软件技术简要说明
2016-06-13 23:20
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软件技术简要说明
Source: Java how to program, 10th edition
Source: Java how to program, 10th edition
Technology | Description |
Agile software development | Agile software development is a set of methodologies that try to get software implemented faster and using fewer resources. Check out the Agile Alliance (www.agilealliance.org) and the Agile Manifesto (www.agilemanifesto.org). |
Refactoring | Refactoring involves reworking programs to make them clearer and easier to maintain while preserving their correctness and functionality. It’s widely employed with agile development methodologies. Many IDEs contain built-in refactoring tools to do major portions of the reworking automatically. |
Design patterns | Design patterns are proven architectures for constructing flexible and maintainable object-oriented software. The field of design patterns tries to enumerate those recurring patterns, encouraging software designers to reuse them to develop better-quality software using less time, money and effort. We discuss Java design patterns in the online Appendix N. |
LAMP | LAMP is an acronym for the open-source technologies that many developers use to build web applications—it stands for Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP (or Perl or Python—two other scripting languages). MySQL is an open-source database management system. PHP is the most popular opensource server-side “scripting” language for developing web applications. Apache is the most popular web server software. The equivalent for Windows development is WAMP—Windows, Apache, MySQL and PHP. |
Software as a Service (SaaS) | Software has generally been viewed as a product; most software still is offered this way. If you want to run an application, you buy a software package from a software vendor—often a CD, DVD or web download. You then install that software on your computer and run it as needed. As new versions appear, you upgrade your software, often at considerable cost in time and money. This process can become cumbersome for organizations that must maintain tens of thousands of systems on a diverse array of computer equipment. With Software as a Service (SaaS), the software runs on servers elsewhere on the Internet. When that server is updated, all clients worldwide see the new capabilities—no local installation is needed. You access the service through a browser. Browsers are quite portable, so you can run the same applications on a wide variety of computers from anywhere in the world. Salesforce.com, Google, and Microsoft’s Office Live and Windows Live all offer SaaS. |
Platform as a Service (PaaS) | Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a computing platform for developing and running applications as a service over the web, rather than installing the tools on your computer. Some PaaS providers are Google App Engine, Amazon EC2 and Windows Azure™. |
Cloud computing | SaaS and PaaS are examples of cloud computing. You can use software and data stored in the “cloud”—i.e., accessed on remote computers (or servers) via the Internet and available on demand—rather than having it stored on your desktop, notebook computer or mobile device. This allows you to increase or decrease computing resources to meet your needs at any given time, which is more cost effective than purchasing hardware to provide enough storage and processing power to meet occasional peak demands. Cloud computing also saves money by shifting the burden of managing these apps to the service provider. |
Software Development Kit (SDK) | Software Development Kits (SDKs) include the tools and documentation developers use to program applications. For example, you’ll use the Java Development Kit (JDK) to build and run Java applications. |
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