15个mysql使用管理命令

15个MySQL使用管理命令
In all the 15 mysqladmin command-line examples below, tmppassword is used as the MySQL root user password. Please change this to your MySQL root password.
1. How to change the MySQL root user password?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword password 'newpassword'

# mysql -u root -pnewpassword
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.1.25-rc-community MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the buffer.

mysql>
2. How to check whether MySQL Server is up and running?
# mysqladmin -u root -p ping
Enter password:
mysqld is alive
3. How do I find out what version of MySQL I am running?
Apart from giving the ‘Server version’, this command also displays the current status of the mysql server.
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword version
mysqladmin Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.1.25-rc, for redhat-linux-gnu on i686
Copyright (C) 2000-2006 MySQL AB
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,
and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL license

Server version 5.1.25-rc-community
Protocol version 10
Connection Localhost via UNIX socket
UNIX socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime: 107 days 6 hours 11 min 44 sec

Threads: 1 Questions: 231976 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 17067
Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 64 Queries per second avg: 0.25
4. What is the current status of MySQL server?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword status
Uptime: 9267148
Threads: 1 Questions: 231977 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 17067
Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 64 Queries per second avg: 0.25
The status command displays the following information:
Uptime: Uptime of the mysql server in seconds
Threads: Total number of clients connected to the server.
Questions: Total number of queries the server has executed since the startup.
Slow queries: Total number of queries whose execution time waas more than long_query_time variable’s value.
Opens: Total number of tables opened by the server.
Flush tables: How many times the tables were flushed.
Open tables: Total number of open tables in the database.
5. How to view all the MySQL Server status variable and it’s current value?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword extended-status
+-----------------------------------+-----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------------------+-----------+
| Aborted_clients | 579 |
| Aborted_connects | 8 |
| Binlog_cache_disk_use | 0 |
| Binlog_cache_use | 0 |
| Bytes_received | 41387238 |
| Bytes_sent | 308401407 |
| Com_admin_commands | 3524 |
| Com_assign_to_keycache | 0 |
| Com_alter_db | 0 |
| Com_alter_db_upgrade | 0 |
6. How to display all MySQL server system variables and the values?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword variables
+---------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| auto_increment_increment | 1 |
| basedir | / |
| big_tables | OFF |
| binlog_format | MIXED |
| bulk_insert_buffer_size | 8388608 |
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |

skip.....

| time_format | %H:%i:%s |
| time_zone | SYSTEM |
| timed_mutexes | OFF |
| tmpdir | /tmp |
| tx_isolation | REPEATABLE-READ |
| unique_checks | ON |
| updatable_views_with_limit | YES |
| version | 5.1.25-rc-community |
| version_comment | MySQL Community Server (GPL) |
| version_compile_machine | i686 |
| version_compile_os | redhat-linux-gnu |
| wait_timeout | 28800 |
+---------------------------------+---------------------------------+
7. How to display all the running process/queries in the mysql database?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword processlist
+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| 20 | root | localhost | | Sleep | 36 | | |
| 23 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist |
+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
You can use this command effectively to debug any performance issue and identify the query that is causing problems, by running the command automatically every 1 second as shown below.
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword -i 1 processlist
+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| 20 | root | localhost | | Sleep | 36 | | |
| 23 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist |
+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+

+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| 24 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist |
+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
8. How to create a MySQL Database?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword create testdb

# mysql -u root -ptmppassword
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 705
Server version: 5.1.25-rc-community MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| sugarcrm |
| testdb |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Note: To display all tables in a database, total number of columns, row, column types, indexes etc., use the mysqlshow command that we discussed in our previous articles.
9. How to Delete/Drop an existing MySQL database?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword drop testdb
Dropping the database is potentially a very bad thing to do.
Any data stored in the database will be destroyed.

Do you really want to drop the 'testdb' database [y/N] y
Database “testdb” dropped

# mysql -u root -ptmppassword
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 707
Server version: 5.1.25-rc-community MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Type ‘help;’ or ‘/h’ for help. Type ‘/c’ to clear the buffer.

mysql> show databases;
+——————–+
| Database |
+——————–+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| sugarcrm |
+——————–+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
10. How to reload/refresh the privilege or the grants tables?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword reload;
Refresh command will flush all the tables and close/open log files.
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword refresh
11. What is the safe method to shutdown the MySQL server?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword shutdown

# mysql -u root -ptmppassword
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server
through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'
Note: You can also use “/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stop” to shutdown the server. To start the server, execute “/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start”
12. List of all mysqladmin flush commands.
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword flush-hosts
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword flush-logs
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword flush-privileges
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword flush-status
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword flush-tables
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword flush-threads
flush-hosts: Flush all information in the host cache.
flush-privileges: Reload the grant tables (same as reload).
flush-status: Clear status variables.
flush-threads: Flush the thread cache.
13. How to kill a hanging MySQL Client Process?
First identify the hanging MySQL client process using the processlist command.
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword processlist
+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| 20 | root | localhost | | Sleep | 64 | | |
| 24 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist |
+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
Now, use the kill command and pass the process_id as shown below. To kill multiple process you can pass comma separated process id’s.
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword kill 20

# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword processlist
+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| 26 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist |
+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
14. How to start and stop MySQL replication on a slave server?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword stop-slave
Slave stopped

# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword start-slave
mysqladmin: Error starting slave: The server is not configured as slave;
fix in config file or with CHANGE MASTER TO
15. How to combine multiple mysqladmin commands together?
In the example below, you can combine process-list, status and version command to get all the output together as shown below.
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword process status version
+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| 43 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist |
+----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+

Uptime: 3135
Threads: 1 Questions: 80 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 15 Flush tables: 3
Open tables: 0 Queries per second avg: 0.25

mysqladmin Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.1.25-rc, for redhat-linux-gnu on i686
Copyright (C) 2000-2006 MySQL AB
This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,
and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL license

Server version 5.1.25-rc-community
Protocol version 10
Connection Localhost via UNIX socket
UNIX socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime: 52 min 15 sec
You can also use the short form as shown below:
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword pro stat ver
Use the option -h, to connect to a remote MySQL server and execute the mysqladmin commands as shown below.
# mysqladmin -h 192.168.1.112 -u root -ptmppassword pro stat ver