android-View工作原理（三）视图大小计算过程（measure过程）

本文转载自：http://blog.csdn.net/ff20081528/article/details/17560135

一、android中view的measure过程总概

视图大小计算的过程是从根视图measure()方法开始，接着该方法会调用根视图的onMeasure()方法，onMeasure()方法会对所包含的子视图逐一执行measure()方法，如果子视图是ViewGroup子类对象（LinearLayout、FrameLayout、RelativeLayout等布局），则继续调用子视图的measure()方法，重复这一过程。如果子视图是View子类对象（Button、EditText、TextView、ImageView等），则在子视图重载的onMeasure方法内部不需要进行对子视图进行measure操作，从而一次measure过程完成。过程如下图所示：



二、measure详细过程

View中的measure()方法源码（ViewGroup类继承了View类，measure过程先从ViewGroup子类开始）:

public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
if ((mPrivateFlags & FORCE_LAYOUT) == FORCE_LAYOUT ||
widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec ||
heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) {

// first clears the measured dimension flag
mPrivateFlags &= ~MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;

if (ViewDebug.TRACE_HIERARCHY) {
ViewDebug.trace(this, ViewDebug.HierarchyTraceType.ON_MEASURE);
}

// measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);

// flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise
// an exception to warn the developer
if ((mPrivateFlags & MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {
throw new IllegalStateException("onMeasure() did not set the"
+ " measured dimension by calling"
+ " setMeasuredDimension()");
}

mPrivateFlags |= LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
}

mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;
}

注：通过源码，我们看到该方法的定义中用了final关键字，说明该方法是不能被重写的，即View系统定义的这个measure框架不能被修改。参数widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec分别对应宽和高的measureSpec，当父视图对子视图进行measure操作时，会调用子视图的measure()方法，该参数得意思是父视图所提供的measure的“规格”，因为父视图为子视图提供的窗口尺寸是由父视图和子视图共同决定。该参数有两部分组成，第一部分：高16位表示specMode，定义在MeasureSpec类中，有三种类型：MeasureSpec.EXACTLY：表示明确的尺寸大小， MeasureSpec.AT_MOST：表示最大大小， MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED：不确定大小。第二部分：低16位表示size，即父view的大小，这就是为什么我们在重写onmeasure方法是需要：int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMod(spec); int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec)这样调用。specMode一般都为MeasureSpec.EXACTLY ，而size分别对应屏幕宽，高。也就是Window第一次掉用的view，一般都是这个值，而对于子view来说，这个值就是你在xml定义的属性 android:layout_width和android:layout_height的值。

下面我们看看源码执行过程，看注释就能很明白，首先清 除测量尺寸的标识。接着将重新测量自己的尺寸，即调用onMeasure()方法。最后是判断测量尺寸大小的标识是否已经重新赋值，如果没有则不执行setMeasuredDimension()方法。方法结束。这个方法里面主要就是调用自己的onMeasure（）方法，对自己的大小尺寸进行测量。下面来介绍onMeasure（）方法。

ViewGroup中的onMeasure方法介绍

其实在ViewGroup类中并没有重写该方法，一般在他的子类中进行重写，比如LinearLayout、RelativeLayout，下面我们以Linearlayout来分析。LinearLayout中onMeasure方法源码如下：

@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
} else {
measureHorizontal(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
}
}

注：通过源码我们可以知道，首先onMeasure会判断这个布局是纵向布局还是横向布局，即对应android:orientation=”“属性。下面以纵向布局来分析，源码如下，有点长：

/**
* Measures the children when the orientation of this LinearLayout is set
* to {@link #VERTICAL}.
*
* @param widthMeasureSpec Horizontal space requirements as imposed by the parent.
* @param heightMeasureSpec Vertical space requirements as imposed by the parent.
*
* @see #getOrientation()
* @see #setOrientation(int)
* @see #onMeasure(int, int)
*/
void measureVertical(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
mTotalLength = 0;
int maxWidth = 0;
int alternativeMaxWidth = 0;
int weightedMaxWidth = 0;
boolean allFillParent = true;
float totalWeight = 0;

final int count = getVirtualChildCount();

final int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
final int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
boolean matchWidth = false;
final int baselineChildIndex = mBaselineAlignedChildIndex;
final boolean useLargestChild = mUseLargestChild;
int largestChildHeight = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
// See how tall everyone is. Also remember max width.
for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);

if (child == null) {
mTotalLength += measureNullChild(i);
continue;
}
if (child.getVisibility() == View.GONE) {
i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
continue;
}
LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
totalWeight += lp.weight;
if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY && lp.height == 0 && lp.weight > 0) {
// Optimization: don't bother measuring children who are going to use
// leftover space. These views will get measured again down below if
// there is any leftover space.
final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
} else {
int oldHeight = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
if (lp.height == 0 && lp.weight > 0) {
// heightMode is either UNSPECIFIED or AT_MOST, and this
// child wanted to stretch to fill available space.
// Translate that to WRAP_CONTENT so that it does not end up
// with a height of 0
oldHeight = 0;
lp.height = LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
}
// Determine how big this child would like to be. If this or
// previous children have given a weight, then we allow it to
// use all available space (and we will shrink things later
// if needed).
measureChildBeforeLayout(
child, i, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec,
totalWeight == 0 ? mTotalLength : 0);

if (oldHeight != Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
lp.height = oldHeight;
}
final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + childHeight + lp.topMargin +
lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));

if (useLargestChild) {
largestChildHeight = Math.max(childHeight, largestChildHeight);
}
}
/**
* If applicable, compute the additional offset to the child's baseline
* we'll need later when asked {@link #getBaseline}.
*/
if ((baselineChildIndex >= 0) && (baselineChildIndex == i + 1)) {
mBaselineChildTop = mTotalLength;
}
// if we are trying to use a child index for our baseline, the above
// book keeping only works if there are no children above it with
// weight.  fail fast to aid the developer.
if (i < baselineChildIndex && lp.weight > 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("A child of LinearLayout with index "
+ "less than mBaselineAlignedChildIndex has weight > 0, which "
+ "won't work.  Either remove the weight, or don't set "
+ "mBaselineAlignedChildIndex.");
}
boolean matchWidthLocally = false;
if (widthMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY && lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// The width of the linear layout will scale, and at least one
// child said it wanted to match our width. Set a flag
// indicating that we need to remeasure at least that view when
// we know our width.
matchWidth = true;
matchWidthLocally = true;
}
final int margin = lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin;
final int measuredWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth() + margin;
maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, measuredWidth);
allFillParent = allFillParent && lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT;
if (lp.weight > 0) {
/*
* Widths of weighted Views are bogus if we end up
* remeasuring, so keep them separate.
*/
weightedMaxWidth = Math.max(weightedMaxWidth,
matchWidthLocally ? margin : measuredWidth);
} else {
alternativeMaxWidth = Math.max(alternativeMaxWidth,
matchWidthLocally ? margin : measuredWidth);
}
i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
}
if (useLargestChild && heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
mTotalLength = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
if (child == null) {
mTotalLength += measureNullChild(i);
continue;
}
if (child.getVisibility() == GONE) {
i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
continue;
}
final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams)
child.getLayoutParams();
// Account for negative margins
final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + largestChildHeight +
lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));
}
}
// Add in our padding
mTotalLength += mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom;
int heightSize = mTotalLength;
// Check against our minimum height
heightSize = Math.max(heightSize, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());
// Reconcile our calculated size with the heightMeasureSpec
heightSize = resolveSize(heightSize, heightMeasureSpec);
// Either expand children with weight to take up available space or
// shrink them if they extend beyond our current bounds
int delta = heightSize - mTotalLength;
if (delta != 0 && totalWeight > 0.0f) {
float weightSum = mWeightSum > 0.0f ? mWeightSum : totalWeight;
mTotalLength = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
if (child.getVisibility() == View.GONE) {
continue;
}
LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
float childExtra = lp.weight;
if (childExtra > 0) {
// Child said it could absorb extra space -- give him his share
int share = (int) (childExtra * delta / weightSum);
weightSum -= childExtra;
delta -= share;
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(widthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight +
lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin, lp.width);

// TODO: Use a field like lp.isMeasured to figure out if this
// child has been previously measured
if ((lp.height != 0) || (heightMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY)) {
// child was measured once already above...
// base new measurement on stored values
int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight() + share;
if (childHeight < 0) {
childHeight = 0;
}
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec,
MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(childHeight, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY));
} else {
// child was skipped in the loop above.
// Measure for this first time here
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec,
MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(share > 0 ? share : 0,
MeasureSpec.EXACTLY));
}
}
final int margin =  lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin;
final int measuredWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth() + margin;
maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, measuredWidth);
boolean matchWidthLocally = widthMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY &&
lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT;
alternativeMaxWidth = Math.max(alternativeMaxWidth,
matchWidthLocally ? margin : measuredWidth);
allFillParent = allFillParent && lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT;
final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + child.getMeasuredHeight() +
lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));
}
// Add in our padding
mTotalLength += mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom;
// TODO: Should we recompute the heightSpec based on the new total length?
} else {
alternativeMaxWidth = Math.max(alternativeMaxWidth,
weightedMaxWidth);
}
if (!allFillParent && widthMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
maxWidth = alternativeMaxWidth;
}
maxWidth += mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight;
// Check against our minimum width
maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());
setMeasuredDimension(resolveSize(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec), heightSize);
if (matchWidth) {
forceUniformWidth(count, heightMeasureSpec);
}
}

注：

获取所有的子view数量，对每个子view开始处理，如果子view是GONE的，则直接跳过。

获取子view的 LayoutParams，在xml中定义的参数，通过layout_weight定义的值累加到变量totalWeight中，然后判断如果view的 height设置为零，但weight设置的大于0，则将height的值设置为LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT。

然 后调用measureChildWithMargins方法，该方法处理的逻辑：计算子view的measureSpec，即specMode和 specSize，调用方法为：getChildMeasureSpec，调用两次，分别 计算宽和高，getChildMeasureSpec内部根据 父view的measure和子view的layout_width和layout_height属性计算子view的measure。 getChildMeasureSpec计算子view的measure，总结如下：1.如果在xml中指定了子view的具体大小，那么计算结果不管父 的measure是什么，结果都是EXACITY+child_size，2.如果子view的height指定的值为FILL_PARENT，则返回的 结果为：EXACITY+size，原因很简单：因为FILL_PARENT的意思是充满这个父view，所以返回的子view的measure就是 view的大小。3.如果子view的大小为wrap_content,那么返回的结果都为AT_MOST+size，原因是：最大不能超过父view的 大小。

子view的measure确定好以后，然后调用子view的measure方法，如果子view是View对象，则该view 的大小测量结束，开始下一个子view的循环，如果子view是ViewGroup那么，又开始一个新的递归，处理逻辑和上面一样，直到所有的view对 象测量结束。

所有的子view测量结束后，才开始对layout_weight计算，这样我们可能想到，如果父view已经被占满了， 那么有可能layout_weight大于0的view对象是不会显示的，而计算layout_weight的方法也很简单，就是用总高度减去上面分析完 mTotalLength的值，就是剩下，然后去平分给view对象，注意计算权重时优先去 android:android:weightSum（LinearLayout的xml属性）的值，如果不设置该值会计算和，所以该值既然设置了，就一 定要子view的weight的总和相等，否则平分可能不能得到预期效果。

过程分析完毕，这篇文章这里提到了LinearLayout中的layout_weight属性，这个属性对很对人来说是又恨又爱，下篇文章，我们将来总结改属性的详细用法，让大家彻底理解这个属性。