Mysql 用户管理

15.2、账户管理

15.2.1、登录和退出MySQL服务器

mysql –hhostname|hostIP –P port –u username –p[password] databaseName –e “SQL语句”

-h               主机名或ip

-P               port[3306]

-u               username

-p               -p[password]                注意，之间没有空格

-e               执行SQL语句                SQL用双引号括起

可以用此语句配合操作系统定时任务，达到自动处理表数据的功能，如定时将某表中过期的数据删除。

15.2.2、新建立普通用户

1、用CREATE USER语句新建

CREATE USER user [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD]’password’]

     [,user [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD]’password’]]... 
2、用INSERT语句来新建普通用户

INSERT INTOmysql.user(host,user,password,ssl_cipher,x509_issuer,x509_subject)

VALUES (‘localhost’,’test2’,PASSWORD(‘test2’),’’,’’,’’);

FLUSH PRIVELEGES; 
3、用GRANT语句来新建普通用户

GRANT priv_type ON database.table TO user [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD]’password

[,user[IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD]’password’]]... 

15.2.3、删除普通用户

1、用DROP USER语句来删除普通用户
　　DROP USER user [,user]…;
例：drop user ‘test’@’localhost’;
 

2、用DELETE语句来删除普通用户
DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE user=’username’ and host=’hostname’;

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
 

15.2.4、root用户修改自己的密码

1、使用mysqladmin命令来修改root用户的密码
mysqladmin –u username –p password “new_password”;
2、修改user表
UPDATE mysql.user SET password=PASSWORD(“new_password”) WHERE user=’root’and host=’’;

FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 
3、使用SET语句来修改root用户的密码
SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD(“new_password”);

15.2.5、root用户修改普通用户密码

1、使用mysqladmin命令
　　不适用，mysqladmin只能修改root 用户密码
2、修改user表
UPDATE mysql.user SET password=PASSWORD(“new_password”) WHERE user=’’ andhost=’’;

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
 

3、使用SET语句来修改普通用户的密码
　　SET PASSWORD FOR ‘user’@’localhost’=PASSWORD(“new_password”);
4、用GRANT语句来修改普通用户的密码
GRANT priv_type ON database.table TO user [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD]’password

[,user[IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD]’password’]]...

15.2.6、普通用户修改密码

SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD(“new_password”);

15.2.7、root用户密码丢失的解决办法

1、使用—skip-grant-tables选项来启动MySQL服务
>mysqld –skip-grant-tables
#/etc/init.d/mysql start –mysqld –skip-grant-tables
2、登录root，设置新密码
mysql –u root

update mysql.user set password=password(“new_password”) where user=’root’and host=’localhost’; 
3、加载权限表
　　fush privileges;

15.3、权限管理

15.3.1、MySQL的各种权限

create, select, update, delete
all [privileges]               指所有权限

15.3.2、授权

GRANT priv_type [(column_list)] [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ...

    ON [object_type] {tbl_name | *| *.* | db_name.*}

    TO user [IDENTIFIED BY[PASSWORD] 'password']

        [, user [IDENTIFIED BY[PASSWORD] 'password']] ...

    [REQUIRE

        NONE |

        [{SSL| X509}]

        [CIPHER 'cipher' [AND]]

        [ISSUER 'issuer' [AND]]

        [SUBJECT 'subject']]

    [WITH with_option [with_option]...]

object_type =

    TABLE

  | FUNCTION

  | PROCEDURE
with_option =

    GRANT OPTION

  | MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count

  | MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR count

  | MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count

  | MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count
grant select, insert, update, delete on testdb.*
tocommon_user@'%'
database.table             *.*所有库的所有表

user                    
‘user’@’host’

15.3.3、收回权限

REVOKE priv_type [(column_list)] [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ...

    ON [object_type] {tbl_name | *| *.* | db_name.*}

    FROM user [, user] ...
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM user [, user] ...