Linux中ifreq 结构体分析和使用

摘要: Linux中ifreq 结构体分析和使用

结构原型:

/*
* Interface request structure used for socket
* ioctl's.  All interface ioctl's must have parameter
* definitions which begin with ifr_name.  The
* remainder may be interface specific.
*/
struct ifreq
{
#define IFHWADDRLEN 6
union
{
char ifrn_name[IFNAMSIZ];  /* if name, e.g. "en0" */
} ifr_ifrn;

union {
struct sockaddr ifru_addr;
struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_netmask;
struct  sockaddr ifru_hwaddr;
short ifru_flags;
int ifru_ivalue;
int ifru_mtu;
struct  ifmap ifru_map;
char ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ]; /* Just fits the size */
char ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZ];
void __user * ifru_data;
struct if_settings ifru_settings;
} ifr_ifru;
};
#define ifr_name ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name /* interface name  */
#define ifr_hwaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr /* MAC address   */
#define ifr_addr ifr_ifru.ifru_addr /* address  */
#define ifr_dstaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_dstaddr /* other end of p-p lnk */
#define ifr_broadaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_broadaddr /* broadcast address */
#define ifr_netmask ifr_ifru.ifru_netmask /* interface net mask */
#define ifr_flags ifr_ifru.ifru_flags /* flags  */
#define ifr_metric ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* metric  */
#define ifr_mtu  ifr_ifru.ifru_mtu /* mtu   */
#define ifr_map  ifr_ifru.ifru_map /* device map  */
#define ifr_slave ifr_ifru.ifru_slave /* slave device  */
#define ifr_data ifr_ifru.ifru_data /* for use by interface */
#define ifr_ifindex ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* interface index */
#define ifr_bandwidth ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue    /* link bandwidth */
#define ifr_qlen ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* Queue length  */
#define ifr_newname ifr_ifru.ifru_newname /* New name  */
#define ifr_settings ifr_ifru.ifru_settings /* Device/proto settings*/

基本介绍:
ifreq结构定义在/usr/include/net/if.h，用来配置ip地址，激活接口，配置MTU等接口信息的。其中包含了一个接口的名字和具体内容——（是个共用体，有可能是IP地址，广播地址，子网掩码，MAC号，MTU或其他内容）。ifreq包含在ifconf结构中。而ifconf结构通常是用来保存所有接口的信息的。
举例说明：
在Linux系统中，ifconfig命令是通过ioctl接口与内核通信，例如，当系统管理员输入如下命令来改变接口eth0的MTU大小：
ifconfig eth0 mtu 1250
ifconfig命令首先打开一个socket，然后通过系统管理员输入的参数初始化一个数据结构，并通过ioctl调用将数据传送到内核。SIOCSIFMTU是命令标识符。

struct ifreq data;
fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
< ... initialize "data" ...>
err = ioctl(fd, SIOCSIFMTU, &data);