Hive本地模式安装及遇到的问题和解决方案

Apache Hive是基于Hadoop的一个数据仓库工具，可以将结构化的数据文件映射为一张数据库表，并提供简单的SQL查询功能，可以将SQL语句转换为MapReduce任务进行运行。
其优点是学习成本低，可以通过类SQL语句快速实现简单的MapReduce统计，不必开发专门的MapReduce应用，十分适合数据仓库的统计分析。

Hive有三种运行模式：

1.内嵌模式：将元数据保存在本地内嵌的Derby数据库中，这得使用Hive最简单的方式，不过使用内嵌模式的话，缺点也比较明显，因为一个内嵌的Derby数据库每次只能访问一个数据文件，这也就意味着不支持多会话连接。这种情况应对本地测试可能都有所不足，仅供初学者熟悉应用Hive；

2.本地模式：这种模式是将元数据库保存在本地的独立数据库中(比如说MySQL)，这样就能够支持多会话和多用户连接;

3.远程模式：如果我们的Hive客户端比较多，在每个客户端都安装MySQL服务还是会造成一定的冗余和浪费，这种情况下，就可以更进一步，将MySQL也独立出来，将元数据保存在远端独立的MySQL服务中。

因为只有一台电脑，所以本文主要介绍Hive的本地模式安装。

安装前准备

1.正确安装Hadoop

2.下载文件：

apache-hive-1.1.0-bin.tar.gz：https://hive.apache.org/downloads.html

JDBC：http://download.softagency.net/MySQL/Downloads/Connector-J/

解压文件并配置Hive环境变量

解压文件

tar zxf apache-hive-1.1.0-bin.tar.gzmv apache-hive-1.1.0-bin /usr/local/tar zxf mysql-connector-java-5.1.35.tar.gz

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配置环境变量

vim /etc/profile

export HIVE_HOME=/usr/local/apache-hive-1.1.0-binexport PATH=${PATH}:${HIVE_HOME}/bin

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修改Hive配置

hive-config.sh

#vim /usr/local/apache-hive-1.1.0-bin/bin/hive-config.shexport JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracleexport HIVE_HOME=/usr/local/apache-hive-1.1.0-binexport HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop-2.6.0

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hive-env.sh

cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh

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hive-site.xml

#cp hive-default.xml.template hive-site.xml#vim hive-site.xml<property><name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURLname><value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hivevalue><description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastoredescription>property><property><name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverNamename><value>com.mysql.jdbc.Drivervalue><description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastoredescription>property><property><name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserNamename><value>数据库用户名value><description>Username to use against metastore databasedescription>property><property><name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPasswordname><value>数据库密码value><description>password to use against metastore databasedescription>property>#如果不配置下面的部分会产生错误1.<property><name>hive.exec.local.scratchdirname><value>自定义目录value><description>Local scratch space for Hive jobsdescription>property><property><name>hive.downloaded.resources.dirname><value>自定义目录value><description>Temporary local directory for added resources in the remote file system.description>property><property><name>hive.querylog.locationname><value>自定义目录value><description>Location of Hive run time structured log filedescription>property><property><name>hive.server2.logging.operation.log.locationname><value>自定义目录/operation_logsvalue><description>Top level directory where operation logs are stored if logging functionality is enableddescription>property>

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hive-log4j.properties

#cp hive-log4j.properties.template hive-log4j.properties#vim hive-log4j.propertieshive.log.dir=自定义目录/log/

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在HDFS上建立/tmp和/user/hive/warehouse目录，并赋予组用户写权限。

HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -mkdir       /tmpHADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -mkdir       /user/hive/warehouseHADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -chmod g+w   /tmpHADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop fs -chmod g+w   /user/hive/warehouse

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Mysql配置

#创建数据库mysql> create database hive;#赋予访问权限mysql> grant all privileges on hive.* to root@localhost identified by'密码'with grant option;mysql> flush privileges;#将JDBC复制到Hive库目录用于java程序与mysql的连接cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.35/mysql-connector-java-5.1.35-bin.jar /usr/local/apache-hive-1.1.0-bin/lib/

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完成以上操作后，启动Hadoop，再在终端输入

hive

启动Hive,若Hive成功启动，Hive本地模式安装完成。

错误1.

Logging initialized using configuration in file:/usr/local/apache-hive-1.1.0-bin/conf/hive-log4j.propertiesException in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.net.URISyntaxException: Relative path in absolute URI: ${system:java.io.tmpdir%7D/$%7Bsystem:user.name%7D    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:472)    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:671)    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:615)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: java.net.URISyntaxException: Relative path in absolute URI: ${system:java.io.tmpdir%7D/$%7Bsystem:user.name%7D    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path.initialize(Path.java:206)    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path.(Path.java:172)    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createSessionDirs(SessionState.java:515)    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:458)    ... 8 moreCaused by: java.net.URISyntaxException: Relative path in absolute URI: ${system:java.io.tmpdir%7D/$%7Bsystem:user.name%7D    at java.net.URI.checkPath(URI.java:1804)    at java.net.URI.(URI.java:752)    at org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path.initialize(Path.java:203)    ... 11 more

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参考自：hive shell not opening when I have hive-site.xml

错误2.

Logging initialized using configuration in file:/usr/local/apache-hive-1.1.0-bin/conf/hive-log4j.properties[ERROR] Terminal initialization failed; falling back to unsupportedjava.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Found class jline.Terminal, but interface was expected    at jline.TerminalFactory.create(TerminalFactory.java:101)    at jline.TerminalFactory.get(TerminalFactory.java:158)    at jline.console.ConsoleReader.(ConsoleReader.java:229)    at jline.console.ConsoleReader.(ConsoleReader.java:221)    at jline.console.ConsoleReader.(ConsoleReader.java:209)    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.getConsoleReader(CliDriver.java:773)    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.executeDriver(CliDriver.java:715)    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:675)    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:615)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Found class jline.Terminal, but interface was expected    at jline.console.ConsoleReader.(ConsoleReader.java:230)    at jline.console.ConsoleReader.(ConsoleReader.java:221)    at jline.console.ConsoleReader.(ConsoleReader.java:209)    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.getConsoleReader(CliDriver.java:773)    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.executeDriver(CliDriver.java:715)    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:675)    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:615)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)

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错误原因：

Hive has upgraded to Jline2 but jline 0.94 exists inthe Hadoop lib.

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解决方案(Hive on Spark Getting Started)：

1.Delete jline fromthe Hadoop lib directory (it's only pulled in transitively from ZooKeeper).2.export HADOOP_USER_CLASSPATH_FIRST=true

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