ActiveMQ消息系统研究与学习

概述

ActiveMQ是Apache所提供的一个开源的消息系统，完全采用 Java 来实现，因此，它能很好地支持J2EE提出的JMS（Java Message Service,即Java消息服务）规范。JMS是一组Java应用程序接口，它提供消息的创建、发送、读取等一系列服务。JMS提供了一组公共应用程序接口和响应的语法，类似于Java 数据库 的统一访问接口JDBC,它是一种与厂商无关的API，使得Java程序能够与不同厂商的消息组件很好地进行通信。

JMS支持两种消息发送和接收模型。一种称为P2P(Ponit to Point)模型，即采用点对点的方式发送消息。P2P模型是基于队列的，消息生产者发送消息到队列，消息消费者从队列中接收消息，队列的存在使得消息的异步传输称为可能，P2P模型在点对点的情况下进行消息传递时采用。



另一种称为Pub/Sub(Publish/Subscribe，即发布-订阅)模型，发布-订阅模型定义了如何向一个内容节点发布和订阅消息，这个内容节点称为topic(主题)。主题可以认为是消息传递的中介，消息发布这将消息发布到某个主题，而消息订阅者则从主题订阅消息。主题使得消息的订阅者与消息的发布者互相保持独立，不需要进行接触即可保证消息的传递，发布-订阅模型在消息的一对多广播时采用。

ActiveMQ的安装

下载最新的安装包apache-activemq-5.13.2-bin.tar.gz（此包linux下的，案例也是针对linux系统进行阐述，当然ActiveMQ也有win版的，这里就不赘述了），可以去 官网 下载，也可以在下方留言区留下你的邮箱，博主会发给你的~

下载之后解压： tar -zvxf apache-activemq-5.13.2-bin.tar.gz

ActiveMQ目录内容有：

bin目录包含ActiveMQ的启动脚本
conf目录包含ActiveMQ的所有配置文件
data目录包含日志文件和持久性消息数据
example: ActiveMQ的示例
lib: ActiveMQ运行所需要的lib
webapps: ActiveMQ的web控制台和一些相关的demo

运行命令： activemq start （在activemq/bin下运行）

INFO: Loading '/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//bin/env'
INFO: Using java '/users/shr/util/JavaDir/jdk/bin/java'
INFO: Starting - inspect logfiles specified in logging.properties and log4j.properties to get details
INFO: pidfile created : '/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//data/activemq.pid' (pid '986')

查看activemq是否运行命令： ps
-aux | grep activemq

shr        986  1.2  9.7 1281720 201936 pts/5  Sl   19:43   0:17 /users/shr/util/JavaDir/jdk/bin/java -Xms64M -Xmx1G -Djava.util.logging.config.file=logging.properties -Djava.security.auth.login.config=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//conf/login.config -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Djava.awt.headless=true -Djava.io.tmpdir=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//tmp -Dactivemq.classpath=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//conf:/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//../lib/: -Dactivemq.home=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/ -Dactivemq.base=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/ -Dactivemq.conf=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//conf -Dactivemq.data=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//data -jar /users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//bin/activemq.jar start
shr       1501  0.0  0.0   5176   724 pts/5    S+   20:06   0:00 grep activemq

关闭命令： activemq
stop

INFO: Loading '/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//bin/env'
INFO: Using java '/users/shr/util/JavaDir/jdk/bin/java'
INFO: Waiting at least 30 seconds for regular process termination of pid '986' :
Java Runtime: Oracle Corporation 1.7.0_79 /users/shr/util/JavaDir/jdk1.7.0_79/jre
Heap sizes: current=63232k  free=62218k  max=932096k
JVM args: -Xms64M -Xmx1G -Djava.util.logging.config.file=logging.properties -Djava.security.auth.login.config=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//conf/login.config -Dactivemq.classpath=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//conf:/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//../lib/: -Dactivemq.home=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/ -Dactivemq.base=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/ -Dactivemq.conf=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//conf -Dactivemq.data=/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2//data
Extensions classpath:
[/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/lib,/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/lib/camel,/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/lib/optional,/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/lib/web,/users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/lib/extra]
ACTIVEMQ_HOME: /users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2
ACTIVEMQ_BASE: /users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2
ACTIVEMQ_CONF: /users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/conf
ACTIVEMQ_DATA: /users/shr/apache-activemq-5.13.2/data
Connecting to pid: 986
..Stopping broker: localhost
.. TERMINATED

ActiveMQ的默认服务端口为61616，这个可以在conf/activemq.xml配置文件中修改：

<transportConnectors>
<!-- DOS protection, limit concurrent connections to 1000 and frame size to 100MB -->
<transportConnector name="openwire" uri="tcp://0.0.0.0:61616?maximumConnections=1000&wireFormat.maxFrameSize=104857600"/>
</transportConnectors>

在下载的apache-activemq-5.13.2-bin.tar.gz包中解压有一个jar包：activemq-all-5.13.2.jar，引入这个jar到你的项目中即可开始编写案例代码。

博主的activemq服务器地址为10.10.195.187，这个在下面代码中会有体现。

按照JMS的规范，我们首先需要获得一个JMS connection factory.，通过这个connection factory来创建connection.在这个基础之上我们再创建session, destination, producer和consumer。因此主要的几个步骤如下：

获得JMS connection factory. 通过我们提供特定环境的连接信息来构造factory。
利用factory构造JMS connection
启动connection
通过connection创建JMS session.
指定JMS destination.
创建JMS producer或者创建JMS message并提供destination.
创建JMS consumer或注册JMS message listener.
发送和接收JMS message.
关闭所有JMS资源，包括connection, session, producer, consumer等。

下面来看代码举例（P2P式）。通过Java实现的基于ActiveMQ的请求提交：

package com.zzh.activemq;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashMap;

import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.DeliveryMode;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
import javax.jms.ObjectMessage;
import javax.jms.Session;

import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;

public class RequestSubmit
{
//消息发送者
private MessageProducer producer;
//一个发送或者接受消息的线程
private Session session;

public void init() throws Exception
{
//ConnectionFactory连接工厂，JMS用它创建连接
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(
ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_USER,
ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_PASSWORD,
"tcp://10.10.195.187:61616");
//Connection：JMS客户端到JMS Provider的连接，从构造工厂中得到连接对象
Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
//启动
connection.start();
//获取连接操作
session = connection.createSession(Boolean.TRUE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
Destination destinatin = session.createQueue("RequestQueue");
//得到消息生成（发送）者
producer = session.createProducer(destinatin);
//设置不持久化
producer.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);
}

public void submit(HashMap<Serializable,Serializable> requestParam) throws Exception
{
ObjectMessage message = session.createObjectMessage(requestParam);
producer.send(message);
session.commit();
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
RequestSubmit submit = new RequestSubmit();
submit.init();
HashMap<Serializable,Serializable> requestParam = new HashMap<Serializable,Serializable>();
requestParam.put("joker", "zzh");
submit.submit(requestParam);
}
}

创建Session时有两个非常重要的参数，第一个boolean类型的参数用来表示是否采用事务消息。如果是事务消息，对于的参数设置为true，此时消息的提交自动有comit处理，消息的回滚则自动由rollback处理。加入消息不是事务的，则对应的该参数设置为false，此时分为三种情况：

Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE表示Session会自动确认所接收到的消息。
Session.CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE表示由客户端程序通过调用消息的确认方法来确认所接收到的消息。
Session.DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE使得Session将“懒惰”地确认消息，即不会立即确认消息，这样有可能导致消息重复投递。

提供Java实现的基于ActiveMQ的请求处理：

package com.zzh.activemq;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.Destination;
import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
import javax.jms.ObjectMessage;
import javax.jms.Session;

import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;

public class RequestProcessor
{
public void requestHandler(HashMap<Serializable,Serializable> requestParam) throws Exception
{
System.out.println("requestHandler....."+requestParam.toString());
for(Map.Entry<Serializable, Serializable> entry : requestParam.entrySet())
{
System.out.println(entry.getKey()+":"+entry.getValue());
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(
ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_USER,
ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_PASSWORD,
"tcp://10.10.195.187:61616");
Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
connection.start();
Session session = connection.createSession(Boolean.FALSE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
Destination destination = session.createQueue("RequestQueue");
//消息消费（接收）者
MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(destination);

RequestProcessor processor = new RequestProcessor();

while(true)
{
ObjectMessage message = (ObjectMessage) consumer.receive(1000);
if(null != message)
{
System.out.println(message);
HashMap<Serializable,Serializable> requestParam = (HashMap<Serializable,Serializable>) message.getObject();
processor.requestHandler(requestParam);
}
else
{
break;
}
}
}
}

输出结果：

ActiveMQObjectMessage {commandId = 6, responseRequired = false, messageId = ID:hidden-PC-58748-1460550507055-1:1:1:1:1, originalDestination = null, originalTransactionId = null, producerId = ID:hidden-PC-58748-1460550507055-1:1:1:1, destination = queue://RequestQueue, transactionId = TX:ID:hidden-PC-58748-1460550507055-1:1:1, expiration = 0, timestamp = 1460550507333, arrival = 0, brokerInTime = 1460550505969, brokerOutTime = 1460550509143, correlationId = null, replyTo = null, persistent = false, type = null, priority = 4, groupID = null, groupSequence = 0, targetConsumerId = null, compressed = false, userID = null, content = org.apache.activemq.util.ByteSequence@74a456bb, marshalledProperties = null, dataStructure = null, redeliveryCounter = 0, size = 0, properties = null, readOnlyProperties = true, readOnlyBody = true, droppable = false, jmsXGroupFirstForConsumer = false}
requestHandler.....

可以通过页面查看队列的使用情况，在浏览器中输入页面 ，用户名和密码都是：admin，看到以下页面：





这个是在jetty服务器下跑的，可以修改conf/jetty.xml来修改相关jetty配置。

上面的例子是关于P2P模式的，不过有个不妥之处，就是没有资源的释放。下面举一个Pub/Sub模式的。通过JMS创建ActiveMQ的topic，并给topic发送消息：

import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.DeliveryMode;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
import javax.jms.ObjectMessage;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import javax.jms.Topic;

import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.camel.Produce;

public class TopicRequest
{
//消息发送者
private MessageProducer producer;
//一个发送或者接受消息的线程
private Session session;
//Connection：JMS客户端到JMS Provider的连接
private Connection connection;

public void init() throws Exception
{
//ConnectionFactory连接工厂，JMS用它创建连接
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(
ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_USER,
ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_PASSWORD,
"tcp://10.10.195.187:61616");
//从构造工厂中得到连接对象
connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
//启动
connection.start();
//获取连接操作
session = connection.createSession(Boolean.FALSE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
Topic topic = session.createTopic("MessageTopic");
producer = session.createProducer(topic);
//设置不持久化
producer.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);
}

public void submit(String mess) throws Exception
{
TextMessage message = session.createTextMessage();
message.setText(mess);
producer.send(message);
}

public void close()
{
try
{
if(session != null)
session.close();
if(producer != null)
producer.close();
if(connection !=null )
connection.close();
}
catch (JMSException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
TopicRequest topicRequest = new TopicRequest();
topicRequest.init();
topicRequest.submit("I'm first");
topicRequest.close();
}
}

消息发送到对应的topic后，需要将listener注册到需要订阅的topic上，以便能够接收该topic的消息：

import javax.jms.Connection;
import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
import javax.jms.JMSException;
import javax.jms.Message;
import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
import javax.jms.MessageListener;
import javax.jms.Session;
import javax.jms.TextMessage;
import javax.jms.Topic;

import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;

public class TopicReceive
{
private MessageConsumer consumer;
private Session session;

public void init() throws Exception
{
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(
ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_USER,
ActiveMQConnection.DEFAULT_PASSWORD,
"tcp://10.10.195.187:61616");
Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
connection.start();
session = connection.createSession(Boolean.FALSE, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
Topic topic = session.createTopic("MessageTopic");
consumer = session.createConsumer(topic);

consumer.setMessageListener(new MessageListener(){
@Override
public void onMessage(Message message)
{
TextMessage tm = (TextMessage) message;
System.out.println(tm);
try
{
System.out.println(tm.getText());
}
catch (JMSException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
TopicReceive receive = new TopicReceive();
receive.init();
}
}

输出结果：

ActiveMQTextMessage {commandId = 5, responseRequired = false, messageId = ID:hidden-PC-50073-1460597487065-1:1:1:1:1, originalDestination = null, originalTransactionId = null, producerId = ID:hidden-PC-50073-1460597487065-1:1:1:1, destination = topic://MessageTopic, transactionId = null, expiration = 0, timestamp = 1460597487308, arrival = 0, brokerInTime = 1460597487297, brokerOutTime = 1460597487298, correlationId = null, replyTo = null, persistent = false, type = null, priority = 4, groupID = null, groupSequence = 0, targetConsumerId = null, compressed = false, userID = null, content = org.apache.activemq.util.ByteSequence@2e4d3abf, marshalledProperties = null, dataStructure = null, redeliveryCounter = 0, size = 0, properties = null, readOnlyProperties = true, readOnlyBody = true, droppable = false, jmsXGroupFirstForConsumer = false, text = I'm first}
I'm first