为Linux主机用户设定特定的磁盘空间大小——Ubuntu12.04配置磁盘限额实战配置

使用软件：quota
操作系统：Ubuntu 12.04_x86_64
针对分区：/home下的用户

一、安装quota

# apt-get install -y quota

二、配置磁盘配额分区

配置设备目录支持相应quota
# vi /etc/fstab 重启后生效
/dev/sda7 /home ext4 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 1 2

重现挂载/home分区
#mount -o remount,usrquota,grpquota /home

测试quota
#quotacheck -avug
quotacheck -auvg
quotacheck: Quota for users is enabled on mountpoint /home so quotacheck might damage the file.
Please turn quotas off or use -f to force checking.

#quotacheck -avug -f
quotacheck: Cannot remount filesystem mounted on /home read-only so counted values might not be right.
Please stop all programs writing to filesystem or use -m flag to force checking.

# quotacheck -auvg -f -m
quotacheck: Scanning /dev/disk/by-uuid/52bce451-c00a-4655-b7c4-4ed911361be6 [/] quotacheck: lstat Cannot stat `//var/lib/lightdm/.gvfs': Permission denied
Guess you'd better run fsck first !
exiting...

# fsck
fsck from util-linux 2.20.1
e2fsck 1.42 (29-Nov-2011)
/dev/sda1 is mounted.

WARNING!!! The filesystem is mounted. If you continue you ***WILL***

cause ***SEVERE*** filesystem damage.

Do you really want to continue<n>? yes

/dev/sda1: recovering journal
Clearing orphaned inode 291185 (uid=0, gid=0, mode=0100640, size=1074)
Clearing orphaned inode 291988 (uid=0, gid=0, mode=0100640, size=62)
Clearing orphaned inode 535083 (uid=104, gid=111, mode=0100600, size=1)
Clearing orphaned inode 793605 (uid=104, gid=111, mode=0100664, size=2028)
Setting free inodes count to 1011177 (was 1011199)
Setting free blocks count to 3061839 (was 3061776)
/dev/sda5: clean, 234007/1245184 files, 1918641/4980480 blocks

此时有两种方法：

法1：快速解决问题，不影响系统服务使用
#reboot
法2：结束掉正在使用的进程
#fuser -m /home
10334rce 10665rce 10843rce
#ps -aux | grep 10334
000 4753 0.0 0.0 557828 23976 ? Sl 15:35 0:00 /usr/bin/python /usr/lib/unity-scope-video-remote/unity-scope-video-remote

#quotacheck -avug

quotacheck: Quota for users is enabled on mountpoint /home so quotacheck might damage the file.
Please turn quotas off or use -f to force checking.
此时执行quotacheck提示，加上-f强制

#quotacheck -avug -f
quotacheck: Scanning /dev/sda7 [/home] done
quotacheck: Checked 236 directories and 1225 files

#ll /home/
total 52
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 May 11 15:39 ./
drwxr-xr-x 28 root root 4096 May 10 14:07 ../
-rw------- 1 root root 7168 May 11 15:39 aquota.group
-rw------- 1 root root 7168 May 11 15:39 aquota.user

三、开启磁盘配额

使用#quotaon -auvg命令后发现如下报错
#quotaon -auvg
quotaon: using /home/aquota.group on /dev/sda7 [/home]: Device or resource busy
quotaon: using /home/aquota.user on /dev/sda7 [/home]: Device or resource busy

此时关闭quota
#quotaoff -a

重现开启，显示已经完成对home分区的磁盘配额
#quotaon -auvg
/dev/sda7 [/home]: group quotas turned on
/dev/sda7 [/home]: user quotas turned on

四、对用户进行配额

对已经创建的用户quota_user_001进行配置
#edquota -u quota_user_001#配置用户磁盘配额
isk quotas for user qibo (uid 1001):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft$
/dev/sda7 12 300000000 524288000 4 0$
单位为Kb

其中blocks为已经使用的容量，soft和hard分别是，限额287G和500G
ctrl+o 写入
ctrl+x 退出

复制用户的配置信息
#edquota -p quota_user_001 -u quota_user_002

修改宽限时间 当使用者文件超过大小时
#edquota -t
36500
因为没有强制性需求，因此设置为36500天

编辑myquotagrp组的总共使用大小
edquota -g quota_group_001

查看全部磁盘配额用户的限制
#repquota -auv

#检查用户磁盘配额剩余情况
$quota -vsug quota_user_001

查看是否有警告信息
$warnquota

# quotaoff /home （取消磁盘空间限制。）
# quotaon /home （现在启动磁盘空间限制。）

五、测试
可以设定50M的限额，创建容量超过80M的文件
测试命令如下

# su - quota_user_001
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=ceshi bs=1M count=40

记录了40+0 的读入
记录了40+0 的写出
41943040字节(42 MB)已复制，0.0535329 秒，783 MB/秒
tankai@dttzd07:~$ ls
ceshi
tankai@dttzd07:~$ du -sh *
40M ceshi
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=ceshi2 bs=1M count=40

dd: 正在写入"ceshi2": 超出磁盘限额
记录了9+0 的读入
记录了8+0 的写出
9248768字节(9.2 MB)已复制，0.0151042 秒，612 MB/秒
$ du -sh *
40M ceshi
8.9M ceshi2

dd if=/dev/zero of=bigfile2 bs=1M count=40会发现真是数据只有48.9M