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Java Timer的缺陷 用ScheduledExecutorService替代

2016-05-13 00:34 531 查看
1、Timer管理延时任务的缺陷

a、以前在项目中也经常使用定时器,比如每隔一段时间清理项目中的一些垃圾文件,每个一段时间进行数据清洗;然而Timer是存在一些缺陷的,因为Timer在执行定时任务时只会创建一个线程,所以如果存在多个任务,且任务时间过长,超过了两个任务的间隔时间,会发生一些缺陷:下面看例子:

Timer的源码:

public class Timer {
/**
* The timer task queue. This data structure is shared with the timer
* thread. The timer produces tasks, via its various schedule calls,
* and the timer thread consumes, executing timer tasks as appropriate,
* and removing them from the queue when they're obsolete.
*/
private TaskQueue queue = new TaskQueue();

/**
* The timer thread.
*/
private TimerThread thread = new TimerThread(queue);TimerThread是Thread的子类,可以看出内部只有一个线程。下面看个例子:
package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;

import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;

public class TimerTest
{
private static long start;

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{

TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{

System.out.println("task1 invoked ! "
+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
try
{
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}

}
};
TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
System.out.println("task2 invoked ! "
+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
}
};
Timer timer = new Timer();
start = System.currentTimeMillis();
timer.schedule(task1, 1000);
timer.schedule(task2, 3000);

}
}
定义了两个任务,预计是第一个任务1s后执行,第二个任务3s后执行,但是看运行结果:
task1 invoked ! 1000
task2 invoked ! 4000
task2实际上是4后才执行,正因为Timer内部是一个线程,而任务1所需的时间超过了两个任务间的间隔导致。下面使用ScheduledThreadPool解决这个问题:

package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;

import java.util.TimerTask;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class ScheduledThreadPoolExecutorTest
{
private static long start;

public static void main(String[] args)
{
/**
* 使用工厂方法初始化一个ScheduledThreadPool
*/
ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool = Executors
.newScheduledThreadPool(2);

TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
try
{

System.out.println("task1 invoked ! "
+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}

}
};

TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
System.out.println("task2 invoked ! "
+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
}
};
start = System.currentTimeMillis();
newScheduledThreadPool.schedule(task1, 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
newScheduledThreadPool.schedule(task2, 3000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
}
输出结果:

task1 invoked ! 1001
task2 invoked ! 3001
符合我们的预期结果。因为ScheduledThreadPool内部是个线程池,所以可以支持多个任务并发执行。

2、Timer当任务抛出异常时的缺陷

如果TimerTask抛出RuntimeException,Timer会停止所有任务的运行:
package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;

public class ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01
{

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{

final TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
{

@Override
public void run()
{
throw new RuntimeException();
}
};

final TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
{

@Override
public void run()
{
System.out.println("task2 invoked!");
}
};

Timer timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(task1, 100);
timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task2, new Date(), 1000);

}
}

上面有两个任务,任务1抛出一个运行时的异常,任务2周期性的执行某个操作,输出结果:
task2 invoked!
Exception in thread "Timer-0" java.lang.RuntimeException
at com.zhy.concurrency.timer.ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01$1.run(ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01.java:24)
at java.util.TimerThread.mainLoop(Timer.java:512)
at java.util.TimerThread.run(Timer.java:462)


由于任务1的一次,任务2也停止运行了。。。下面使用ScheduledExecutorService解决这个问题:

package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01
{

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{

final TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
{

@Override
public void run()
{
throw new RuntimeException();
}
};

final TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
{

@Override
public void run()
{
System.out.println("task2 invoked!");
}
};

ScheduledExecutorService pool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
pool.schedule(task1, 100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
pool.scheduleAtFixedRate(task2, 0 , 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);

}
}

代码基本一致,但是ScheduledExecutorService可以保证,task1出现异常时,不影响task2的运行:

task2 invoked!
task2 invoked!
task2 invoked!
task2 invoked!
task2 invoked!<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">...</span>
3、Timer执行周期任务时依赖系统时间

Timer执行周期任务时依赖系统时间,如果当前系统时间发生变化会出现一些执行上的变化,ScheduledExecutorService基于时间的延迟,不会由于系统时间的改变发生执行变化。

上述,基本说明了在以后的开发中尽可能使用ScheduledExecutorService(JDK1.5以后)替代Timer。
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