3、kvm虚拟机日常管理与配置

KVM虚拟机的管理主要是通过virsh命令对虚拟机进行管理。

1. 查看KVM虚拟机配置文件及运行状态

(1) KVM虚拟机默认配置文件位置: /etc/libvirt/qemu/autostart目录是配置kvm虚拟机开机自启动目录。


(2) virsh命令帮助# virsh -help或直接virsh命令和，再执行子命令。如下所示。# virsh
欢迎使用 virsh，虚拟化的交互式终端。 输入：'help' 来获得命令的帮助信息
'quit' 退出 virsh # help
……(3) 查看kvm虚拟机状态# virsh list --all

2. KVM虚拟机开机

# virsh start kvm008

3. KVM虚拟机关机或断电

(1) 关机默认情况下virsh工具不能对linux虚拟机进行关机操作，linux操作系统需要开启与启动acpid服务。在安装KVM linux虚拟机之前必须配置此服务。# chkconfig acpid on
# service acpid restart virsh关机# virsh shutdown kvm008

(2) 强制关闭电源# virsh destroy kvm08

4. 通过配置文件启动虚拟机

# virsh create /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm008.xml

5. 配置开机自启动虚拟机

# virsh autostart kvm008

autostart目录是kvm虚拟机开机自启动目录，可以看到该目录中有KVM配置文件链接。

6. 导出KVM虚拟机配置文件

虚拟机要关机 不然会操作 失败哦~ # virsh dumpxml /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm008 > /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm.xml

KVM虚拟机配置文件可以通过这种方式进行备份。

7. 添加与删除KVM虚拟机

(1) 删除kvm虚拟机# virsh undefine kvm008说明：该命令只是删除 kvm008的配置文件，并不删除虚拟磁盘文件。如下图所示。

(2) 重新定义虚拟机配置文件通过导出备份的配置文件恢复原KVM虚拟机的定义，并重新定义虚拟机。# mv /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm.xml /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm008.xml # virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm008.xml

8. 编辑KVM虚拟机配置文件

# virsh edit kvm08 virsh edit将调用vi命令编辑/etc/libvirt/qemu/kvm08.xml配置文件。也可以直接通过vi命令进行编辑，修改，保存。可以但不建议直接通过vi编辑。

9. virsh console 控制台管理linux虚拟机

虚拟机要开机 才可以# virsh console kvm08

10. 其它virsh命令

(1) 挂起服务器# virsh suspend kvm08

(2) 恢复服务器# virsh resume kvm08

virsh命令丰富。可以执行各种维护任务，本文只是从维护与管理的角度例举了常用的命令，为该命令的使用提供一个思路。 virsh 命令：virsh # helpGrouped commands: Domain Management (help keyword 'domain'): attach-device 从一个XML文件附加装置 attach-disk 附加磁盘设备 attach-interface 获得网络界面 autostart 自动开始一个域 blkdeviotune Set or query a block device I/O tuning parameters. blkiotune Get or set blkio parameters blockcommit Start a block commit operation. blockcopy Start a block copy operation. blockjob Manage active block operations blockpull Populate a disk from its backing image. blockresize Resize block device of domain. change-media Change media of CD or floppy drive console 连接到客户会话 cpu-baseline compute baseline CPU cpu-compare compare host CPU with a CPU described by an XML file cpu-stats show domain cpu statistics create 从一个 XML 文件创建一个域 define 从一个 XML 文件定义（但不开始）一个域 desc show or set domain's description or title destroy destroy (stop) a domain detach-device 从一个 XML 文件分离设备 detach-disk 分离磁盘设备 detach-interface 分离网络界面 domdisplay domain display connection URI domhostname print the domain's hostname domid 把一个域名或 UUID 转换为域 id domif-setlink set link state of a virtual interface domiftune get/set parameters of a virtual interface domjobabort abort active domain job domjobinfo domain job information domname 将域 id 或 UUID 转换为域名 dompmsuspend suspend a domain gracefully using power management functions dompmwakeup wakeup a domain from pmsuspended state domuuid 把一个域名或 id 转换为域 UUID domxml-from-native Convert native config to domain XML domxml-to-native Convert domain XML to native config dump 把一个域的内核 dump 到一个文件中以方便分析 dumpxml XML 中的域信息 edit 编辑某个域的 XML 配置 inject-nmi Inject NMI to the guest send-key Send keycodes to the guest managedsave managed save of a domain state managedsave-remove Remove managed save of a domain maxvcpus connection vcpu maximum memtune Get or set memory parameters migrate 将域迁移到另一个主机中 migrate-setmaxdowntime set maximum tolerable downtime migrate-setspeed Set the maximum migration bandwidth migrate-getspeed Get the maximum migration bandwidth numatune Get or set numa parameters reboot 重新启动一个域 reset reset a domain restore 从一个存在一个文件中的状态恢复一个域 resume 重新恢复一个域 save 把一个域的状态保存到一个文件 save-image-define redefine the XML for a domain's saved state file save-image-dumpxml saved state domain information in XML save-image-edit edit XML for a domain's saved state file schedinfo 显示/设置日程安排变量 screenshot take a screenshot of a current domain console and store it into a file setmaxmem 改变最大内存限制值 setmem 改变内存的分配 setvcpus 改变虚拟 CPU 的号 shutdown 关闭一个域 start 开始一个（以前定义的）非活跃的域 suspend 挂起一个域 ttyconsole tty 控制台 undefine undefine a domain update-device update device from an XML file vcpucount domain vcpu counts vcpuinfo detailed domain vcpu information vcpupin control or query domain vcpu affinity emulatorpin control or query domain emulator affinity vncdisplay vnc 显示 Domain Monitoring (help keyword 'monitor'): domblkerror Show errors on block devices domblkinfo domain block device size information domblklist list all domain blocks domblkstat 获得域设备块状态 domcontrol domain control interface state domif-getlink get link state of a virtual interface domiflist list all domain virtual interfaces domifstat 获得域网络接口状态 dominfo 域信息 dommemstat get memory statistics for a domain domstate 域状态 list 列出域 Host and Hypervisor (help keyword 'host'): capabilities 性能 freecell NUMA可用内存 hostname 打印管理程序主机名 node-memory-tune Get or set node memory parameters nodecpustats Prints cpu stats of the node. nodeinfo 节点信息 nodememstats Prints memory stats of the node. nodesuspend suspend the host node for a given time duration qemu-attach QEMU Attach qemu-monitor-command QEMU Monitor Command qemu-agent-command QEMU Guest Agent Command sysinfo print the hypervisor sysinfo uri 打印管理程序典型的URI version 显示版本 Interface (help keyword 'interface'): iface-begin create a snapshot of current interfaces settings, which can be later committed (iface-commit) or restored (iface-rollback) iface-bridge create a bridge device and attach an existing network device to it iface-commit commit changes made since iface-begin and free restore point iface-define define (but don't start) a physical host interface from an XML file iface-destroy destroy a physical host interface (disable it / "if-down") iface-dumpxml interface information in XML iface-edit edit XML configuration for a physical host interface iface-list list physical host interfaces iface-mac convert an interface name to interface MAC address iface-name convert an interface MAC address to interface name iface-rollback rollback to previous saved configuration created via iface-begin iface-start start a physical host interface (enable it / "if-up") iface-unbridge undefine a bridge device after detaching its slave device iface-undefine undefine a physical host interface (remove it from configuration) Network Filter (help keyword 'filter'): nwfilter-define define or update a network filter from an XML file nwfilter-dumpxml network filter information in XML nwfilter-edit edit XML configuration for a network filter nwfilter-list list network filters nwfilter-undefine undefine a network filter Networking (help keyword 'network'): net-autostart 自动开始网络 net-create 从一个 XML 文件创建一个网络 net-define 从一个 XML 文件定义(但不开始)一个网络 net-destroy destroy (stop) a network net-dumpxml XML 中的网络信息 net-edit 为网络编辑 XML 配置 net-info network information net-list 列出网络 net-name 把一个网络UUID 转换为网络名 net-start 开始一个(以前定义的)不活跃的网络 net-undefine 取消定义一个非活跃的网络 net-update update parts of an existing network's configuration net-uuid 把一个网络名转换为网络UUID Node Device (help keyword 'nodedev'): nodedev-create create a device defined by an XML file on the node nodedev-destroy destroy (stop) a device on the node nodedev-detach detach node device from its device driver nodedev-dumpxml XML 中的节点设备详情 nodedev-list 这台主机中中的枚举设备 nodedev-reattach reattach node device to its device driver nodedev-reset 重置节点设备 Secret (help keyword 'secret'): secret-define define or modify a secret from an XML file secret-dumpxml secret attributes in XML secret-get-value Output a secret value secret-list list secrets secret-set-value set a secret value secret-undefine undefine a secret Snapshot (help keyword 'snapshot'): snapshot-create Create a snapshot from XML snapshot-create-as Create a snapshot from a set of args snapshot-current Get or set the current snapshot snapshot-delete Delete a domain snapshot snapshot-dumpxml Dump XML for a domain snapshot snapshot-edit edit XML for a snapshot snapshot-info snapshot information snapshot-list List snapshots for a domain snapshot-parent Get the name of the parent of a snapshot snapshot-revert Revert a domain to a snapshot Storage Pool (help keyword 'pool'): find-storage-pool-sources-as 找到潜在存储池源 find-storage-pool-sources 发现潜在存储池源 pool-autostart 自动启动某个池 pool-build 建立池 pool-create-as 从一组变量中创建一个池 pool-create 从一个 XML 文件中创建一个池 pool-define-as 在一组变量中定义池 pool-define 在一个 XML 文件中定义（但不启动）一个池 pool-delete 删除池 pool-destroy destroy (stop) a pool pool-dumpxml XML 中的池信息 pool-edit 为存储池编辑 XML 配置 pool-info 存储池信息 pool-list 列出池 pool-name 将池 UUID 转换为池名称 pool-refresh 刷新池 pool-start 启动一个（以前定义的）非活跃的池 pool-undefine 取消定义一个不活跃的池 pool-uuid 把一个池名称转换为池 UUID Storage Volume (help keyword 'volume'): vol-clone clone a volume. vol-create-as 从一组变量中创建卷 vol-create 从一个 XML 文件创建一个卷 vol-create-from create a vol, using another volume as input vol-delete 删除卷 vol-download download volume contents to a file vol-dumpxml XML 中的卷信息 vol-info 存储卷信息 vol-key returns the volume key for a given volume name or path vol-list 列出卷 vol-name returns the volume name for a given volume key or path vol-path returns the volume path for a given volume name or key vol-pool returns the storage pool for a given volume key or path vol-resize resize a vol vol-upload upload file contents to a volume vol-wipe wipe a vol Virsh itself (help keyword 'virsh'): cd change the current directory connect 连接（重新连接）到 hypervisor echo echo arguments exit 退出这个非交互式终端 help 打印帮助 pwd print the current directory quit 退出这个非交互式终端

本文出自 “小牛---xmlgrg” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://xmlgrg.blog.51cto.com/10467412/1792040