认识RPi

一、      实验目的和要求

1.    了解嵌入式板卡一般情况；

2.    熟悉pdDuino的供电等接线方式；

3.    复习Linux启动过程（操作系统课）；

4.    复习通过Linux获得硬件数据（操作系统课）；

5.    熟练掌握串口在PC上的使用；

6.    熟练掌握Linux的以太网和WiFi配置；

7.    熟练掌握Linux的SSH配置；

8.    熟练掌握PC上的SSH软件。

9.    掌握嵌入式板卡和PC建立文件共享的方式；

10.  寻找和安装交叉编译环境，理解交叉编译；

11.  熟悉嵌入式板卡的Linux下的编程环境；

12.  了解远程访问嵌入式板卡图形桌面的方式。

 

二、      实验内容和原理

1.    在PC上安装好USB串口驱动和串口终端软件；

2.    按照图纸要求，将USB串口线与pcDuino连接好，并连接好以太网（如果打算采用WiFi，可不连接以太 网）。如有条件，接上HDMI线和HDMI显示器；

3.    给pcDuino上电，记录启动过程的输出；

4.    从终端登陆pcDuino的Linux，配置网络和/或WiFi，从pcDuino和PC两端证明网络已连接；

5.    配置pcDuino的SSH，可尝试采用各种不同的认证方式；

6.    从PC通过SSH登陆pcDuino；

7.    看到多个不同端口的登陆（本机键盘/屏幕、串口和SSH），并运用Linux的write来互相通信。

8.    配置嵌入式板卡上的SAMBA客户端，使它能访问PC上共享的目录；

9.    尝试各种与嵌入式板卡传递文件的方式并做比较：

10.  通过SAMBA共享；

11.  通过NFS共享（选做）；

12.  通过sftp传递；

13.  通过串口XModem协议传递；

14.  通过Dropbox共享（选做）。

15.  选择和安装PC上的交叉编译环境；

16.  交叉编译C语言的浮点运算程序到pcDuino上去运行，证明所编译的程序是ARM的；

17.  尝试嵌入式板卡上的三个语言的开发环境：C/C++、Python和Java；

18.  尝试一种从PC远程访问嵌入式板卡图形桌面的方式：x-window（通过SSH）、RDP或VNC。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

三、      实验过程和数据记录

1.    安装USB串口欲动和串口终端软件

a.    实验使用的USb串口线芯片为PL2303，从官网下载Mac对应的驱动。

b.    安装串口程序minicom，使用命令brew install minicom安装，minicom –s命令打开串口程序

Figure 1 minicom启动界面
2.    画出你所实际实施的连接示意图；

                   

Figure 2 树莓派通过串口进行连接
3.    给出实际拍摄的板卡连接照片；

Figure 3 板卡连接照片
4.    给出所用的器材的列表；

a.    RaspberryPi B+

b.    MacOS

c.    DVI显示器

d.    无线路由器一台

e.    Micro-USB线

f.     USB-TTL串口线

g.    HDMI-DVI连接线

h.    USB键盘

i.     5V电源（充电宝）

5.    给出拷贝得到的树莓派启动时的输出文字，并逐行解释；

Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel. # 解压内核并且启动树莓派 [    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0xf00 # 树莓派启动CPU [    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu [    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct # 初始化cgroups子系统 [    0.000000] Linux version 3.18.7-v7+ (dc4@dc4-XPS13-9333) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140303 (prerelease) (crosstool-NG linaro-1.13.1+bzr2650 - Linaro GCC 2014.03) ) #755 SMP PREEMPT Thu Feb 12 17:20:48 GMT 2015 # Linux内核版本号，以及交叉编译的访问，用户名和工具链等信息 [    0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc075] revision 5 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d # CPU型号：ARMv7 [    0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache # 指令和cache类型 [    0.000000] Machine model: Raspberry Pi 2 Model B # 树莓派型号：2代B [    0.000000] cma: Reserved 8 MiB at 0x3a800000 [    0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writealloc # 数据cache策略为fetch on write [    0.000000] [bcm2709_smp_init_cpus] enter (8620->f3003010) [    0.000000] [bcm2709_smp_init_cpus] ncores=4 # CPU为4核 [    0.000000] PERCPU: Embedded 11 pages/cpu @ba05d000 s12864 r8192 d24000 u45056 [    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 239776 [    0.000000] Kernel command line: dma.dmachans=0x7f35 bcm2708_fb.fbwidth=592 bcm2708_fb.fbheight=448 bcm2709.boardrev=0xa21041 bcm2709.serial=0x3951248f smsc95xx.macaddr=B8:27:EB:51:24:8F bcm2708_fb.fbswap=1 bcm2709.disk_led_gpio=47 bcm2709.disk_led_active_low=0 sdhci-bcm2708.emmc_clock_freq=250000000 vc_mem.mem_base=0x3dc00000 vc_mem.mem_size=0x3f000000  dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 console=ttyAMA0,115200 console=tty1 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline rootwait # 内核启动的某些参数，包括CPU、内存以及各个终端 [    0.000000] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) [    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 7, 524288 bytes) [    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) # 内核进程、文件缓存哈洗表 [    0.000000] Memory: 940740K/966656K available (5785K kernel code, 377K rwdata, 1760K rodata, 396K init, 771K bss, 25916K reserved) # 占用内存报告 [    0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout: [    0.000000]     vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB) [    0.000000]     fixmap  : 0xffc00000 - 0xffe00000   (2048 kB) [    0.000000]     vmalloc : 0xbb800000 - 0xff000000   (1080 MB) [    0.000000]     lowmem  : 0x80000000 - 0xbb000000   ( 944 MB) [    0.000000]     module 4000 s : 0x7f000000 - 0x80000000   (  16 MB) [    0.000000]       .text : 0x80008000 - 0x80766748   (7546 kB) [    0.000000]       .init : 0x80767000 - 0x807ca000   ( 396 kB) [    0.000000]       .data : 0x807ca000 - 0x808287ec   ( 378 kB) [    0.000000]        .bss : 0x808287ec - 0x808e96d4   ( 772 kB) # 内段地址分配 [    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1 [    0.000000] Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation. [    0.000000] NR_IRQS:480 [    0.000000] Architected cp15 timer(s) running at 19.20MHz (virt). # ARM的cp15处理器，管理cache等 [    0.000015] sched_clock: 56 bits at 19MHz, resolution 52ns, wraps every 3579139424256ns [    0.000039] Switching to timer-based delay loop, resolution 52ns [    0.000340] Console: colour dummy device 80x30 [    0.001767] console [tty1] enabled [    0.001818] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 38.40 BogoMIPS (lpj=192000) [    0.001901] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301 [    0.002319] Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) [    0.002380] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) [    0.003661] Initializing cgroup subsys memory [    0.003747] Initializing cgroup subsys devices [    0.003806] Initializing cgroup subsys freezer [    0.003856] Initializing cgroup subsys net_cls [    0.003920] Initializing cgroup subsys blkio # 初始化cgroups子系统，内存以及块设备等 [    0.004033] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok [    0.004151] ftrace: allocating 19969 entries in 59 pages [    0.053552] CPU0: update cpu_capacity 1024 [    0.053633] CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 15, mpidr 80000f00 [    0.053670] [bcm2709_smp_prepare_cpus] enter [    0.053838] Setting up static identity map for 0x536c78 - 0x536cd0 [    0.113528] [bcm2709_boot_secondary] cpu:1 started (0) 17 [    0.113843] CPU1: Booted secondary processor [    0.113851] [bcm2709_secondary_init] enter cpu:1 [    0.113906] CPU1: update cpu_capacity 1024 [    0.113915] CPU1: thread -1, cpu 1, socket 15, mpidr 80000f01 [    0.133488] [bcm2709_boot_secondary] cpu:2 started (0) 18 [    0.133738] CPU2: Booted secondary processor [    0.133745] [bcm2709_secondary_init] enter cpu:2 [    0.133775] CPU2: update cpu_capacity 1024 [    0.133784] CPU2: thread -1, cpu 2, socket 15, mpidr 80000f02 [    0.153550] [bcm2709_boot_secondary] cpu:3 started (0) 16 [    0.153789] CPU3: Booted secondary processor [    0.153796] [bcm2709_secondary_init] enter cpu:3 [    0.153828] CPU3: update cpu_capacity 1024 [    0.153837] CPU3: thread -1, cpu 3, socket 15, mpidr 80000f03 [    0.153930] Brought up 4 CPUs [    0.154051] SMP: Total of 4 processors activated (153.60 BogoMIPS). [    0.154084] CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode. [    0.155091] devtmpfs: initialized [    0.178144] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 2 part 30 variant 7 rev 5 [    0.180314] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem [    0.183364] NET: Registered protocol family 16 [    0.188987] DMA: preallocated 4096 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations # DMA初始化 [    0.213342] cpuidle: using governor ladder [    0.243371] cpuidle: using governor menu [    0.243767] bcm2709.uart_clock = 3000000 [    0.246525] No ATAGs? [    0.246588] hw-breakpoint: found 5 (+1 reserved) breakpoint and 4 watchpoint registers. [    0.246643] hw-breakpoint: maximum watchpoint size is 8 bytes. [    0.246706] mailbox: Broadcom VideoCore Mailbox driver [    0.246836] bcm2708_vcio: mailbox at f300b880 [    0.247217] bcm_power: Broadcom power driver [    0.247261] bcm_power_open() -> 0 [    0.247287] bcm_power_request(0, 8) [    0.747990] bcm_mailbox_read -> 00000080, 0 [    0.748022] bcm_power_request -> 0 [    0.748178] Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver [    0.748340] dev:f1: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x3f201000 (irq = 83, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev3 [    1.266655] console [ttyAMA0] enabled # 串口终端ttyAMA0 [    1.336774] SCSI subsystem initialized # SCSI子系统 [    1.340793] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs [    1.346457] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub [    1.351917] usbcore: registered new device driver usb [    1.358863] Switched to clocksource arch_sys_counter [    1.393698] FS-Cache: Loaded [    1.396947] CacheFiles: Loaded [    1.412382] NET: Registered protocol family 2 [    1.418002] TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes) [    1.425254] TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes) [    1.431955] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192) [    1.438426] TCP: reno registered [    1.441708] UDP hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) [    1.447693] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 512 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) [    1.454446] NET: Registered protocol family 1 [    1.459296] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module. [    1.465237] RPC: Registered udp transport module. [    1.470025] RPC: Registered tcp transport module. [    1.474747] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module. [    1.482249] bcm2708_dma: DMA manager at f3007000 [    1.487063] vc-mem: phys_addr:0x00000000 mem_base=0x3dc00000 mem_size:0x3f000000(1008 MiB) [    1.497011] futex hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes) [    1.503477] audit: initializing netlink subsys (disabled) [    1.509001] audit: type=2000 audit(1.299:1): initialized [    1.530605] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.2 [    1.534920] Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes) [    1.544594] FS-Cache: Netfs 'nfs' registered for caching [    1.550974] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type [    1.556100] Key type id_resolver registered [    1.560326] Key type id_legacy registered [    1.565451] msgmni has been set to 1853 [    1.571057] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 252) [    1.578672] io scheduler noop registered [    1.582657] io scheduler deadline registered (default) [    1.588132] io scheduler cfq registered [    1.594657] BCM2708FB: allocated DMA memory fac00000 [    1.599719] BCM2708FB: allocated DMA channel 0 @ f3007000 [    1.611492] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 74x28 [    1.623887] bcm2708-dmaengine bcm2708-dmaengine: Load BCM2835 DMA engine driver [    1.635022] uart-pl011 dev:f1: no DMA platform data [    1.642231] vc-cma: Videocore CMA driver [    1.647872] vc-cma: vc_cma_base      = 0x00000000 [    1.654274] vc-cma: vc_cma_size      = 0x00000000 (0 MiB) [    1.661320] vc-cma: vc_cma_initial   = 0x00000000 (0 MiB) [    1.680229] brd: module loaded [    1.690979] loop: module loaded [    1.695996] vchiq: vchiq_init_state: slot_zero = 0xba800000, is_master = 0 [    1.706752] Loading iSCSI transport class v2.0-870. [    1.714236] usbcore: registered new interface driver smsc95xx [    1.721721] dwc_otg: version 3.00a 10-AUG-2012 (platform bus) [    1.929486] Core Release: 2.80a [    1.934234] Setting default values for core params [    1.940697] Finished setting default values for core params [    2.148293] Using Buffer DMA mode [    2.153233] Periodic Transfer Interrupt Enhancement - disabled [    2.160749] Multiprocessor Interrupt Enhancement - disabled [    2.167992] OTG VER PARAM: 0, OTG VER FLAG: 0 [    2.174057] Dedicated Tx FIFOs mode [    2.179588] WARN::dwc_otg_hcd_init:1047: FIQ DMA bounce buffers: virt = 0xbac14000 dma = 0xfac14000 len=9024 [    2.192805] FIQ FSM acceleration enabled for : [    2.192805] Non-periodic Split Transactions [    2.192805] Periodic Split Transactions [    2.192805] High-Speed Isochronous Endpoints [    2.216097] WARN::hcd_init_fiq:412: FIQ on core 1 at 0x803e4200 [    2.223755] WARN::hcd_init_fiq:413: FIQ ASM at 0x803e455c length 36 [    2.231744] WARN::hcd_init_fiq:438: MPHI regs_base at 0xbb806000 [    2.239521] dwc_otg bcm2708_usb: DWC OTG Controller [    2.246149] dwc_otg bcm2708_usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1 [    2.256752] dwc_otg bcm2708_usb: irq 32, io mem 0x00000000 [    2.264022] Init: Port Power? op_state=1 [    2.269656] Init: Power Port (0) [    2.274817] usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0002 [    2.284986] usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1 [    2.295678] usb usb1: Product: DWC OTG Controller [    2.302165] usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 3.18.7-v7+ dwc_otg_hcd [    2.309968] usb usb1: SerialNumber: bcm2708_usb [    2.317237] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found [    2.322850] hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected [    2.329467] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage [    2.337491] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice [    2.345556] bcm2835-cpufreq: min=600000 max=900000 [    2.352514] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver [    2.360555] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman [    2.366863] DMA channels allocated for the MMC driver [    2.408901] Load BCM2835 MMC driver [    2.416256] sdhci-pltfm: SDHCI platform and OF driver helper [    2.424491] ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs [    2.435913] hidraw: raw HID events driver (C) Jiri Kosina [    2.443444] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid [    2.451908] usbhid: USB HID core driver [    2.460977] TCP: cubic registered [    2.467145] Initializing XFRM netlink socket [    2.473284] NET: Registered protocol family 17 [    2.482951] Key type dns_resolver registered [    2.489444] Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler [    2.496811] registered taskstats version 1 [    2.502808] vc-sm: Videocore shared memory driver [    2.509144] [vc_sm_connected_init]: start [    2.515488] [vc_sm_connected_init]: end - returning 0 [    2.518839] mmc0: host does not support reading read-only switch, assuming write-enable [    2.523156] mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address aaaa [    2.523712] mmcblk0: mmc0:aaaa SU08G 7.40 GiB [    2.534894]  mmcblk0: p1 p2 [    2.551240] Indeed it is in host mode hprt0 = 00021501 [    2.577664] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): INFO: recovery required on readonly filesystem [    2.588922] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): write access will be enabled during recovery [    2.738998] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using dwc_otg [    2.747444] Indeed it is in host mode hprt0 = 00001101 [    2.949246] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0424, idProduct=9514 [    2.959557] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=0 [    2.971446] hub 1-1:1.0: USB hub found [    2.977247] hub 1-1:1.0: 5 ports detected [    3.258999] usb 1-1.1: new high-speed USB device number 3 using dwc_otg [    3.379227] usb 1-1.1: New USB device found, idVendor=0424, idProduct=ec00 [    3.390036] usb 1-1.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=0 [    3.404349] smsc95xx v1.0.4 [    3.472950] smsc95xx 1-1.1:1.0 eth0: register 'smsc95xx' at usb-bcm2708_usb-1.1, smsc95xx USB 2.0 Ethernet, b8:27:eb:51:24:8f [    4.061742] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): orphan cleanup on readonly fs [    4.070169] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): 5 orphan inodes deleted [    4.077539] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): recovery complete [    4.113104] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [    4.125163] VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) readonly on device 179:2. [    4.137120] devtmpfs: mounted [    4.142662] Freeing unused kernel memory: 396K (80767000 - 807ca000) [    5.176112] udevd[174]: starting version 175 [    7.436480] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): re-mounted. Opts: (null) [    7.680789] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): re-mounted. Opts: (null) øø Raspbian GNU/Linux 7 raspberrypi ttyAMA0   raspberrypi login: pi Password: Last login: Thu Nov 26 14:27:29 UTC 2015 on tty1 Linux raspberrypi 3.18.7-v7+ #755 SMP PREEMPT Thu Feb 12 17:20:48 GMT 2015 armv7l

 

6.    如何通过Linux获得硬件数据，截屏给出获得的硬件数据，如CPU型号、时钟频率、内存大小等；

可以通过cat /proc/cpinfo | grep name | cut –f2 –d: | uniq –c命令查看CPU型号

Figure 4  CPU info
 

                        可以使用cpufreq-into命令查看时钟频率

Figure 5 时钟频率信息
 

                        可以通过cat /proc/meminfo来查看树莓派内存大小

Figure 6 RAM info
                       

7.    给出你的网络配置参数，截屏给出从pcDuino和PC两端得到的网络已连接的证明；

Figure 7 ifconfig
Figure 8 路由器客户端列表
 

Figure 9 PC端ping树莓派端
 

Figure 10 树莓派端ping PC端
 

8.    给出你的SSH配置文件，并解释其中内容；

以下是SSH配置文件：

# This is the ssh client system-wide configuration file.  See # ssh_config(5) for more information.  This file provides defaults for # users, and the values can be changed in per-user configuration files # or on the command line.   # Configuration data is parsed as follows: #  1. command line options #  2. user-specific file #  3. system-wide file # Any configuration value is only changed the first time it is set. # Thus, host-specific definitions should be at the beginning of the # configuration file, and defaults at the end.   # 108a8 Site-wide defaults for some commonly used options.  For a comprehensive # list of available options, their meanings and defaults, please see the # ssh_config(5) man page.   Host *   # 声明只适用于与hostnames相匹配的主机。后面可以加通配符*，表示制定所有主机。 #   ForwardAgent no #   ForwardX11 no   # 如果设置为yes，那么自动通过一条安全通道以不可信模式来转发X11连接，但是并不设置shell变量DISPLAY。如果ForwardX11Trusted也设置为yes，那么连接以可信模式转发。 #   ForwardX11Trusted yes   # 与前一配置一同使用时，ForwardX11必须设置为yes。 #   RhostsRSAAuthentication no #   RSAAuthentication yes #   PasswordAuthentication yes #   HostbasedAuthentication no #   GSSAPIAuthentication no #   GSSAPIDelegateCredentials no #   GSSAPIKeyExchange no #   GSSAPITrustDNS no #   BatchMode no #   CheckHostIP yes  #设置为yes，那么出了用know_hosts文件中的主机名之外，还可以采用IP地址来识别远程系统。如果设置为no则只能使用主机名。 #   AddressFamily any #   ConnectTimeout 0 #   StrictHostKeyChecking ask  # 决定openSSH是否将主机密钥添加到用户的known_hosts文件中以及如何添加。设置为ask则表示在连接新系统时会询问是否添加主机密钥 #   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/identity #   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa #   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa #   Port 22   # 使openSSH通过22号端口与远程系统连接 #   Protocol 2,1 #   Cipher 3des #   Ciphers aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc #   MACs hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160 #   EscapeChar ~ #   Tunnel no #   TunnelDevice any:any #   PermitLocalCommand no #   VisualHostKey no #   ProxyCommand ssh -q -W %h:%p gateway.example.com     SendEnv LANG LC_*     HashKnownHosts yes   # 当设置为yes时，OpenSSH会将文件~/.ssh/know_hosts中的主机名和地址进行散列。当设置为no时，主机名与地址将以明文形式写入。     GSSAPIAuthentication yes     GSSAPIDelegateCredentials no

 

9.    存在多个登陆时，如何看到不同端口的登陆，给出截屏结果；

通过三个端口登录（本机外接显示屏、串口和SSH登录），我们可以通过命令w来显示多端口登录的信息。

  Figure 11 两个端口的登录信息
   Figure 12 三个端口同时登录照片
 

我们可以使用write命令来完成不同端口之间的通信：

  Figure 13 不同端口通过write命令通信
 

10.  给出嵌入式板卡上的SAMBA配置文件内容，并逐行解释；

以下是SAMBA配置文件内容：

# # Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux. # # # This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the # smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed # here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which # are not shown in this example # # Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as # commented-out examples in this file. #  - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting #    differs from the default Samba behaviour #  - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default #    behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important #    enough to be mentioned here # # NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command # "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic # errors. # A well-established practice is to name the original file # "smb.conf.master" and create the "real" config file with # testparm -s smb.conf.master >smb.conf # This minimizes the size of the really used smb.conf file # which, according to the Samba Team, impacts performance # However, use this with caution if your smb.conf file contains nested # "include" statements. See Debian bug #483187 for a case # where using a master file is not a good idea. #   #======================= Global Settings ======================= # 全局参数 [global]   ## Browsing/Identification ###   # Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of    workgroup = WORKGROUP  # 设定Samba Server所要加入的工作组或者域   # server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field    server string = %h server  # 设定Samba Server的注释，可以是任何字符串，也可以不填   # Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section: # WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server #   wins support = no   # WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client # Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both ;   wins server = w.x.y.z   # This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.    dns proxy = no   # What naming service and in what order should we use to resolve host names # to IP addresses ;   name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast   #### Networking ####   # The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to # This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask; # interface names are normally preferred ;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0  # 设置Samba Server监听哪些网卡，可以写网卡名，也可以写该网卡的IP地址   # Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the # 'interfaces' option above to use this. # It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is # not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this # option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly. ;   bind interfaces only = yes       #### Debugging/Accounting ####   # This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine # that connects    log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m  # 设置Samba Server日志文件的存储位置以及日志文件名称。在文件名后加个宏%m（主机名），表示对每台访问Samba Server的机器都单独记录一个日志文件。如果pc1、pc2访问过Samba Server，就会在/var/log/samba目录下留下log.pc1和log.pc2两个日志文件。   # Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).    max log size = 1000   # 设置Samba Server日志文件的最大容量，单位为kB，0代表不限制。   # If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following # parameter to 'yes'. #   syslog only = no   # We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything # should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log # through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.    syslog = 0   # Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace    panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d     ####### Authentication #######   # "security = user" is always a good idea. This will require a Unix account # in this server for every user accessing the server. See # /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/ServerType.html # in the samba-doc package for details. #   security = user  # 设置用户访问Samba Server的验证方式，user代表Samba Server共享目录只能被授权的用户访问，由Samba Server负责检查账号和密码的正确性。账号和密码要在Samba Server中建立。   # You may wish to use password encryption.  See the section on # 'encrypt passwords' in the smb.conf(5) manpage before enabling.    encrypt passwords = true  # 是否将认证密码加密。因为现在windows操作系统都是使用加密密码，所以一般要开启此项。配置文件默认为开启。   # If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what # password database type you are using.    passdb backend = tdbsam      obey pam restrictions = yes   # This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix # password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the # passdb is changed.    unix password sync = yes   # For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following # parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<kahan@informatik.tu-muenchen.de> for # sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).    passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u    passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .   # This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes # when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in # 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.    pam password change = yes   # This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped # to anonymous connections    map to guest = bad user  # 该选项表示不成功的验证尝试会被重定向到bad user界面   ########## Domains ###########   # Is this machine able to authenticate users. Both PDC and BDC # must have this setting enabled. If you are the BDC you must # change the 'domain master' setting to no # ;   domain logons = yes # # The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set # It specifies the location of the user's profile directory # from the client point of view) # The following required a [profiles] share to be setup on the # samba server (see below) ;   logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U # Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory # (this is Samba's default) #   logon path = \\%N\%U\profile   # The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set # It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client # point of view) ;   logon drive = H: #   logon home = \\%N\%U   # The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set # It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored # in the [netlogon] share # NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention ;   logon script = logon.cmd   # This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR # RPC pipe.  The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix # password; please adapt to your needs ; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u   # This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the # SAMR RPC pipe. # The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system ; add machine script  = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u   # This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR # RPC pipe. ; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g   ########## Printing ##########   # If you want to automatically load your printer list rather # than setting them up individually then you'll need this #   load printers = yes   # lpr(ng) printing. You may wish to override the location of the # printcap file ;   printing = bsd ;   printcap name = /etc/printcap   # CUPS printing.  See also the cupsaddsmb(8) manpage in the # cupsys-client package. ;   printing = cups ;   printcap name = cups   ############ Misc ############   # Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration # on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name # of the machine that is connecting ;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m   # Most people will find that this option gives better performance. # See smb.conf(5) and /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/speed.html # for details # You may want to add the following on a Linux system: #         SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 #   socket options = TCP_NODELAY   # The following parameter is useful only if you have the linpopup package # installed. The samba maintainer and the linpopup maintainer are # working to ease installation and configuration of linpopup and samba. ;   message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &   # Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. If this # machine will be configured as a BDC (a secondary logon server), you # must set this to 'no'; otherwise, the default behavior is recommended. #   domain master = auto   # Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges # for something else.) ;   idmap uid = 10000-20000 ;   idmap gid = 10000-20000 ;   template shell = /bin/bash   # The following was the default behaviour in sarge, # but samba upstream reverted the default because it might induce # performance issues in large organizations. # See Debian bug #368251 for some of the consequences of *not* # having this setting and smb.conf(5) for details. ;   winbind enum groups = yes ;   winbind enum users = yes   # Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders # with the net usershare command.   # Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled. ;   usershare max shares = 100   # 最大的分享用户的数目，0表示用户之间不能分享文件   # Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create # public shares, not just authenticated ones    usershare allow guests = yes   #======================= Share Definitions =======================   [homes]    comment = Home Directories  # comment是对该共享的描述，可以是任意字符串    browseable = no   # By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the # next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.    read only = yes   # File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to # create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.    create mask = 0700   # Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to # create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.    directory mask = 0700   # By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone # with access to the samba server. # The following parameter makes sure that only "username" can connect # to \\server\username # This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes    valid users = %S   # 用来指定允许访问该共享资源的用户   # Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons # (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.) ;[netlogon] ;   comment = Network Logon Service ;   path = /home/samba/netlogon ;   guest ok = yes ;   read only = yes   # Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store # users profiles (see the "logon path" option above) # (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.) # The path below should be writable by all users so that their # profile directory may be created the first time they log on ;[profiles] ;   comment = Users profiles ;   path = /home/samba/profiles ;   guest ok = no ;   browseable = no ;   create mask = 0600 ;   directory mask = 0700   [printers]    comment = All Printers    browseable = no    path = /var/spool/samba    printable = yes    guest ok = no    read only = yes    create mask = 0700   # Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable # printer drivers [print$]    comment = Printer Drivers    path = /var/lib/samba/printers    browseable = yes     read only = yes    guest ok = no # Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers. # You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your # admin users are members of. # Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions # to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it ;   write list = root, @lpadmin   # A sample share for sharing your CD-ROM with others. ;[cdrom] ;   comment = Samba server's CD-ROM ;   read only = yes ;   locking = no ;   path = /cdrom ;   guest ok = yes   # The next two parameters show how to auto-mount a CD-ROM when the #   cdrom share is accesed. For this to work /etc/fstab must contain #   an entry like this: # #       /dev/scd0   /cdrom  iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user   0 0 # # The CD-ROM gets unmounted automatically after the connection to the # # If you don't want to use auto-mounting/unmounting make sure the CD #   is mounted on /cdrom # ;   preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom ;   postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom   [home]         comment = laowang's data  # 对该共享的描述         path = /home   # path用来指定共享目录的路径         valid users = pi   # 有效的用户         public = no         writable = yes   # writable用来指定该共享路径是否可写。         printable = no         create mask = 0777

 

11.  给出用各种方式传递文件的过程，并从易用性、速度、安全等方面做比较；

SAMBA方式

Mac启动Samba共享服务，需要到“系统偏好设置”中开启

Figure 14 系统设置中共享界面
 

在树莓派挂载后，便可正常读写，可以看到在树莓派端往Mac新建文件后，Mac就能够正常读取出来

树莓派上需要设置samba服务，编辑/etc/samba/smb.conf文件，在smbpasswd中添加用户名和密码，在Mac端输入smb://IP，即可读写树莓派的目录。

Figure15 Mac端登录树莓派目录
 

sFTP方式

下面演示在Mac端使用sftp方式向树莓派用户传输文件

使用命令

sftp root@192.168.1.104 root@192.168.1.104’s password Connected to 192.168.1.104

Figure 16 sftp传输文件
 

串口XModem方式

为了使用Xmodem协议，Mac上需要安装lrzxz软件包，并建立连接

brew install lrzxz

ln –s lrx rx

ln –s lsx sx

在树莓派端输入sxfilename，并启用minicom菜单接受文件，即可成功传输文件。

Figure 17 使用minicom接收文件
 

三种传递方式的比较：

1.    就速度而言，samba最快，sftp辞职，xmodem最慢

2.    就传输介质而言，samba最便捷；sftp需要经过加密传输，速度会稍微慢一些，xmodem通过串口线传输数据，要求最高

3.    就安全性而言，通过串口直连，安全性都非常高。要是不通过串口相连，sftp安全性最高，因为通过加密传输。Samba和xmodem方式安全性能较低。

 

12.  给出你所选择的交叉编译环境的情况：来源、安装过程等

在Github下载编译完成的armGNU工具链，ARMx-2009q3-67.tar.bz2。

由于Mac默认的文件系统不是大小写敏感的，而源于linux的工具链大小写敏感，所以需要使用系统自带的硬盘工具建立空白映像，并将工具链解压于其中。

挂载后设置PATH变量后便可使用

export PATH=$PATH:/Volumes/arm/bin

13.  给出交叉编译的程序的情况，并证明它是ARM/MIPS的可执行文件；

在PC端的C语言文件

经过编译之后，得到a.out文件，通过file命令检测，证明其为arm汇编可执行文件

将其通过scp命令拷贝到树莓派中

通过ssh登录树莓派，验证C语言程序交叉编译

14.  给出嵌入式板卡本机开发环境的情况，给出一或两种语言编程的例子和结果；

C在树莓派上的编译运行

Python在树莓派上的解释运行

Java在树莓派上的编译运行

 

15.  给出你尝试的远程图形桌面的方式：嵌入式板卡端的配置方法，PC端软件的获得，使用结果截屏等。

嵌入式板卡上直接使用sudo apt-get install tightvncserver安装VNC server。安装完成之后，使用tightvncserver启动VNC服务器，并且创建密码，如下图所示。

Figure 18 VNC server
           PC端使用VNC viewer，可以在http://www.realvnc.com/download/get/1246/网址可以下载。

下载完成之后，打开如下界面

Figure 19 VNC Viewer
输入树莓派的IP地址与打开服务器的序号（默认为1），点击connect，之后输入之前在服务器端设置的密码，就可以打开图形化界面，如下图所示：



  Figure 20 树莓派图形化桌面
 

 

四、      实验结果分析

实验结果即操作实现图，展示在第三部分实验过程中，故本部分内容略过。

五、      讨论与心得

本次实验难度较大。主要原因是之前对于嵌入式系统接触太少，导致对于配置文件的细节部分掌握的不够，理解出现问题。

通过本次实验，对嵌入式系统有了更深一步的了解，希望在以后的实验中能够越来越熟练的完成实验。