ----------------------------<2>绘制组合图-----------------
//【2.1】先绘制出椭圆
DrawPolygon( rookImage );

// 【2.2】绘制矩形
rectangle( rookImage,
Point( 0, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ),
Point( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH),
Scalar( 0, 255, 255 ),
-1,
8 );

// 【2.3】绘制一些线段
DrawLine( rookImage, Point( 0, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ) );
DrawLine( rookImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );
DrawLine( rookImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );
DrawLine( rookImage, Point( 3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( 3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );

// ---------------------------<3>显示绘制出的图像-------------
imshow( WINDOW_NAME1, atomImage );
moveWindow( WINDOW_NAME1, 0, 200 );
imshow( WINDOW_NAME2, rookImage );
moveWindow( WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_WIDTH, 200 );

waitKey( 0 );
return(0);
}

//-------------------------------【DrawEllipse( )函数】---------
//      描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了绘制不同角度、相同尺寸的椭圆
//-------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawEllipse( Mat img, double angle )
{
int thickness = 2;
int lineType = 8;

ellipse( img,
Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH/2 ),
Size( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ),
angle,
0,
360,
Scalar( 255, 129, 0 ),
thickness,
lineType );
}

//-----------------------------------【DrawFilledCircle( )函数】---------------------------
//      描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了实心圆的绘制
//-------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center )
{
int thickness = -1;
int lineType = 8;

circle( img,
center,
WINDOW_WIDTH/32,
Scalar( 0, 0, 255 ),
thickness,
lineType );
}

//-----------------------------------【DrawPolygon( )函数】-----
//      描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了凹多边形的绘制
//-------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawPolygon( Mat img )
{
int lineType = 8;

//创建一些点
Point rookPoints[1][20];
rookPoints[0][0]  = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
rookPoints[0][1]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
rookPoints[0][2]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,  13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );
rookPoints[0][3]  = Point( 11*WINDOW_WIDTH/16, 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );
rookPoints[0][4]  = Point( 19*WINDOW_WIDTH/32,  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
rookPoints[0][5]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
rookPoints[0][6]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,     WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
rookPoints[0][7]  = Point( 26*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
rookPoints[0][8]  = Point( 26*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
rookPoints[0][9]  = Point( 22*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
rookPoints[0][10] = Point( 22*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
rookPoints[0][11] = Point( 18*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
rookPoints[0][12] = Point( 18*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
rookPoints[0][13] = Point( 14*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
rookPoints[0][14] = Point( 14*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
rookPoints[0][15] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,     WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
rookPoints[0][16] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
rookPoints[0][17] = Point( 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/32,  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
rookPoints[0][18] = Point(  5*WINDOW_WIDTH/16, 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );
rookPoints[0][19] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,  13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );

const Point* ppt[1] = { rookPoints[0] };
int npt[] = { 20 };

fillPoly( img,
ppt,
npt,
1,
Scalar( 255, 255, 255 ),
lineType );
}

//-----------------------------------【DrawLine( )函数】--------
//      描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了线的绘制
//-------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end )
{
int thickness = 2;
int lineType = 8;
line( img,
start,
end,
Scalar( 0, 0, 0 ),
thickness,
lineType );
}